US3563323A - Apparatus for borehole drilling - Google Patents

Apparatus for borehole drilling Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3563323A
US3563323A US791913*A US3563323DA US3563323A US 3563323 A US3563323 A US 3563323A US 3563323D A US3563323D A US 3563323DA US 3563323 A US3563323 A US 3563323A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
deviation
collars
drill
ram
borehole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US791913*A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Howard Trethewen Edgecombe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce PLC
Original Assignee
Rolls Royce PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolls Royce PLC filed Critical Rolls Royce PLC
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3563323A publication Critical patent/US3563323A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for use in drilling a borehole which deviates from one path to another.
  • the drilling of boreholes of thistype is referred to herein as deviation drilling.
  • the invention is more particularly concerned with apparatus for use in drilling that section of the borehole which deviates from the said one path, and which will be referred to hereinafter as the inclined section of the borehole.
  • the invention is also particularly, though not exclusively, concerned with a turbodrilling method.
  • a drill string in deviation borehole drilling with a down-hole motor, comprises a deviation assembly, as hereinbefore defined, at least one flexible collar connected above the. deviation assembly, and a second collar assembly connected above the flexible collar or collars, the flexible collar or collars being sufficiently flexible to substantially prevent the second collar assembly from exerting a bending moment on the deviation assembly, but at the same time being capable of transmitting axial loads from the second collar assembly to the deviation assembly.
  • the flexible collar or collars are provided at their ends with stabilizers.
  • a ram is provided in the deviation assembly above the down-hole motor for providing an axial thrust on the drill bit.
  • the deviation assembly comprises, from the bottom of the borehole the drill bit, the down-hole motor, a bent sub and a plurality of drill collars which provide the necessary bending moment about the bent sub to produce a side load on the drill bit for deviation.
  • a borehole 1 being drilled has a straight vertical portion 2, and a curved portion 3 in which the hole deviates from the vertical.
  • the curvature may be, for example 3 per 100 ft. length and the total deviation may be 30 to 40.
  • the curved portion of the borehole is shown in the figure with an exaggerated curvature for the purposes of illustration, the actual length being I000 ft. to 1400 ft.
  • a drill string assembly which comprises a plurality of hollow drill collars 4 which are attached to a downhole motor, in the form of a turbodrill 5, by means of a bent sub 6 and a ram 7.
  • the bent sub 6 is a deviation control device and comprises a hollow cylindrical member having an angled end face which provides control of the azimuth direction of the drill bit together with the included angle between the drill axis and that of the drill collars above it.
  • the drill bit 8 At the bottom of the borehole 1 is the drill bit 8 which is attached to and driven by the turbodrill 5. Above the collars 4 is the drill-pipe 10.
  • the turbodrill 5 is of known type and comprises a turbine (not shown) which is driven by a mud flush which is pumped down from the surface inside the drill string, and comes out at the drill bit after passing through the turbine. The mud flush then passes back up the borehole l to the surface passing over the outside of the drill string. The drill bit is driven by the turbine via a shaft 9.
  • the bent sub contacts the side of the curved portion 3 of the borehole at a point K, known as the knee, and those parts of the drill string which are in the curved portion of the hole produce bending moments about K which govern the side load on the drill bit.
  • the ram 7 is of a kind similar to those described in British Patent Specification No. 755207.
  • the interior ofthe ram comprises a hollow central tube and the mud flush is passed therethrough on its way to the drill turbine.
  • a cylinder surrounds the hollow central tube and a piston is mounted on the tube for cooperation with the cylinder walls,
  • the hollow central tube is moveable axially ofthe ram relative to the cylinder.
  • the mud flush passing through the hollow central tube is allowed to communicate through the tube with the cylinder on one side of the piston, and the-.mud flush in the borehole returning to the surface communicates through the cylinder wall with the opposite side of the piston.
  • a pressure differential is applied to the piston which is substantially equal to the pressure drop of the mud flush in passing through the drill turbine and the drill bit.
  • This thrust will always act axially of the ram whatever the inclination of the ram is to the vertical.
  • the ram may however be hydraulically operated.
  • Collar 4b is a nonmagnetic survey collar which contains instruments to detect the borehole heading and inclination.
