US3556204A - Air cooled surface condenser - Google Patents
Air cooled surface condenser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3556204A US3556204A US827837A US3556204DA US3556204A US 3556204 A US3556204 A US 3556204A US 827837 A US827837 A US 827837A US 3556204D A US3556204D A US 3556204DA US 3556204 A US3556204 A US 3556204A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tube means
- downflow
- condenser
- reflux
- tubes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
- F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
- F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
- F28B2001/065—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium with secondary condenser, e.g. reflux condenser or dephlegmator
Definitions
- ABSTRACT An air-cooled surface condenser has a supply of cooling air which is varied in accordance with the temperature of the condensate to thereby diminish the possibilities of freezeup at below normal ambient temperatures.
- the condenser has at least two downflow tubes and one reflux tube with the tubes so arranged that the cooling air travels first over the reflux tube and then sequentially over the first and second downfiow tubes, and with the tubes being of such dimensions that condensate is formed in the reflux tube.
- the air supply can be varied in response to drop in condensate temperature at the first downflow tube and thus assure that the air, before reaching those portions of the first downflow tube where condensate has formed, has a temperature which has been elevated by the latent heat of condensation within the reflux tube.
- the condenser embodying the present invention includes at least two downflow tubes which are located on the downstream side of one or more reflux tubes with respect to airflow-overkthe tubes.
- DESCRIPTIONIOF rri'eoR wlNo The drawing is a cross-sectional view of a condenser section taken in the plane of airflow, and the levels at which condensation has been completed in the tubes peratures are shown bythe dotted lines.
- the illustrated condenser has top and'bottom headers 10 and 12, respectively, which are connected byrows (one row only being shown) of four finned condenser tubes of the usual design.
- the topheader is divided intoan inletchamber 14 which is connected to a source of steam or vapor and an exit at various airflow temchamber 16 which is provided with appropriate exit ports for the nonconden sableigases.
- the bottomhe'ader has only one chamber, 18 which provides communication between all of the condenser tubes and which serves tocollect anddrain the condensate.
- the condenser may be classified in that it incorporates two downflow tubes 20fand22 andtwo reflux tubes 24 and 26.
- a variablespe'ed or'variable volume blower 30 is positioned to provide cooling airflow in a path asa mixed flow condenser generallygtransverse to thetubes 20, 22,. '24 and 26.
- blower is connected to a temperature sensing device32 which senses the condensate temperature which may accumulate in a small cup 34 below tube 20 or, if maybe located insidethe bottom end of tube 20. Temperature sensingdevice32 can be ring in the second downflow tube.22. The reason for this.
- the air flowreaching the first downflow tube may be divided into a "cold" section, which has passed over-those sections of the reflux tubes which are above levels f and e and a warm" section, which is that air which has passed over the reflux tube sections between their inlets and levels f and e.
- a warm section which is that air which has passed over the reflux tube sections between their inlets and levels f and e.
- the steam-air temperature gradient at that portion of the first downflow tube which is impinged by the "cold" airflow 1 will be sufficient to cause complete condensation at level g in tube 20.
- the latent heat'of condensation of the perature sensing device 32 must reduce the airflow to prevent the condensate being subcooled to the freezing point at the bottom of tube 20. If not, ice will form in the lower portion of the tube 20, Le. below level g.
- This invention proposes to solve this problem of freezeup due to subcooling by controlling the flow-of air, and thus the amount of heat transfer, such that the complete condensation level in the reflux tubes overlaps the complete condensation level in the downflow tubes; as illustrated so that level f (or f and e) is higher than level g.
- level f or f and e
- the warm" portion of the airflow which impinges on the lower portion of the first downflow tube prevents subcooling to a degree which would otherwise cause'freezing of the condensate in the tube section below level g.
