US3559595A

US3559595A - Incineration system for burnable liquids or sludges

Info

Publication number: US3559595A
Application number: US778401A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hermann Appelhans; Wolfgang Schumann
Original assignee: Polyma Maschinenbau Dr Appelhans GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Polyma Maschinenbau Dr Appelhans GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 1968-11-25
Filing date: 1968-11-25
Publication date: 1971-02-02
Anticipated expiration: 1988-02-02

Abstract

In an incineration system with an incineration muffle for burnable liquids or sludges of different heating value, different ignition temperature and/or different viscosity and which possibly contain nonburnable substances, an improved means to feed the material to be incinerated from the roof of the muffle characterized by a plurality of feed tubes depending through the roof with air feed devices being arranged closely adjacent thereto.

Description

United States Patent [72] Inventors Hermann Appelhans Kassel;

Wolfgang Schumann, Hannoversch- Munden, Germany Nov. 25, 1968 Feb. 2, 1971 Polyma Maschinebau, Dr. Appelhans G.m.b.l-l.

Frankfurt, Germany [21 Appl. No. [22] Filed v [45] Patented [73] Assignee [54] INCI'NERATION SYSTEM FOR BURNABLE uoutns on SLUDGES 4 Claims, 5 Drawing Figs.

[52] us. Cl 110/7 [51 in. C1. F23g 5/00 [50] Field ofSearch ..110/7,s,1s

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,195,608 7/1965 Voorheis et a1 1 10/7X 3,244,220 4/1966 Kloecker 1 l0/7X FOREIGN PATENTS 1,054,610 I/ l 967 Great Britain 110/7 Primary Examiner-Kenneth W. Sprague Attorney-Stevens, Davis, Miller & Mosher ABSTRACT: In an incineration system with an incineration muffle for burnable liquids or sludges of different heating value, different ignition temperature and/or different viscosity and which possibly contain nonbumable substances, an improved means to feed the material to be incinerated from the roof of the muffle characterized by a plurality of feed tubes depending through the roof with air feed devices being arranged closely adjacent thereto.

PATENTED FEB2 I971 3,559,595

gag z Z 0 10 "@Q Q HERMANN APPELHANS WOLFGANG SCHUMANN INVENTORS ATTORNEYS PATENTFQDF EB2 :sm 3559, 595

' sum 2 0r 3 FIG; 4

" HERMANN APPELHANS WOLFGANG SCHUMANN INVENTORS ATT RNEYS PATENTED FEB2 1971 saw 3 UF 3 HE RMANN APPELHANS WOLFGANG SCHUMANN IN VEN TORS SLUDGES The wide range of waste substances of a liquid or sludgelike character which are to be burned, such as emulsions, solvents,

b lubricating oils, cutting oils, electroplating muds and the like,

[must be considered. These substances differ from each other in their viscosity, calorific power, content of noncombustible substances and ignition temperature.

7 These substances have previously been homogenized and fed to a rotary kiln through an opening in its front wall. Insofar as incineration systems with combustion muffles or furnaces areiused for the elimination of waste oil and sludgelike substances, the substances to be incinerated must be allowed to i. enter from on top from a container or the like and possibly T-also by means of a pump into the muffle in the form of a jet of large cross section.

'Experience has shown that dependable ignition and in- -cineration cannot be obtained with the above-mentioned type of feed of the substances to be incinerated, particularly since 5 'higher demands have been made by the change in the applicable regulations with regard to the keeping of the air clean than 1 was previously the case.

The object of the present invention is to improve an in- J cineration system with an incineration muffle furnace for bumable liquids or sludges of different calorific power and/or different viscosity, possibly containing noncombustible sub stances so that, even in cases when the waste substances suptubes which pass through the ceiling of the incineration muffle furnace for the feeding of the bumable substances. In most cases two groups of, for instance five or six feed pipes, are provided between air feed lines which are arranged in annular manner in the wall of the combustion muffle furnace.