  • Collars 4c are heavy collars to provide bending moment about the knee, known as weight collars, and collars 4d are relatively lightweight flexible collars.
  • the collars 4d are provided at their ends with stabilizers 11.
  • Above the flexible collars is the main stand of drill collars 4 which comprise, for example, 400 feet of weight collars and which provide an axial load on the drill bit, and above the weight collars is the drill pipe 10.
  • the term deviation assembly is applied to those parts of the drill string, including the deviation device, which provide the forces which govern the side load on the drill bit for controlling deviation.
  • the drill In a turbodrill string assembly without a ram, the drill relies principally on the weight W of the drill collars above it, minus the lift tension L in the drill pipe, for axial thrust T on the bit. This is the indicated bit weight at the surface. in deviation drilling, as more and more of the drill collars pass into the curved section of the borehole their axial thrust on the drill decreases for two reasons, (a) less of the weight W of the drill collars acts along their axes as thrust, and (b) more of the collar thrust is dissipated in friction between the collars and the side of the borehole.
  • the ram pushing against the weight of the collars above it and the frictional resistance of the collars and the bent sub to sliding in the borehole, provides a force on the drill bit which, by placing the ram immediately above the turbodrill, acts axially of the borehole regardless of the inclination of the borehole.
  • the force provided on the drill bit by the ram is thus greater than W-L because of the wall friction.
  • the advantages of the ram become greater.
  • the ram becomes exposed to the bending moments produced by the drill collars above the bent sub and care must be taken not to exceed the limit of bending moment of the ram.
  • the ram is particularly useful at large deviations when the axial component of the weight of the collars is much reduced.
  • the ram is also particularly useful in that section of the borehole below the curved portion where the bending moment problem is less severe.
  • the bending moment problem is overcome by the use ofthe relatively lightweight flexible collars 4d these collars are stabilized at their ends by stabilizers 11 which reduce lateral movements of the ends of the collars 4d.
  • the collars 4d must besufficiently flexible to prevent substantial transmission of bending moment but must at the same time be capable of transmitting the axial thrust from the main stand of drill collars.
  • the collars 4d are of reduced diameter and hence are relatively lightweight so that the bending moment on the drill is substantially only that produced by the collars 4b and 4c and is thus readily controlled.
  • the flexible collars also have the advantage that with their use, the main stand of weight collars can be kept in the more vertical portion of the hole so that moreof their weight acts axially and their tendency to foul on the sides of the borehole is diminished.
  • the forces acting on the drill bit are the axial thrust T and the side load S.
  • the thrust T is the ram thrust and it is only a little more than the indicated bit weight (W-L).
  • the side load S is produced by the bending moments acting around K the contact point of the bent sub.
  • the weight bending moment above the bent sub increases as the inclined portion of the hole gets longer and more of the drill collars become inclined to the vertical. Deviation control is a difficult process under such conditions, and the bending moments may be sufficiently large to damage the drill or the ram.
  • Use of the stabilized flexible collars avoids transmission of large bending moment from the collars 4 to the deviation assembly and so the deviation bending moment is derived from the clockwise moment of the collars 4b and 4c above the bent sub, and the anticlockwise moment of the ram, the turbodrill and the bit below the bent sub, i.e. the deviation assembly. This will be variably affected to a lesser degree by the stabilized lightweight collars 4d.
  • the ram has to be stiff in order to transmit bending moment and thus a short stroke is preferred.
  • the position of the components of the deviation assembly may be changed, for example, the ram and the collar 41: and may be interchanged.
  • the main criterion when a ram is used is that the ram should be disposed as close to the drill as possible.
  • This embodiment has shown a deviation assembly in which the deviation control device is a bent sub, but it is not meant to be limited to such a device, since the side load on the bit may be produced by other means.
  • a drill string for use in deviation drilling with a down-hole motor comprising a deviation assembly, at least one flexible provide the necessar bending moment about the bent sub to produce the require side load on the dl'lil bit for deviation thereof.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
US791913*A 1968-01-19 1969-01-17 Apparatus for borehole drilling Expired - Lifetime US3563323A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2915/68A GB1212915A (en) 1968-01-19 1968-01-19 Apparatus for bore-hole drilling