- the prevention of full or complete condensation in the second downflow tube is, of course, essential since that tube must supply steam to the reflux tubes to permit condensation" therein and, thus, the transfer of latent heat to the flowing air at the lower sections of the reflux tubes. 7
- probe 32 is designed to sense the temperature of the condensate as it leaves tube 20 and to cause the blower to decrease the airflow at times when the condensate temperature drops sufficiently low to indicate that level g is approaching level f.
- a decrease in airflow either by decrease in blower speed or volume of air intake, will in turn cause an increase in the air temperature at tubes 24 and 26 and thereby raise the full condensation levels in the reflux tubes and correspondingly lower the full condensation level in tube 20.
- the sequential arrangement of the tubes and the control of the fan in response to the downflow tube condensate temperature permits the system to be maintained in a balance which maintains a sufficiently wide warm" air path to cover at least that portion of the first downflow tube in which condensation has been completed.
- Temperature sensing device 32 by responding to change in temperature of the condensate at the bottom of tube 20 automatically keeps the system in balance upon changes in air temperature or upon changes in vapor temperature or load.
- freezeup problems which are encountered in the downflow tubes result from the fact that condensate flow is in the same direction as the steam or vapor flow.
- the condensate flow in the reflux tubes is in the opposite direction of the steam or vapor flow.
- the freezeup problems in absence of a maintenance of the aforementioned balance, will normally be first encountered at the bottom of the first'downflow tube and not in the reflux tubes, despite the fact that the air which impinges upon the reflux tubes is at a lower temperature than that which impinges upon the first downflow tube.
- first and second downflow tube means communicating at their top ends with a source of vapor and communicating at their bottom ends with a. condensate collecting chamber; l
- tube means being so positioned relative to each other and with respect to the direction of airflow that the coo
- temperature change sensing means positioned to sense temperature changes within the condenser and operably con nected to said flow generating means to cause said generating means to vary said airflow in response to such temperature changes.
- said first and second downflow tube means and said reflux tube means are so dimensioned as to cause condensation to be completed within said reflux tube means as well as within said first downflow tube means at relatively low cooling air temperatures;
- said temperature change sensing means positioned to sense temperature changes in the condensate of said first downflow tube means; and wherein said flow generating means diminishumbled cooling airflow in response to a decrease in said first downflow tube means condensate temperature below a predetermined temperature.
- a condenser according to claim 2 wherein said first and second downflow tube means and said reflux tube means are generally of equal length and extend generally parallel to each other between a top header and a bottom header of the condenser and being arranged at an angle to the horizontal, with said top header having an inlet chamber and an exit chamber and with said inlet chamber including means for communication with said source of vapor and with said two downflow tube means, and with said exit chamber being provided with exit port means to permit escape of the noncondensables'from the condenser; and with said bottom header being provided with said condensate collecting chamber which is in communication with said two downflow tube means and with said reflux tube means.
- a condenser according to claim 3 wherein said reflux tube means has a plurality of reflux tubes which are aligned in succession with respect to said cooling airflow, and wherein the number of reflux tubes equals the sum of the tubes contained in said first and second downflow tube means.
- a condenser according to claim 4 wherein a separate condensate collecting means is provided at the exit of said first downflow tube means, said separate collecting means intercepting the condensate of said first downflow tube means; wherein, said temperature change sensing means is positioned to sense the condensate temperature in said separate collecting means.
