US3568574A - Pumps or motors with circularly disposed cylinders - Google Patents

Pumps or motors with circularly disposed cylinders Download PDF

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Publication number
US3568574A
US3568574A US809152A US3568574DA US3568574A US 3568574 A US3568574 A US 3568574A US 809152 A US809152 A US 809152A US 3568574D A US3568574D A US 3568574DA US 3568574 A US3568574 A US 3568574A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
valve element
casing
cylinders
machine according
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US809152A
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter John Dupen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydrostatic Transmissions Ltd
Original Assignee
Hydrostatic Transmissions Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydrostatic Transmissions Ltd filed Critical Hydrostatic Transmissions Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3568574A publication Critical patent/US3568574A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/067—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/0032—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F01B3/0044—Component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication
    • F01B3/0052—Cylinder barrel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/0032—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F01B3/0044—Component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication
    • F01B3/0055—Valve means, e.g. valve plate
    • F01B3/0058—Cylindrical valve means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/0032—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F01B3/0044—Component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication
    • F01B3/0064—Machine housing
    • F01B3/0067—Machine housing cylinder barrel bearing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/026—Cores
    • F28D2001/0273—Cores having special shape, e.g. curved, annular

Definitions

  • the described invention relates to fluid pressure machines in the nature of pumps or motors in which the working fluid pressure causes radial loads on the bearings of a rotary part.
  • the invention resides in the provision of balancing pressure space to which the working pressure is communicated and of which the effective pressure-exposed areas substantially balance the radial loads otherwise imposed: it is particularly directed to the pressure balancing of a rotary valve.
  • the invention relates to fluid pressure machines such as pumps or motors which have cylinders and pistons disposed in a circular array around an axis, for brevity to be referred to as machines.
  • Typical of such a machine, of the kind to which the invention is to be applied is a fixed-swashplate pump having a rotating cylinder block with a circular array of substantially xially arranged cylinders, the block rotating in a fixed body.
  • the invention may also be applied to a motor of similar arrangement; or to a pump or motor having a radially arranged array of cylinders, and pistons which are moved by an eccentric, cam track, or crank.
  • the primary object of the invention is to balance radial loads imposed by the fluid pressure on such parts of the machine as are exposed thereto; by the invention such loads are balanced by fluid pressure.
  • the element to which balancing is most desirably applied is the valve element which controls flow through the machine.
  • such element is basically a hollow cylinder which rotates with the cylinder block with which it is coaxial.
  • such valve element is rigid or integral with the cylinder block so that balancing of side loads on the element also relieves the block of side loads; then the valve element and the block can be supported laterally by the fluid pressure which arises in the machine.
  • a machine may have a stationary cylinder block and valve element, the surrounding casing being rotary.
  • the invention is applicable, even though the whole device is rotatable.
  • the invention resides primarily in a machine of the kind stated in which a valve element rotates with the cylinder block relatively to the casing and has passages which intermittently and cyclically communicate each one of the circular array of cylinders to a pressure fluid connection of the casing, which connection extends circumferentially subtending an angle centered on the rotation axis, the valve element having an interface of coaxial circular section with part of the casing, the interface being interrupted to form a pressure chamber which subtends substantially the same angle and which has pressure communication with said connection and which is so dimensioned that the effective radial force on the valve element due to pressure in the connection is substantially balanced by that due to pressure in the chamber.
  • the invention is preferably applied to machines in which there is one piston stroke per revolution as in a swashplatetype machine; in such case there are provided an inlet and an outlet connection and corresponding pressure chambers; moreover and especially if the fluid be a practically incompressible liquid, the inlet and outlet chambers are constituted by lobelike chambers formed in the casing each subtending an angle centered on the, rotation axis of the valve and of such magnitude as to include a number of valve passages corresponding to half the total number of cylinders in the array minus one (if the cylinders are of uneven number) or two.
  • valve element be made rigid or integral with the cylinder block the balancing chambers may be directly connected with the pressure spaces of the cylinders, and in such a case moreover, the valve element beingin effect hydrostatically borne, it may be arranged that side loads in the block-for example a vector of the swashplate angle-are also balanced by fluid pressure.
  • FIG. 1 is a section elevation in the axis of a seven-cylinder swashplate pump and 1A is a section on line A-A thereof.
  • FIGS. 2, 2A and 3, 3A are corresponding views of variants.
  • the pump has a driving shaft 1 to which is secured a cylinder block 2 having axially directed cylinders 3 in a circular array.
  • pistons 4 moved by a swashplate 5 which is fixed in (or adjustably tiltable in) the pump casing 6.
  • the shaft ll runs in bearings and seals at 7, ll, in the casing 6.
  • the casing 6 Towards one end the casing 6 has an internally cylindrical bore at 9 which has formed between its ends two more or less crescentic-o'r lobelike pressure spaces, it), ill, which are respectively inlet and outlet valve chests, connected in the pump circuit by leads indicated by 10A, HA.