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3563323A true US3563323A (en) 1971-02-16

Family

ID=9748474

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US791913*A Expired - Lifetime US3563323A (en) 1968-01-19 1969-01-17 Apparatus for borehole drilling

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3563323A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE1902363A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2000464A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1212915A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NL (1) NL6900861A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS48103001A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1972-03-16 1973-12-24
US4067404A (en) * 1976-05-04 1978-01-10 Smith International, Inc. Angle adjustment sub
US4299295A (en) * 1980-02-08 1981-11-10 Kerr-Mcgee Coal Corporation Process for degasification of subterranean mineral deposits
US4361192A (en) * 1980-02-08 1982-11-30 Kerr-Mcgee Corporation Borehole survey method and apparatus for drilling substantially horizontal boreholes
EP0103913A3 (en) * 1982-08-25 1984-10-03 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Down-hole motor and method for directional drilling of boreholes
DE3417743C1 (de) * 1984-05-12 1985-03-28 Norton Christensen, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah Vorrichtung zum wahlweisen Geradeaus- oder Richtungsbohren in unterirdische Gesteinsformationen
DE3423465C1 (de) * 1984-06-26 1985-05-02 Norton Christensen, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah Vorrichtungen zum wahlweisen Geradeaus- oder Richtungsbohren in unterirdische Gesteinsformationen
US4577701A (en) * 1984-08-08 1986-03-25 Mobil Oil Corporation System of drilling deviated wellbores
US4610307A (en) * 1984-01-31 1986-09-09 Norton Company Method and apparatus for selectively straight or directional drilling in subsurface rock formation
WO1987002408A1 (en) * 1985-10-11 1987-04-23 Smith International, Inc. System and method for controlled directional drilling
US4762186A (en) * 1986-11-05 1988-08-09 Atlantic Richfield Company Medium curvature directional drilling method
USRE33751E (en) * 1985-10-11 1991-11-26 Smith International, Inc. System and method for controlled directional drilling
US5099931A (en) * 1988-02-02 1992-03-31 Eastman Christensen Company Method and apparatus for optional straight hole drilling or directional drilling in earth formations
US5117927A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-06-02 Anadrill Downhole adjustable bent assemblies
EP0429765A3 (en) * 1989-11-30 1992-07-22 Eastman Christensen Company Directional drilling tool
US5139094A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-08-18 Anadrill, Inc. Directional drilling methods and apparatus
US5148876A (en) * 1991-06-10 1992-09-22 Prideco, Inc. Lightweight drill pipe
US5165491A (en) * 1991-04-29 1992-11-24 Prideco, Inc. Method of horizontal drilling
US5343967A (en) * 1984-05-12 1994-09-06 Baker Hughes Incorporated Apparatus for optional straight or directional drilling underground formations
US5368109A (en) * 1993-11-04 1994-11-29 Slim Dril International Inc. Apparatus for arcuate drilling
EP0774563A3 (en) * 1995-11-17 1998-04-15 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method and apparatus for navigational drilling
US20090194337A1 (en) * 2008-02-01 2009-08-06 Aquatic Company Spiral Ribbed Aluminum Drillpipe
WO2013028490A1 (en) 2011-08-19 2013-02-28 Precision Energy Services, Inc. Rotary steerable assembly inhibiting counterclockwisewhirl during directional drilling

