US3555527A - Domain propagation arrangement - Google Patents

Domain propagation arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3555527A
US3555527A US756210A US3555527DA US3555527A US 3555527 A US3555527 A US 3555527A US 756210 A US756210 A US 756210A US 3555527D A US3555527D A US 3555527DA US 3555527 A US3555527 A US 3555527A
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domain
field
domains
sheet
input
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US756210A
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English (en)
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Anthony J Perneski
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C19/00—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers
    • G11C19/02—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements
    • G11C19/08—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure
    • G11C19/0808—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure using magnetic domain propagation
    • G11C19/0816—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure using magnetic domain propagation using a rotating or alternating coplanar magnetic field
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C19/00—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers
    • G11C19/02—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements
    • G11C19/08—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure
    • G11C19/0858—Generating, replicating or annihilating magnetic domains (also comprising different types of magnetic domains, e.g. "Hard Bubbles")
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/80—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using non-linear magnetic devices; using non-linear dielectric devices
    • H03K17/84—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using non-linear magnetic devices; using non-linear dielectric devices the devices being thin-film devices

Definitions

  • a single wall domain is a magnetic domain encompassed by a single wall domain wall which closes upon itself and defines the boundary between the domain so encompassed and the surrounding regions of opposite polarity.
  • the boundary of a single wall domain is independent of the boundary of the sheet in the plane in which it is moved and thus permits two-dimensional movement of the domain in the sheet.
  • a variety of propagation techniques for moving single wall domains have been developed.
  • a typical magnetic sheet in which single wall domains can be moved is characterized by a preferred direction for magnetization out of the plane of the sheet. Let us adopt the convention that the magnetization of a single wall domain is in a positive direction along an axis assumed normal to the sheet while the magnetization of the remainder of the sheet is in a negative direction along that axis.
  • a single wall domain may be represented as an encircled plus sign where the circle represents the single domain wall.
  • a discrete conductor in the form of a circular loop on the surface of the sheet generates a field which is positive or negative along that, axis dependent on the polarity of current in the loop.
  • Such a loop in a position offset from a domain generates an attracting (positive) field when pulsed, The domain sees that field (actually field gradient) and moves to a least energy position in response.
  • the domain can be moved to any arbitrary position in the sheet.
  • Copending patent application Ser. No. 732,705 filed May 28, 1968 for A. H. Bobeck, among others, describes implementations for achieving propagation of single wall domains without discrete propagation conductors.
  • An overlay of a soft magnetic material such as permalloy defines a propagation channel for domains in a suitable magnetic sheet.
  • the overlay is patterned in the form of consecutive bars and T shapes which support a moving and repetitive magnetic pole configuration which is attracting to the domains.
  • a magnetic field rotating in the plane of the sheet (transverse) causes the pole pattern to change in a manner to attract domains from input to output positions.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an input arrangement for generating single wall domains at relatively low fields and in the absence of input conductors or area outlining conductors.
  • a single wall domain can be stretched and then separated into two, in response to a rotating transverse field, by the controlled movement of an additional domain, by an end of that domain, or by a field provided by an appropriately placed permalloy overlay.
  • This discovery is turned to account in one embodiment where a propagation channel for single wall domains is defined in a magnetic sheet by bar and T-shaped overlays of permalloy.
  • a permalloy disk having a single wall domain permanently associated therewith exhibits pole patterns moving in a first direction thereabout in response to a field rotating in the plane of the sheet.
  • the bar and T pattern is of a geometry to exhibit poles moving in a second direction away from the disk also in response to such a rotating field.
  • a domain following the attracting poles around the periphery of the disk is stretched out along both the bar and T arrangement and the disk periphery until the end of the domain stretching around the disk makes almost a full cycle.
  • the domain divides into two, one following the bar and T, the other moving about the disk again being stretched out as before.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a single wall domain propagating arrangement including an input in accordance with this invention
  • FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are fragmentary schematic representations of the input portion of the arrangement of FIG. 1 showing the magnetic conditions thereof in response to a rotating transverse field during operation and the orientations of the field for efifecting these conditions;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a multichannel domain propagation arrangement including a plurality of input configurations in accordance with this invention.
  • FIGS. -15 are fragmentary schematic representations of alternative input arrangements in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a domain propagation arrangement 10 including a sheet 11 in which single wall domains can be propagated.
  • a plurality of channels for domain propagation are defined by bar and T-shaped overlays 13 and 14 aligned between input and output positions, each channel starting at the left as viewed in FIG. 1 with a disk-shaped overlay 15. Domains are moved by following the attracting pole concentrations generated in the overlays in response to a rotating transverse magnetic field.
