US3559973A - Gas cupola furnace - Google Patents

Gas cupola furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3559973A
US3559973A US613166A US3559973DA US3559973A US 3559973 A US3559973 A US 3559973A US 613166 A US613166 A US 613166A US 3559973D A US3559973D A US 3559973DA US 3559973 A US3559973 A US 3559973A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cupola furnace
shaft
gas
molten metal
metal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US613166A
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English (en)
Inventor
Vladimir Alexandrovich Grachev
Anatoly Alexeevich Cherny
Lev Mikhailovich Marienbakh
Ivan Lukich Kurbatsky
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from SU1052599A external-priority patent/SU236716A1/ru
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
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Publication of US3559973A publication Critical patent/US3559973A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/08—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces heated otherwise than by solid fuel mixed with charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/02—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in low shaft furnaces or shaft furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of metallurgy. and more particularly to methods of melting metals and to gas cupola furnaces for effecting the same.
  • a gas cupola furnace constructed according to the Soviet Authors Certificate No. l67.ol 3. Class 3 la l/Ol.
  • the shaft of this cupola furnace is provided with two shoulders: the lower for maintaining the column of the charge materials and the upper one for preventing the charge from falling into the lower part of the cupola furnace, being essentially a chamber for superheating the molten metalA
  • the melting and superheating of the metal are carried out in the cupola furnace shaft when firing a gaseous fuel in its lower part.
  • This cupola furnace is suitable for providing molten metal heated to a temperature sufficient for casting thinwalled parts.
  • the production capacity of the gas cupola furnace is thereby higher than that of a coke cupola furnace of the same dimensions. while it is simpler as to its design and occupies a smaller floor area.
  • An object of the present invention is to eliminate the abovementioned disadvantages.
  • Other objects and advantages of the invention will become more fully apparent from a consideration of the following description thereof.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide a method of making metal in a gas cupola furnace, enabling control of the chemical composition of the metal by carrying out the operations of modifying, alloying, refining ⁇ and deoxidizing thc molten metal, eliminating the harmful impurities thereof and adding to it useful constituents without a decrease in the temperature of the metal thus produced.
  • a gas cupola furnace which is suitable for effecting the introduction of the above-mentioned reagents into the liquid metal to be superheated in the cupola furnace.
  • This object is accomplished by the provision of a method of making metal in a gas cupola furnace, comprising superheating the molten metal; and directly introducing into the molten metal the reagents capable of varying the chemical composition of metal. Said reagents can be added to the metal by blowing them therethrough. The reagents can be introduced into a gaseous carrier, and thus they may be blown into the molten metal or brought on the surface of the metal bath, pro ⁇ vided that there exists a contact between the gaseous carrier andthe molten metal.
  • lt is expedient to preheat the reagents before their addition into the molten metal to be superheated in the cupola furnace.
  • Hydrocarbons ⁇ which are employed as a reagent. may be heated up to a temperature at which the cracking process starts, and thereafter they are to be added to the molten metal superheated in the cupola furnace. lt is expedient to add the reagents. contributing to the formation of graphite of spheroidal shape in the metal for instance ⁇ magnesium vapors, into the molten metal which is to be superheated in the cupola furnace.
  • the method is carried into effect in a gas cupola furnace, provided with channels ⁇ adapted for supplying said reagents into the molten metal to be superheated in the cupola furnace.
  • said channels communicating with the vessel intended for the reagents and with the cavity ofthe superheating chamber.
  • the channels intended to supply the reagents into the molten metal which is to be superheated in the cupola furnace, may be provided in the walls or in the walls and hearth ofthe superheating chamber,
  • the vessels with the reagents may be connected to a tuyere or a tunnel for burning the gaseous fuel.
  • FIG. l is a longitudinal section of the gas cupola furnace ⁇ according to the present invention.
  • FlG. 2 shows the same cupola furnace. in a cross-sectional view taken along the line ll-ll of FIG. l.
  • the gas cupola furnace is provided with a lower shoulder l (FIG. l) intended to maintain the column of charge materials and an upper shoulder 2 intended to prevent the charge from falling into the lower part of the cupola furnace shaft, i.e. the chamber for superheating the molten metal.
  • the shoulders Disposed in the shaft of the cupola furnace, the shoulders are provided with channels 3 and 4 to allow a coolant (water) to pass therethrough.
  • the bottom part of the shaft is provided with a hearth 5, made witha depression in the form of a well 6 to be filled with molten metal.
  • a forehearth 7 (FIG. 2) having a tunnel 8 for directing the combustible mixture.
  • a tuyere 9 is attached to the forehearth end.
  • the hearth of the cupola furnace is provided with channels l0 terminating in the well.
  • the channels are adapted for supplying reagents into the molten metal, ensuring the making of metal of the specified chemical composition.
  • Provided in the shaft lining arc channels ll. preferably in the form of pipes intended for heating the reagents prior to their addition into the molten metal.
  • Connected to the tuyere 9 is a hopper l2 for the powdered additives that are supplied into the gas-air combustible mixture through a channel 13.
  • a second hopper may be connected by means of a channel 14 with the forehearth tunnel.
  • a hopper or batcher l5 is connected by means of a channel 16 to the well of the molten metal on the cupola hearth.