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3107973C2 (de) * 1980-07-12 1982-12-02 Preussag Ag, 3000 Hannover Und 1000 Berlin Bohrwerkzeug zur Herstellung gekrümmt verlaufender Abschnitte von Tiefbohrungen
DE10359880B4 (de) * 2003-12-18 2012-08-30 Tracto-Technik Gmbh Bohrgestängesystem mit einem flexiblen Biegeelement und Verfahren zum optimierten Richtungsbohren
CN114135227B (zh) * 2020-09-04 2023-08-08 万晓跃 一种高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2336338A (en) * 1932-04-20 1943-12-07 John A Zublin Apparatus for drilling bores deviating from existing well bores
US2500267A (en) * 1945-03-26 1950-03-14 John A Zublin Apparatus for drilling deflecting well bores
US2565794A (en) * 1945-10-02 1951-08-28 Signal Oil & Gas Co Directional drilling of deviated boreholes
US2805840A (en) * 1954-07-14 1957-09-10 Thompson Vaughan Arc cutter for diamond drilling
US2829864A (en) * 1955-02-01 1958-04-08 Seth R Knapp Method and apparatus for straightening well bore holes
US3380543A (en) * 1966-01-19 1968-04-30 Pan American Petroleum Corp Directional well-drilling apparatus
US3476196A (en) * 1967-01-25 1969-11-04 Bristol Siddeley Engines Ltd Stabilisers for borehole drilling

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2336338A (en) * 1932-04-20 1943-12-07 John A Zublin Apparatus for drilling bores deviating from existing well bores
US2500267A (en) * 1945-03-26 1950-03-14 John A Zublin Apparatus for drilling deflecting well bores
US2565794A (en) * 1945-10-02 1951-08-28 Signal Oil & Gas Co Directional drilling of deviated boreholes
US2805840A (en) * 1954-07-14 1957-09-10 Thompson Vaughan Arc cutter for diamond drilling
US2829864A (en) * 1955-02-01 1958-04-08 Seth R Knapp Method and apparatus for straightening well bore holes
US3380543A (en) * 1966-01-19 1968-04-30 Pan American Petroleum Corp Directional well-drilling apparatus
US3476196A (en) * 1967-01-25 1969-11-04 Bristol Siddeley Engines Ltd Stabilisers for borehole drilling