- a condenser according to claim 1 wherein said temperature change sensing means is operative to control said airflow generating means such that the level of complete condensation in said reflux tube means overlaps the level of complete condensation in said first downflow tube means so that the temperature of the cooling air impinging on said first downflow tube means below said complete condensation level will have been raised by passage over the portion of said reflux tube means below said complete condensation level of said reflux tube.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US82783769A | 1969-05-26 | 1969-05-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3556204A true US3556204A (en) | 1971-01-19 |
Family
ID=25250298
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US827837A Expired - Lifetime US3556204A (en) | 1969-05-26 | 1969-05-26 | Air cooled surface condenser |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3556204A (en) |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3732692A (en) * | 1971-02-05 | 1973-05-15 | H Norell | Energy beam generator |
JPS4985405A (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1974-08-16 | ||
US4202405A (en) * | 1972-09-25 | 1980-05-13 | Hudson Products Corporation | Air cooled condenser |
US4385658A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1983-05-31 | Carrier Corporation | Fluid temperature measuring device |
US4416323A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1983-11-22 | Conoco Inc. | Air cooler freeze protection |
US4690207A (en) * | 1984-11-14 | 1987-09-01 | Balcke-Durr Aktiengesellschaft | Natural-draft cooling tower with forced-draft flow over reflux condensers |
US4815296A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1989-03-28 | Ormat Turbines (1965), Ltd. | Heat exchanger for condensing vapor containing non-condensable gases |
US4903491A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1990-02-27 | Larinoff Michael W | Air-cooled vacuum steam condenser |
US4905474A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1990-03-06 | Larinoff Michael W | Air-cooled vacuum steam condenser |
US4909309A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-03-20 | Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet | Air condenser installation |
US6056882A (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 2000-05-02 | Scalliet; Robert | Process of breaking a sludge emulsion with a ball mill followed by separation |
US6142223A (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 2000-11-07 | Energiagazdalkodasi Reszvenytarsasag | Air-cooled condenser |
US6267795B1 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-07-31 | John Givargis | Air cleaning system |
US6332494B1 (en) | 1997-10-16 | 2001-12-25 | Energiagazdalkodasi Reszvenytarsasag | Air-cooled condenser |
US6613130B2 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2003-09-02 | G.E.N. Industries Corp | Filtering system for removing combustion gases from an airflow |
US20060086092A1 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-04-27 | Fay H P | Air-cooled condensing system and method |
US20060086490A1 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-04-27 | Fay H P | Fin tube assembly for air-cooled condensing system and method of making same |
US20090242297A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | Tatsuhiko Asano | Arrangement structure of radiator reservoir tank of motorcycle |
US20100301034A1 (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2010-12-02 | Duke Manufacturing Co. | Convection oven |
EP2429690A1 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2012-03-21 | SPX Cooling Technologies Inc. | Natural draft air cooled steam condenser and method |
US20130108971A1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-02 | Varidigm Corporation | Rooftop high-efficiency gas furnace control with condensate management |
US20140034273A1 (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2014-02-06 | Shanxi Electric Power Research Institute | Evaporative condenser radiating module for steam exhaust of a steam turbine |
DE102017212588A1 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-24 | Mahle International Gmbh | Plant for tempering an energy storage |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1911375A (en) * | 1930-03-14 | 1933-05-30 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Fluid heater and method of operating the same |
US2614816A (en) * | 1947-02-24 | 1952-10-21 | Engineering Controls Inc | Condenser |
US3175960A (en) * | 1960-08-16 | 1965-03-30 | Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh | Air cooled condenser for distilling apparatus |
US3231013A (en) * | 1961-01-27 | 1966-01-25 | Licencia Talalmanyokat | Controlling the heat exchangers of air condensation apparatus |
-
1969
- 1969-05-26 US US827837A patent/US3556204A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1911375A (en) * | 1930-03-14 | 1933-05-30 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Fluid heater and method of operating the same |
US2614816A (en) * | 1947-02-24 | 1952-10-21 | Engineering Controls Inc | Condenser |
US3175960A (en) * | 1960-08-16 | 1965-03-30 | Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh | Air cooled condenser for distilling apparatus |
US3231013A (en) * | 1961-01-27 | 1966-01-25 | Licencia Talalmanyokat | Controlling the heat exchangers of air condensation apparatus |
Cited By (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3732692A (en) * | 1971-02-05 | 1973-05-15 | H Norell | Energy beam generator |