  • the source of the rotating field is represented by block 16 so designated and may comprise two orthogonal sets of coils positioned along broken lines B and B to which properly phased sine waves or pulses are applied under the control of control circuit 17.
  • the input to the propagation channel is defined to the left as viewed in FIG. 1 and includes the permalloy disk 15.
  • a domain D is provided in a manner such that it is permanently associated with disk 15, moving about the periphery thereof in response to the rotating transverse field.
  • FIGS. 2 through 8 show the magnetic conditions of the input as the transverse field rotates through a single cycle.
  • FIG. 2 shows the condition when a transverse field H is in an arbitrary initial orientation to the left as represented by the arrow so designated in FIG. 2.
  • Positive poles accumulate to the left of disk negative poles to the right.
  • positive poles attract a domain in accordance with the assumed convention.
  • negative poles attract a domain.
  • T geometry which may or may not be on the same side of sheet 11 as the disk.
  • a domain D is seen to underlie the positive poles.
  • the transverse field is shown directed downward.
  • the resulting pole concentration is as represented by the plus and minus signs.
  • the domain moves to the bottom of disk 15 as viewed.
  • FIG. 4 shows the field directed to the right.
  • the strongest positive pole is now at the right extreme of the extension 16 of disk 15. Yet other positive poles are on the right edge of the disk.
  • the domain assumes the position and shape shown.
  • FIG. 5 the transverse field is directed upward.
  • each of the nearest bar 13 and the disk has a strong pole distribution attracting domain D.
  • the domain stretches as a result. This stretching continues as the field rotates still further counterclockwise as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the specific contour of the domain in each figure is due to the repelling effect of negative poles on disk 15.
  • FIG. 7 depicts the domain configuration just as the domain is about to divide into two.
  • FIG. 8 shows the initial domain at an advanced position on a T-shaped overlay 12 whereas a domain D' is in the position shown for domain D in FIG. 4.
  • the designations of the domains are arbitrary; the mechanism for domain division is not fully understood. It is clearly observed, however, that a domain does stay associated with disk 15 and a domain is generated therefrom in response to a rotating transverse field.
  • That same transverse field also provides the moving pole patterns which attract domains along the propagation channel. But propagation along the channel requires typically a 10 oersted field or more, whereas a domain input as shown in FIGS. 2-8 requires typically more than 20 oersteds.
  • the difference in the amplitude requirements of the transverse field for input and propagation provides the mechanism for selective introduction of domains. Therefore, domain propagation continues at about a 10 oersted field unless a domain representing say a binary one is desired.
  • the amplitude of the rotating field is increased to 20 oersteds for the next cycle for introducing the desired domain. Thereafter, the amplitude may he reduced to conserve power.
  • the transverse field may be suitably altered, of course, by a change in the phase relationship of the sine waves generated by source 16 of FIG. 1 or by an overlap of pulses if pulse techniques are employed.
  • Source 16 of FIG. 1 is considered to include apparatus capable of operating in this manner under the control of a control circuit 17 to which it is connected.
  • FIG. 1 An output position is shown in FIG. 1 defined by a. conductor loop 19 encompassing a terminal position in the channel.
  • Conductor 19 is connected between an interrogate pulse source 20 and ground.
  • a conductor loop 21 also encompasses the same terminal position, connected between a utilization circuit 22 and ground.
  • source 20 pulses conductor 19 to generate a field to collapse domains in the terminal position. If a domain is occupying the terminal position when the collapse field is applied, a pulse is generated in conductor 21 for detection by circuit 22.
  • Source 20 and circuit 22 are connected to control circuit 17 for synchronization and energization.
  • the various sources and circuits herein may be any such circuits capable of operating in accordance with this invention.
  • the geometry of an overlay determines the amplitude of the rotating transverse field which generates domains as described.
  • Input overlay geometries can be designed to enable the amplitude of the transverse field to determine the channel into which a domain is introduced.
  • FIG. 9 shows a sheet in which a plurality of propagation channels a, b n are defined by an alternative bar and T overlay arrangement. Each of these channels has an input overlay, of different geometry, on the opposite side of sheet 110 from the bar and T overlays.
  • Each works essentially as described in connection with FIGS. 2 through 8, but the exact configuration of the stretching domain, in each instance, may differ.
  • the input overlay to channel a is rectangular in form and about one-eight mil thick.
  • a domain moving about the periphery of the overlay in response to a rotating transverse field divides as described when the amplitude of the transverse field is increased to a minimum of about 20 oersteds.
  • the input overlay to channel b is a disk 13,000 angstrom units (approximately one-twentieth mil) thick. This overlay operates to generate domains as described when the transverse field is increased to 50 oersteds.