In the experiments carried out with an installation in accordance with the invention, it was found that it is advisable to arrange the feed pipes for the bumable substances concentrically in pipes through which additional combustion air is fed, the arrangement being such that the feed pipes for the air extend downward beyond the pipes for the feeding of the combustible materials and therefore into the muffle. A vacuum is thereby produced which substantially supports the conveyance of the bumable substances which in many cases are relatively viscous. In particular by this jet of air which surrounds the jet of fuel, the result is obtained that a depositing of impurities in the end of the feed pipe for the bumable substances is avoided even in the case, for instance, of oil sludge. It is therefore advisable to leave the air feed, which is arranged around the feed of the bumable materials, open for a time after the feed for the bumable materials has been closed. If, for reasons of dosagingone or more feeds for combustion material are no longer filled, the continued combustion air flow further removes traces of waste oil or oil sludge which drip off. At the same time the ends of the tubes for the air feed or the feeding of combustible materials which extend into the muffle are cooled so that no formation of scale takes place.

In order to facilitate the cleaning operations which must be carried out at certain time intervals, the feed for the bumable materials and the air feed possibly associated therewith are so developed that rapid removal and reassembling are possible.

The incineration system can be operated in such a manner that a mixture of the different waste materials which has been homogenized in known manner is fed to it and distributed over the different pipes of a group or of several groups. The feed pressure is so selected that the quantity corresponding to the desired rate of flow is introduced into the system. Atomization does not take place particularly since the feed tubes for the bumable substances do not have any reduction of the cross section at the outlet end.

The apparatus in accordance with the invention can however also be operated in accordance with a method which has not been theretofore known in the art. In this case, burnable substances of different properties are fed to the individual feed tubes, for instance a thinly liquid substance which may have a lower ignition temperature is fed to one feed tube while a more viscous substance which can be ignited only with difficulty and which has only a low calorific power is fed to another feed tube of the same group. In this way it is possible to cause different waste materials of very different properties to burn without being mixed with each other. Homogenized mixtures of different properties can also be fed to different tubes of a feed group.

By the manner of operation possible with the new apparatus, particular advantages are obtained when it is desired to incinerate combustible material of low heating value which requires an assisting of the fire. Thus, for instance, solvents can be allowed to flow into the muffle through two inlets which lie approximately in the same cross section of the muffle on both sides of its longitudinal axis, in which connection for instance a flame temperature of about 1600 C is present. This flame promotes the combustion of a drilling oil emulsion of high water content and correspondingly low heating value which enters through another feed tube.

The incineration system is subdivided so that the first part, in which the slag is obtained, is easier to clean. The second part of the system is developed as an aftercombustion chamber which is at right angles to the first part of the system. Both parts are developed as muffle and equipped with a number of air feed rings by means of which the course of the combustion and the combustion temperatures can be substantially controlled. The number of air feed rings and the cross section made available by them is so selected that the air feed capacity is more than the air requirement to be normally expected; as a result it is possible to obtain excellent combustion even in difficult cases. The exhaust gases can be drawn off from the aftercombustion chamber by an induced draft which is arranged behind the electric filter in which the precipitation of the dust takes place.

The means for accomplishing the foregoing objects and other advantages, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, are set forth in the following specification and claims, and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings dealing with a basic embodiment of the present invention. Reference is made now to the drawings in which:

FIGS. 1 and 2 are a side elevation and a top view, respectively, of the incineration muffles of the incineration system with the feeds for the substances to be incinerated arranged in groups;

FIG. 3 is a section view taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a section view taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 5 shows in partial section a tube for the feeding of combustible material, arranged concentrically in a tube for the feed of additional combustion air.

Only the incineration muffle 1 of the incineration system is shown in the drawings. The system consists of the tank device, the charging device, the incineration muffle 1, the aftercombustion chamber, the ash removal device and the exhaust-gas, dust-precipitation system.

The charging device comprises a collecting tank, storage containers, pumps and conduits as well as a mixing container with a circulating pump. The material supplied for incineration, for instance solvents, waste oil, emulsions, oil sludges, is pumped into the containers provided for it and mixed as required in the mixing container unless-as mentioned above- -incineration of the supplied substances through separate feeds is effected.

From the mixing container, or else from one of the storage containers, the material to be incinerated is fed into the incineration muffle 1. The entrance into the muffle takes place through the pipes 2 which pass through the roof of the muffle perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis thereof. The cross sections of the tube are so selected that, in case of conveyance under pump pressure, smooth introduction of the material takes place without atomization.

