US3562783A - Process for making agglomerates from coal using coal extract as binder - Google Patents

Process for making agglomerates from coal using coal extract as binder Download PDF

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Publication number
US3562783A
US3562783A US624472A US3562783DA US3562783A US 3562783 A US3562783 A US 3562783A US 624472 A US624472 A US 624472A US 3562783D A US3562783D A US 3562783DA US 3562783 A US3562783 A US 3562783A
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coal
binder
kiln
extract
agglomerates
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US624472A
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English (en)
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Everett Gorin
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Consolidation Coal Co
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Consolidation Coal Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/08—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form in the form of briquettes, lumps and the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A process for making agglomerates from non-caking or weakly caking coals which includes tumbling in a rotary kiln, at an elevated forming temperature, carbonaceous material obtained from the coal feedstock and a binder also obtained from the coal feedstock to form green agglomerates.
  • the binder contains a nondistillable coal extract fraction which is fluid at the forming temperature in the kiln.
  • the nondistillable coal extract fraction is obtained by solvent extraction of the coal feedstock.
  • This invention relates to the production of formcokev from non-caking or weakly caking coals, and, more particularly, to the production of a formcoke which is suitable for use in conventional blast furnaces.
  • the process of this invention is an adaptation to non-caking or weakly caking coals of the process described and claimed in United States Patent 3,073,751 for the production of formcoke from caking bituminous coals.
  • formcoke is applied to coke which is obtained by the calcination of preformed or preshaped carbonaceous solids.
  • the term is used to distinguish from coke obtained as broken pieces of all sizes and shapes from conventional coke ovens.
  • preforrning or preshaping carbonaceous solids for example, by rollers, or by molds, that is, briquetting.
  • the present invention is concerned particularly with the method of preforming which involves the use of a rotating, substantially horizontal, cylindrical kiln, that is, hot pelletizing.
  • the carbonaceous solids in a plastic condition, are tumbled to form dis crete agglomerates or pellets of a generally spherical shape.
  • green agglomerates may then be calcined to form formcoke, not only of predetermined size and shape, but also of great strength.
  • the carbonaceous solids used in the production of formcoke may be the different kinds of coal, including lignite, or they may be the solid distillation residues of coal, commonly called chars, or they may be mixtures of coal and char. Also, as we shall more fully describe later, they may include the carbonaceous solid residues from solvent extraction of coal.
  • these various and sundry carbonaceous solids In order for these various and sundry carbonaceous solids to form green agglomerates in the rotary kiln, they must be, at least momentarily, in a plastic or sticky state. Such a plastic state or condition may be created by the extraneous addition of a binder or by the autogenous formation of a binder from the carbonaceous solid itself.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for making formcoke from a weakly caking or a non-caking coal, using only materials derived from the coal itself.
  • a suitable binder in adequate amount is provided for the formation in a rotary kiln of green agglomerates from a weakly caking or noncaking coal.
  • the binder is derived in the following manner: the tar product obtained from the agglomerate formation step and from the calcining step is fractionated to yield a distillate tar fraction and pitch, which serves as a part of the binder required.
  • the distillate tar fraction is mixed with at least a part of the feed coal at elevated temperature to form an extract and a solid residue.
  • the residue is separated from the extract, and the extract is heated to separate solvent and tars.
  • the binder may be characterized as a nondistillable tar fraction derived from the coal which is fluid at the forming temperature in the kiln, but which decomposes with time at forming temperatures to leave a substantial carbon residue.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings are schematic flow sheets of preferred embodiments of the present invention as applied to a non-caking coal and a weakly caking coal, respectively.
  • FIG. 1 a process which is adapted for use with non-caking coals, in contrast to Weakly caking coals, is schematically illustrated.
  • this process preferably all the feed coal is subjected to pre-extraction with a solvent to yield an extract suitable as a binder.
  • the numbers parenthetically associated in the figure with certain of the materials are illustrative of the material balance obtainable based upon the experimental work to date.
  • One hundred pounds of finely divided non-caking coal (on a moistureand ash-free basis, i.e., MAF) containing 8.31 pounds ash were introduced into a coal extraction zone 10 through a conduit 12.
  • the function of the extraction zone is to split the coal into an extract and a solid carbonaceous residue by means of treatment with a coal solvent at elevated temperature, generally in the range between 350 and 400 C. At 380 C. for example, between 30 and 40 percent by weight of the feed coal may be obtained as extract.