  • an endplate 112 which has an inwardly extending cylindrical journal skirt l3 surrounding the shaft l.
  • This element M is made with axial bores MA corresponding to and permanently registering with the cylinders 3.
  • the outer end of the element 14 bears axially sealedly against an annular sealing plate 15, each bore MA having an individual seal ring l6.
  • sealing ferrules or cuffs l7 (which act as couplings) are provided between the cylinders 3 and each valve bore MA.
  • valve element 114 is therefore sealed to, and rotates with, the cylinder block 2, though it is not necessarily confined to absolute alignment therewith.
  • a valve port 14B Radially in the element M and traversing each bore MA is a valve port 14B, of such diameter as to be wholly closed when in transition between the chests 110, ll, (see uppermost port in FIG. 1A), but in other positions to open a cylinder 3 either to the entry or outlet, (10A or 11A).
  • the cuffs 17 may afford some flexibility, the better to act as couplings.
  • the exterior wall of the skirt i3 is fashioned with two balancing member chambers, 10B and 1113, with which the inner ends of the ports MB communicate cyclically.
  • the effective area (from the point of view of the radial load exerted by the fluid pressure) of the chambers 10B, 11B, is equal to or approximate to, theeffective area of the external surface of the valve element 14 which is exposed to fluid pressure in (respectively) it) or 11. It follows that forces otherwise imposed on the valve element in a diametrical direction by fluid pressure are balanced or nearly balanced.
  • valve element 20 is integral with the cylinder block 2. it surrounds, and runs in journal fit on a journal stub shaft 21 extending inwards from the end cap 12.
  • the element 20 has axial bores 23 which are in permanent communication with the respective cylinders 3.
  • the balance chambers ME, R13, are formed in the stub shaft 21. This arrangement may be preferred for smaller machines; it is shorter and in other respects more compact than that of FIG. i.
  • valve element 14 is connected for rotation with the cylinder block 2 by studs or dowels 30, sealing between the cylinders 3 and bores 14A being provided by O-n'ng 17A, or like means (FIG. 3).
  • the balance chambers B, 11B are in this case connected permanently to the valve chests 10, 11, by a series of bores forming ducts 31, in which at some convenient location there are, preferably, flow restrictors 32.
  • the chests 10, 11, are kept at a pressure which (save for rapid fluctuations) is equal to that in the chambers 10B, 118.
  • the virtually continuous fluid pressure will keep the journal and end bearing surfaces flooded, whereby good bearing will result.
  • each of the valve chests which constitute inlet and outlet connections, subtends an angle centered on the rotation axis which angle is also approximately subtended by the respective pressure chamber.
  • such angle includes a plurality of the cylinder and their respective valve passages, each chest corresponding to half the total minus one, of the number of cylinders arrayed in the ordinary case in which there is an uneven number of cylinders. If, for any reason, the number of cylinders is selected to be an even number then each chest corresponds to half the total number, minus two.
  • the rotor body is preferably borne on a fixed coaxial stub shaft which extends through the valve element and through most of the axial length of the cylinder block; the balance chambers are formed in the surface of the stub shaft and further chambers or ports are provided also at the interface of the stub shaft and cylinder block so as to balance radial loads set up by the offset of the reaction between the pistons and the swashplate.
  • a hollow casing having an axially extending internal wall of generally circular cross section, said wall defining at least one circumferentially extending stationary passage open in the radially inward sense and having a fluid pressure connection to the exterior;
  • a rotary assembly borne for rotation in the casing and comprising a cylinder block having a circular array of cylinders formed therein with swashplate-actuated pistons working in the cylinders and a valve element formed as a solid of revolution rotating closely within said wall, the valve element having an axially directed bore corresponding to each cylinder, each bore having a radial fluid connection to the external surface of the element to establish cyclic connection to said stationary passage;
  • a stub shaft extending axially inwardly from that end of the casing at which is the said stationary surface and fonning a journal rotatably supporting said valve element, the valve element and stub shaft defining between them at least one fluid pressure balancing chamber operative in the radial sense and so connected as cyclically to receive pressure from cylinders of the machine in correspondence with the pressure in said stationary passage and over the same circumferential angle, the effective area of said pressure balancing chamber and its location being such as to balance the valve element radially against the pressure in said passage acting upon it.
  • Machine according to claim 4 in which said ducting includes a flow restrictive orifice.
  • valve element bores are axial and correspond in position and number to the cylinders, and further comprising a flexible hollow coupling element interconnecting the end of each cylinder to its corresponding bore for fluid passage.
  • inlet and outlet connections are constituted as casing was walls defining lobelike passages each subtending an angle centered on the rotation axis of the valve element and of such magnitude as to include a number of adjacent valve element connections corresponding to half the total number of cylinders minus two.
  • valve element bores correspond in number to the cylinders and each radial connection leads outwardly to the casing wall and inwardly to the pressure balancing chamber so that the pressure therein is equalized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
US809152A 1968-03-22 1969-03-21 Pumps or motors with circularly disposed cylinders Expired - Lifetime US3568574A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1402568 1968-03-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3568574A true US3568574A (en) 1971-03-09