  • the gas cupola furnace operates in the following manner.
  • a charge, consisting of metal and fluxes ⁇ is charged into the shaft of the cupola furnace.
  • Gas and air are supplied into the tuyeres, and their mixing is thereby effected.
  • the gas-air mixture thus obtained is burned in the tunnel. and. on arriving into the shaft ⁇ the mixture is caused to rise upwards to the charge, which thereby commences to be melted and to flow down from the lower shoulder in droplets into the hearth well.
  • the surface 0f metal in the well is continuously cleaned of slag which flows through a tap hole 17 into a reservoir 18,
  • the molten metal is superheated both at the surface cleaned of the slag and during the blowing therethrough ofthe products of combustion and preheated reagents supplied through the channels provided in the hearth.
  • the molten metal in the well is blown through a plurality of channels by a mixture composed of a gas and powdered additions that are supplied from the hopper or batcher l5.
  • the gas is employed to handle both the powdered and liquid materials that are, if necessary, supplied thereinto from the corresponding vessels.
  • hydrocarbons are subjected to cracking, while other reagents are preheated which favorably affects the process of making metal.
  • the reagents that are blown through the molten metal thus enable removal of the harmful impurities from the metal and introduction therein of the useful con stituents. The bubbling of the molten metal occurs thereby in the well.
  • the process of treating the molten metal to be superheated is carried out in a continuous manner, as a result of which in the cupola furnace there are effected the operations of carburization, modification. alloying, removal of sulfur, and from the metal, an increase in the content of silicon. manganese and other useful constituents. There appears the possibility to remove carbon when processing iron into steel, to deoxidize the metal ⁇ to remove the slag inclusions and to carry into effect continuously or periodically the complex metallurgical processes.
  • the metal is carburized by blowing through it graphite, calcium carbide or other carbonaceous materials. To remove sulfur from the metal.
  • a gas carrier is an inert or natural gas which is to be blown through the molten metal. Preheated when passing through channels ll the gas arrives in the metal along the channels l0. To increase the content of carbon in the metal and to deoxidize it calls for blowing hydrocarbons through the molten metal. When the metal is blown through by pure oxygen ⁇ its temperature is increased, while the contents of carbon, silicon and manganese are decreased.
  • the molten metal may be blown through by a gas-oxygen or a gasair mixture. or any other deoxidizers.
  • the powdered additions for example, fluxes, modifiers and other reagents
  • the powdered additions are to be introduced into the gas-air mixture prior to its arrival in the tunnel or during this operation.
  • the introduction into the tuyere flame of the powdered reagents is likely to increase the luminosity of the flame and their area of contact with the metal ⁇ and hence their efficiency of utilization.
  • the reagents such as vapors or dust of magnesium forming in the metal (iron) graphite of spheroidal shape, are to be blown through the molten metal in the well, which enables manufacture of a high-resistance iron.
  • This reagent may be introduced both through the channels l and ll, and through channels 16.
  • a gas cupola furnace adapted for containing superheated molted metal therein, said furnace comprising a shaft with a lining, a shoulder disposed in the median part of said shaft for maintaining a column of charge materials thereabove and form a preheating chamber, a second shoulder disposed above said first shoulder for preventing the charge from falling into the lower part of the shaft which constitutes a superheating chamber, a hearth provided with a depression in the form of a well, said hearth being disposed in the lower part of said superheating chamber, a forehearth proximate the lower part of said shaft, at least one tunnel in said forehearth for burning gaseous fuel therein, said tunnel leading to said superheating chamber, a tuyere connected to said tunnel, and channels extending directly into said well for supplying reagents into the molten metal to be superheated therein, and at least one reagent vessel communicating with said channels to supply reagent thereto and to said molten metal, said channels extending
  • a gas cupola furnace according to claim 1 comprising a further reagent vessel connected to said tuyere.
  • a gas cupola furnace according to claim l comprising a further reagent vessel connected to said tunnel for the combastion of gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
US613166A 1966-02-01 1967-02-01 Gas cupola furnace Expired - Lifetime US3559973A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU1052599A SU236716A1 (es) 1966-02-01
SU1052704A SU240946A1 (ru) 1966-02-01 Способ плавки чугуна в газовой вагранке
SU1087642A SU236494A1 (ru) 1966-06-27 Способ получения чугуна
SU1088888 1966-06-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3559973A true US3559973A (en) 1971-02-02

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ID=27484849

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US613166A Expired - Lifetime US3559973A (en) 1966-02-01 1967-02-01 Gas cupola furnace

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US3559973A (es)
BE (1) BE693498A (es)
NL (1) NL6701571A (es)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2562813A (en) * 1948-03-11 1951-07-31 Standard Oil Dev Co Continuous ore reducing and melting operation
US3418108A (en) * 1965-12-17 1968-12-24 Ind Science Corp Externally fired cupola furnace and method of operation thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2562813A (en) * 1948-03-11 1951-07-31 Standard Oil Dev Co Continuous ore reducing and melting operation
US3418108A (en) * 1965-12-17 1968-12-24 Ind Science Corp Externally fired cupola furnace and method of operation thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Soviet Author s Certificate, No. 167613, June 22, 1965 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6701571A (es) 1967-08-02
BE693498A (es) 1967-07-17

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