  • the particular procedure, however, for splitting the coal into extract and residue is not of the essence so far as the present invention is concerned. Generally, it includes heating the coal in a closed retort with a solvent derived from the process itself, as will be seen. As much extract is produced as it is convenient to do so without the extraneous addition of hydrogen. Depths of extraction approaching 50 percent may be reached without such hydrogen addition.
  • the products of extraction, together with solvent, are transferred to a separation zone through a conduit 14.
  • the residue is separated from the extract by filtration or by centrifugation, for example.
  • the extract while still dissolved in the solvent, is conducted via a conduit 16 to a solvent recovery zone 20.
  • a solvent recovery zone 20 In this zone, most of the solvent is recovered by distillation and recycled by a conduit 18 to the inlet pipe 12. Make-up solvent is added to the same inlet pipe as needed through a conduit 22.
  • the separated extract which is essentially nondistillable, amounting to pounds, together with 5.3 pounds of solvent which has polymerized to a nondistillable liquid due to its exposure to high temperature and by interaction with the coal, is transferred through a conduit 24 to a liquid binder feed pipe 26 leading to the agglomerating rotary kiln 25.
  • Recycle pitch in the amount of 10.7 pounds derived in a manner to be described shortly is also conveyed by the same liquid binder feed pipe 26.
  • a total of 51 pounds of binder is introduced into the kiln concurrently with char derived from the extract residue, as will now be described.
  • the residue recovered in the separation zone 15 is transported through a line 28 to a low temperature carbonization zone 30.
  • This zone operates at about 925 F., its function being to convert the residue to char and tar.
  • the char is transferred by a line 32 to a char heating zone 35 wherein the char is heated to a temperature of about 1200" F. by combustion with air introduced through a pipe 34.
  • the hot char in the amount of 57.5 pounds, is carried by a conduit 36 to the rotary kiln 25.
  • the rotary kiln 25 is adapted to rotate about its longitudinal axis and serves to tumble the hot char and pitch together as they advance through the kiln.
  • the tempera ture of the char as introduced is selected so as to maintain the temperature of the tumbling mixture adiabatically at about 775 F.
  • a full description of the operation of this kiln for the purpose of forming agglomerates is given in United States Patent No. 3,073,751.
  • Green agglomerates having a predetermined size are withdrawn through an outlet pipe 38 and fed to a calcining zone 40 where they are heated to an elevated temperature sufiiciently high to remove substantially all volatile matter.
  • the calcined product is withdrawn through a pipe 4.
  • the amount so withdrawn is 64.1 pounds of formcoke on a moistureand ashfree basis.
  • the formcoke contained 8.3 pounds of ash.
  • Off-size agglomerates are recycled through a conduit 39 to the low temperature carbonization zone 30.
  • the solvent for the extraction of the coal in the extraction zone 10 is derived as follows: Tar is produced in the low temperature carbonization zone 30, the rotary kiln 26, and the calciner 40. This tar is conducted by conduits 42, 43, 44 and 45 to a tar recovery zone 46 where any gas is separated and discharged through a conduit 47. The tar itself is transferred via a pipe 48 to a fractionating still 50. The latter serves to split the tar into a light overhead distillate boiling below 230 C. and amounting to 4.4 pounds, a middle distillate portion boiling between 230 and 400 C. and amounting to 7.3 pounds, and lastly, a pitch fraction in the amount of 10.7 pounds. The middle distillate fraction supplies the make-up solvent for the extraction zone, while the pitch fraction is recycled directly to the kiln to act as binder.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawings a process which is especially adapted for use with weakly caking coals, in contrast to non-caking coals, is schematically illustrated.
  • the numbers used in FIG. 2, Wherever the same as in FIG. 1, designate the same or corresponding parts of the embodiment. Since the coal in this instance is weakly caking, it can supply part of the necessary binder autogenously in the kiln during the agglomerating step. Accordingly, it is not necessary to send all the coal to the extraction zone 10. A part is fed directly via a conduit into the kiln. 25 for admixture with char and the supplemental binder in the tumbling zone inside the kiln.
  • the improvement comprising subjecting at least a portion of the feed coal to treatment with a solvent at an elevated temperature to yield a solid residue and a coal extract containing a non-distillable fraction which is fluid at the forming temperature in the kiln, separating said solid residue from said coal extract, introducing said nondistillable coal extract fraction into the kiln to serve as at least part of said carbonaceous binder for said carbonaceous solids, subjecting said solid residue to low temperature carbonization to produce char and tar, and introducing at least a portion of said char into said kiln to serve as at least part of said carbonaceous solids.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
US624472A 1966-03-28 1967-03-20 Process for making agglomerates from coal using coal extract as binder Expired - Lifetime US3562783A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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GB03571/66A GB1172693A (en) 1966-03-28 1966-03-28 A Process for Making Formcoke From Non-Caking Coals.