In the embodiments shown (cf. FIGS. 1 and 2) leads 2 for the liquid or sludgelike substances to be incinerated are arranged in groups on the top or in the roof of the muffle 1 between the

air feeds

3, and 6. The air feeds 5 and 6 are arranged in ring shape in the muffle wall and air feed 3 is on the front end of the muffle. In FIG. 2, the leads 10, for additional air, are shown surrounding the tubes 2. This air feed also contains additional parts which are illustrated in detail in FIG. 5.

FIG. 3 shows the structure of the air feed ring 6 which surrounds the muffle on the sides and on top. Radial channels 16 extend from the ring 6 into the inside of the muffle 1.

FIG. 4 shows the face wall of the muffle l with the air feeds 3 and the supporting burners 4 which may be provided in a known manner. It is advisable, after shutting off of the supporting flame, to continue to feed air through the air feeds 24 of the supporting burners 4 in order to assure complete combustion.

The feed tube 2 (cf. FIG. 5) is connected via the elbow 26 and the pipe coupling 25 to the feed line for the material to be incinerated which is a branch line and can be closed off by the slide valve 13. The distributor is not shown.

An annular chamber 9 is welded concentrically about the tube 2 for the feeding of additional air which is connected via a connection 8 and the pipe coupling 15 to the air feed line containing the shutoff slide valve 14.

The air tube, which is formed by the welding together of the parts and 11, bears at its upper end a flange 17 which faces the flange 18 on the annular chamber 9. The air tube 10 can be fastened by means of the clamping ring 12 which is arranged on the roof of the muffle 1.

By loosening the

parts

12, 15, 17, 18 and 25 an easy and rapid disassembly and reassembling of the parts serving for the feeding of the incineratable material and air is possible.

The lining of the muffle is designated 27 and may be of any suitable conventional material. The connection 28 (cf. FIGS. 1 and 2) connects the muffle l with the aftercombustion chamber (not shown).

In the incineration of substances of different properties, it is advantageous to feed the more readily igniting substances or better burning substances through those tubes which lie closer to the front side of the muffle in order to thereby support the incineration of the more difficultly bumable or ignitable substances which are fed nearer to the center of the muffle.

The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiment is therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not-restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore to be embraced therein.

We claim:

1. In an incineration system having an incineration muffle for bumable liquids or sludges of different heating values, different ignition temperatures and/or different viscosity and which may contain nonburnable substances, an improved feed means for feeding the material to be incinerated to said muffle, said feed means comprising a plurality of material feed tubes passing through the top side of said muffle and disposed to drop said material in free fall onto the hearth of said muflle, first air feed means mounted in the front end of said mufi'le, and at least one second air feed means arranged to feed air into said muffle from the top and both sides.

2. The apparatus according to claim I in which said material feed tubes are arranged in grou s, at least one of said second alr feed means being positione between two groups of said material feed tubes and at least one of said second air feed means being positioned between the last of said groups and exhaust.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 in which said feed means comprises a plurality of combustion air tubes each of which is arranged concentrically about a material feed tube, said combustion air tubes depending into said muffle beyond the material feed tubes.

4. An apparatus according to claim 3 in which each said combustion air tube further comprises an annular chamber at its upper end, said chamber having one end sealingly engaging said material feed tube and the other end opening into said combustion air tube, pipe coupling means connecting a combustion air source to said annular chamber, means for detachably mounting said combustion air tube on said mufile, and second pipe coupling means connecting said material feed tube to a material source.

Claims

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 in which said material feed tubes are arranged in groups, at least one of said second air feed means being positioned between two groups of said material feed tubes and at least one of said second air feed means being positioned between the last of said groups and exhaust.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 in which said feed means comprises a plurality of combustion air tubes each of which is arranged concentrically about a material feed tube, said combustion air tubes depending into said muffle beyond the material feed tubes.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3 in which each said combustion air tube further comprises an annular chamber at its upper end, said chamber having one end sealingly engaging said material feed tube and the other end opening into said combustion air tube, pipe coupling means connecting a combustion air source to said annular chamber, means for detachably mounting said combustion air tube on said muffle, and second pipe coupling means connecting said material feed tube to a material source.