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS48103001A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1972-03-16 1973-12-24
US4067404A (en) * 1976-05-04 1978-01-10 Smith International, Inc. Angle adjustment sub
US4299295A (en) * 1980-02-08 1981-11-10 Kerr-Mcgee Coal Corporation Process for degasification of subterranean mineral deposits
US4361192A (en) * 1980-02-08 1982-11-30 Kerr-Mcgee Corporation Borehole survey method and apparatus for drilling substantially horizontal boreholes
EP0103913A3 (en) * 1982-08-25 1984-10-03 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Down-hole motor and method for directional drilling of boreholes
US4610307A (en) * 1984-01-31 1986-09-09 Norton Company Method and apparatus for selectively straight or directional drilling in subsurface rock formation
US5343967A (en) * 1984-05-12 1994-09-06 Baker Hughes Incorporated Apparatus for optional straight or directional drilling underground formations
DE3417743C1 (de) * 1984-05-12 1985-03-28 Norton Christensen, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah Vorrichtung zum wahlweisen Geradeaus- oder Richtungsbohren in unterirdische Gesteinsformationen
DE3423465C1 (de) * 1984-06-26 1985-05-02 Norton Christensen, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah Vorrichtungen zum wahlweisen Geradeaus- oder Richtungsbohren in unterirdische Gesteinsformationen
US4577701A (en) * 1984-08-08 1986-03-25 Mobil Oil Corporation System of drilling deviated wellbores
WO1987002408A1 (en) * 1985-10-11 1987-04-23 Smith International, Inc. System and method for controlled directional drilling
US4667751A (en) * 1985-10-11 1987-05-26 Smith International, Inc. System and method for controlled directional drilling
USRE33751E (en) * 1985-10-11 1991-11-26 Smith International, Inc. System and method for controlled directional drilling
US4762186A (en) * 1986-11-05 1988-08-09 Atlantic Richfield Company Medium curvature directional drilling method
US5099931A (en) * 1988-02-02 1992-03-31 Eastman Christensen Company Method and apparatus for optional straight hole drilling or directional drilling in earth formations
EP0429765A3 (en) * 1989-11-30 1992-07-22 Eastman Christensen Company Directional drilling tool
US5117927A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-06-02 Anadrill Downhole adjustable bent assemblies
US5139094A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-08-18 Anadrill, Inc. Directional drilling methods and apparatus
US5165491A (en) * 1991-04-29 1992-11-24 Prideco, Inc. Method of horizontal drilling
US5148876A (en) * 1991-06-10 1992-09-22 Prideco, Inc. Lightweight drill pipe
US5368109A (en) * 1993-11-04 1994-11-29 Slim Dril International Inc. Apparatus for arcuate drilling
EP0774563A3 (en) * 1995-11-17 1998-04-15 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method and apparatus for navigational drilling
US6129160A (en) * 1995-11-17 2000-10-10 Baker Hughes Incorporated Torque compensation apparatus for bottomhole assembly
US20090194337A1 (en) * 2008-02-01 2009-08-06 Aquatic Company Spiral Ribbed Aluminum Drillpipe
US7814996B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2010-10-19 Aquatic Company Spiral ribbed aluminum drillpipe
WO2013028490A1 (en) 2011-08-19 2013-02-28 Precision Energy Services, Inc. Rotary steerable assembly inhibiting counterclockwisewhirl during directional drilling
EP2744967A4 (en) * 2011-08-19 2016-05-11 Precision Energy Services Inc ROTARY-CONTROLLED ASSEMBLY INHIBITING A REVOLVING REVERSE DIRECTION OF THE NEEDLES OF A WATCH DURING DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
US9556679B2 (en) 2011-08-19 2017-01-31 Precision Energy Services, Inc. Rotary steerable assembly inhibiting counterclockwise whirl during directional drilling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2000464A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1969-09-05
NL6900861A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1969-07-22
DE1902363A1 (de) 1969-07-31
GB1212915A (en) 1970-11-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3563323A (en) Apparatus for borehole drilling
US4445578A (en) System for measuring downhole drilling forces
US4610307A (en) Method and apparatus for selectively straight or directional drilling in subsurface rock formation
US5065826A (en) Apparatus for optional straight or directional drilling underground formations
US4880067A (en) Apparatus for drilling a curved borehole
US3888319A (en) Control system for a drilling apparatus
US4732223A (en) Controllable downhole directional drilling tool
US3092188A (en) Directional drilling tool
EP2553204B1 (en) Bending of a shaft of a steerable borehole drilling tool
DE69636054T2 (de) Drehbohrsystem in geschlossener schleife
USRE33660E (en) Apparatus for drilling a curved borehole
US7287605B2 (en) Steerable drilling apparatus having a differential displacement side-force exerting mechanism
US5778987A (en) Guided drilling system with shock absorber
DK0819205T3 (da) Retningsstyreredskab til overfladestyret brøndboring
US5038872A (en) Drill steering apparatus
US5320179A (en) Steering sub for flexible drilling
US5343967A (en) Apparatus for optional straight or directional drilling underground formations
US4629012A (en) Drainhole drilling assembly
US3721305A (en) Support means for mast mounted drill
US3880246A (en) Optionally stabilized drilling tool, and method of use
GB2113275A (en) Measuring downhole drilling forces
SU1693225A1 (ru) Съемна отклон юща компоновка
US4715454A (en) Mechanical directional drilling jar with swivel means
US3587756A (en) Geodynamic wing
US20120199399A1 (en) Casing rotary steerable system for drilling