Family

ID=10033621

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US809152A Expired - Lifetime US3568574A (en) 1968-03-22 1969-03-21 Pumps or motors with circularly disposed cylinders

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3568574A (es)
BE (1) BE730245A (es)
CH (1) CH498294A (es)
DE (1) DE1914532A1 (es)
ES (1) ES365113A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2004529A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1256877A (es)
SE (1) SE357800B (es)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4253380A (en) * 1978-09-05 1981-03-03 David P. McConnell Rotary manifold valve mechanism
US5549032A (en) * 1995-04-25 1996-08-27 Long; Otto V. Low-pollution high-power external combustion engine
CN111811167A (zh) * 2020-06-23 2020-10-23 倪浩 一种工业用蒸发冷凝器

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1817063A (en) * 1928-11-03 1931-08-04 Carrie James Transmission mechanism
US2356101A (en) * 1942-10-09 1944-08-15 Cash A W Co Multiple cylinder pump
US2430753A (en) * 1943-11-08 1947-11-11 Ziska Adam Pump
US2847984A (en) * 1955-11-07 1958-08-19 Gen Motors Corp Hydraulic engine-starting device
US2956506A (en) * 1955-11-21 1960-10-18 Robert W Brundage Hydraulic pump or motor
US3188969A (en) * 1957-09-06 1965-06-15 Robert W Brundage Hydraulic pump or motor
US3208395A (en) * 1963-08-30 1965-09-28 Budzich Tadeusz Cylinder barrel suspension for fluid pressure energy translating device
USRE26519E (en) * 1967-03-29 1969-01-14 Variable displacement pump

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1817063A (en) * 1928-11-03 1931-08-04 Carrie James Transmission mechanism
US2356101A (en) * 1942-10-09 1944-08-15 Cash A W Co Multiple cylinder pump
US2430753A (en) * 1943-11-08 1947-11-11 Ziska Adam Pump
US2847984A (en) * 1955-11-07 1958-08-19 Gen Motors Corp Hydraulic engine-starting device
US2956506A (en) * 1955-11-21 1960-10-18 Robert W Brundage Hydraulic pump or motor
US3188969A (en) * 1957-09-06 1965-06-15 Robert W Brundage Hydraulic pump or motor
US3208395A (en) * 1963-08-30 1965-09-28 Budzich Tadeusz Cylinder barrel suspension for fluid pressure energy translating device
USRE26519E (en) * 1967-03-29 1969-01-14 Variable displacement pump

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4253380A (en) * 1978-09-05 1981-03-03 David P. McConnell Rotary manifold valve mechanism
US5549032A (en) * 1995-04-25 1996-08-27 Long; Otto V. Low-pollution high-power external combustion engine
CN111811167A (zh) * 2020-06-23 2020-10-23 倪浩 一种工业用蒸发冷凝器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1256877A (es) 1971-12-15
BE730245A (es) 1969-09-01
DE1914532A1 (de) 1969-10-09
ES365113A1 (es) 1971-02-16
SE357800B (es) 1973-07-09
CH498294A (de) 1970-10-31
FR2004529A1 (es) 1969-11-28

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