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BE (1) BE696029A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE1671366B2 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1172693A (OSRAM)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3946098A (en) * 1972-12-11 1976-03-23 Metallurgical Processes Ltd. Preparation of feed material for a blast furnace
US3970541A (en) * 1973-12-17 1976-07-20 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Gas extraction of coal
US4030982A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-06-21 Consolidation Coal Company Process of making formcoke from non-caking or weakly caking coals
US4094746A (en) * 1971-12-06 1978-06-13 United States Steel Corporation Coal-conversion process
US4135983A (en) * 1970-12-28 1979-01-23 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for improving coking property of coal for use in production of cokes
US4138223A (en) * 1977-12-15 1979-02-06 Continental Oil Company Manufacture of pellets from coal liquefaction products
US4138221A (en) * 1977-12-15 1979-02-06 Continental Oil Company Manufacture of pellets from coal conversion products
US4201655A (en) * 1976-12-17 1980-05-06 Continental Oil Company Process for making metallurgical coke
US4243488A (en) * 1975-05-21 1981-01-06 Mitsui Coke Co., Ltd. Coke compositions and process for manufacturing same
US4248669A (en) * 1978-08-21 1981-02-03 Continental Oil Company Process for making metallurgical coke using fluidizer char
US4420445A (en) * 1980-07-10 1983-12-13 Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Coal pellets production
WO1998027186A1 (en) * 1996-12-18 1998-06-25 Minpro Australia N.L. Coal processing method

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135983A (en) * 1970-12-28 1979-01-23 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for improving coking property of coal for use in production of cokes
US4094746A (en) * 1971-12-06 1978-06-13 United States Steel Corporation Coal-conversion process
US3946098A (en) * 1972-12-11 1976-03-23 Metallurgical Processes Ltd. Preparation of feed material for a blast furnace
US3970541A (en) * 1973-12-17 1976-07-20 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Gas extraction of coal
US4243488A (en) * 1975-05-21 1981-01-06 Mitsui Coke Co., Ltd. Coke compositions and process for manufacturing same
US4030982A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-06-21 Consolidation Coal Company Process of making formcoke from non-caking or weakly caking coals
US4201655A (en) * 1976-12-17 1980-05-06 Continental Oil Company Process for making metallurgical coke
US4138223A (en) * 1977-12-15 1979-02-06 Continental Oil Company Manufacture of pellets from coal liquefaction products
US4138221A (en) * 1977-12-15 1979-02-06 Continental Oil Company Manufacture of pellets from coal conversion products
US4248669A (en) * 1978-08-21 1981-02-03 Continental Oil Company Process for making metallurgical coke using fluidizer char
US4420445A (en) * 1980-07-10 1983-12-13 Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Coal pellets production
WO1998027186A1 (en) * 1996-12-18 1998-06-25 Minpro Australia N.L. Coal processing method

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Publication number Publication date
GB1172693A (en) 1969-12-03
DE1671366A1 (de) 1971-09-09
BE696029A (OSRAM) 1967-09-25
DE1671366B2 (de) 1976-04-22

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