US4202405A (en) * | 1972-09-25 | 1980-05-13 | Hudson Products Corporation | Air cooled condenser |
JPS4985405A (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1974-08-16 | ||
US4416323A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1983-11-22 | Conoco Inc. | Air cooler freeze protection |
US4385658A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1983-05-31 | Carrier Corporation | Fluid temperature measuring device |
US4690207A (en) * | 1984-11-14 | 1987-09-01 | Balcke-Durr Aktiengesellschaft | Natural-draft cooling tower with forced-draft flow over reflux condensers |
US4815296A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1989-03-28 | Ormat Turbines (1965), Ltd. | Heat exchanger for condensing vapor containing non-condensable gases |
US4903491A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1990-02-27 | Larinoff Michael W | Air-cooled vacuum steam condenser |
US4905474A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1990-03-06 | Larinoff Michael W | Air-cooled vacuum steam condenser |
US4909309A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-03-20 | Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet | Air condenser installation |
US6142223A (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 2000-11-07 | Energiagazdalkodasi Reszvenytarsasag | Air-cooled condenser |
US6056882A (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 2000-05-02 | Scalliet; Robert | Process of breaking a sludge emulsion with a ball mill followed by separation |
US6332494B1 (en) | 1997-10-16 | 2001-12-25 | Energiagazdalkodasi Reszvenytarsasag | Air-cooled condenser |
US6267795B1 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-07-31 | John Givargis | Air cleaning system |
US6613130B2 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2003-09-02 | G.E.N. Industries Corp | Filtering system for removing combustion gases from an airflow |
US20060086490A1 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-04-27 | Fay H P | Fin tube assembly for air-cooled condensing system and method of making same |
US20060086092A1 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-04-27 | Fay H P | Air-cooled condensing system and method |
US7096666B2 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2006-08-29 | Gea Power Cooling Systems, Llc | Air-cooled condensing system and method |
US7243712B2 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2007-07-17 | Fay H Peter | Fin tube assembly for air-cooled condensing system and method of making same |
US9074776B2 (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2015-07-07 | Duke Manufacturing Co. | Convection oven |
US8735778B2 (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2014-05-27 | Duke Manufacturing Co. | Convection oven |
US9903598B2 (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2018-02-27 | Duke Manufacturing Co. | Convection oven |
US20100301034A1 (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2010-12-02 | Duke Manufacturing Co. | Convection oven |
US8378265B2 (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2013-02-19 | Duke Manufacturing Co. | Convection oven |
US20090242297A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | Tatsuhiko Asano | Arrangement structure of radiator reservoir tank of motorcycle |
US7975795B2 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2011-07-12 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Arrangement structure of radiator reservoir tank of motorcycle |
EP2429690A1 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2012-03-21 | SPX Cooling Technologies Inc. | Natural draft air cooled steam condenser and method |
EP2429690A4 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2014-09-24 | Spx Cooling Technologies Inc | Natural draft air cooled steam condenser and method |
US20140034273A1 (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2014-02-06 | Shanxi Electric Power Research Institute | Evaporative condenser radiating module for steam exhaust of a steam turbine |
US9618268B2 (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2017-04-11 | Shanxi Electric Power Research Institute | Evaporative condenser radiating module for steam exhaust of a steam turbine |
US20130108971A1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-02 | Varidigm Corporation | Rooftop high-efficiency gas furnace control with condensate management |
DE102017212588A1 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-24 | Mahle International Gmbh | Plant for tempering an energy storage |
US11001124B2 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2021-05-11 | Mahle InternationI GmbH | System for controlling the temperature of an energy store |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MCQUAY INC. Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:MCQUAY-PREFEX INC.;REEL/FRAME:004190/0553 Effective date: 19830528 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC., 2700 DIAMOND SHA Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MCQUAY INC., A MN CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004690/0296 Effective date: 19841102 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MODINE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A WI CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MCQUAY INC.;REEL/FRAME:004784/0524 Effective date: 19850828 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SNYDERGENERAL CORPORATION, A CORP. OF MINNESOTA, T Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005278/0013 Effective date: 19881117 Owner name: MCQUAY INC., A CORP. OF MINNESOTA, MINNESOTA Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005278/0013 Effective date: 19881117 |