  • the overlay of channel it is a cross in form, 5,800 angstrom units thick and operates at about 40 oersteds.
  • domain division in a selected channel takes place over a range of fields.
  • different combinations of channels can be selected for domain division by the provision of a field in an appropriate range for each of the channels selected.
  • horizontal channels of FIG. 9 can be oriented vertically with like results.
  • horizontal and vertical channels can be realized with a generalized pattern of overlays which permits domain movement in X and Y directions. Domains can be introduced at desired points in such an arrangement for movement to selected channels.
  • FIGS. 10-13 show an illustrative arrangement where domains are introduced selectively into a plurality of channels C1, C2
  • the magnetic domain (D) configuration for each channel is similar to that shown in FIGS. 28.
  • a domain is generated, or not, in each channel depending upon the amplitude of the rotating field as the field is oriented ideally through the last quarter cycle before being oriented in the direction of the selected channel.
  • FIG. 7 shows a broken rectangle representing a permalloy bar on the opposite side of sheet 11 from the bar and T arrangement there.
  • Bar 1'5 includes plus poles at its bottom as viewed. But since that bar is on the opposite side of sheet 11, positive poles repel domains and a field is generated thereby to help collapse domains.
  • An arrangement of three parallel bars as shown in FIG. 14 also is useful to generate domains in much the same manner inasmuch as the arrangement generates the appropriately oriented pole configurations and thus fields in response to a transverse field.
  • bars 15" are of relatively low coercive force material whereas bar 15' is of high coercive force material.
  • a domain D positioned as shown in FIG. 15 grows to the position shown in FIG. 14 in response to a field H1 of an amplitude insufficient to switch bar 15' but sufiicient to establish the pole configuration shown.
  • the amplitude of that field is increased to H2 above that necessary to switch bar 15'. Consequently, the domain divides into two, D and D1 as shown, in response to the new pole configuration.
  • Such fields are generated in a manner consistent with the requirements of a rotating transverse field which operates to shuttle domain D up and down on bar 15'', as viewed, between consecutive divisions while domain D 1 follows an associated bar and T arrangement to an output position.
  • a sheet of material in which a single wall domain can be moved a channel-defining first overlay adjacent said sheet and having a geometry for generating magnetic pole concentrations moving in a first direction from a reference position in said channel in response to a field rotating in the plane of said sheet for attracting domains from an input to an output position in said channel, and a :first input overlay adjacent said sheet at said input position and of a geometry to generate pole concentrations moving from said reference position in a second direction opposite to said first direction in response to said rotating field, and means for detecting the presence and absence of said domains at said output position.
  • a combination in. accordance with claim 1 including a single wall domain magnetically coupled to said input overlay in a position to be expanded by said magnetic pole concentrations moving in said first and second directions, and means for generating said rotating field.
  • a combination in accordance with claim. 2 also including means for generating a field to collapse domains at said reference position.
  • said input overlay comprises a soft magnetic disk for generating pole concentrations moving about the periphery thereof in response to a rotating transverse field.
  • a combination in accordance with claim 6 also including means for modifying said .rotating transverse field for selectively generating pole concentrations sufficient to expand said single wall domain associated with said disk.
  • said last-mentioned means comprises means for controllably increasing the amplitude of said rotating transverse field.
  • a combination in accordance with claim 5 including a second input overlay of a geometry difierent from said first input overlay and an associated second channeldefining overlay for generating magnetic pole concentrations moving in a first and a second direction from a reference position in that channel, said combination also including means for modifying said rotating transverse field in -a manner to increase said pole concentrations to expand a domain associated with said first and second input overlays selectively.
  • said means for modifying said rotating transverse field comprises means for changing the amplitude of said rotating transverse field in a manner and for a time to enable said moving pole concentrations to expand a domain selectively at said first and second input overlays.
  • a combination in accordance with claim 3 wherein said means for generating a field to collapse domains comprises a magnetic overlay in a position and of a coercive force to provide a repelling pole concentration at said reference position in response to said transverse field.
  • a combination in accordance with claim 5 including first and second channel-defining overlays oriented radially with respect to said closed loop and means for selectively generating in said overlays pole concentrations moving away from said closed loop and of a strength to expand said domain.
  • a sheet of magnetic material in which single wall domains can be moved means for generating first and second magnetic pole concentrations moving in first and second directions from a reference position in response to a magnetic field rotating in the plane of said sheet, and means for providing at said reference position a single wall domain for expansion in response to the movement of said pole concentrations.
  • a combination in accordance with claim 13 also including means for selectively changing the strength of said pole concentrations.
  • a sheet of magnetic material in which single wall domains can be moved and means for generating first and second magnetic pole concentrations moving incrementally in first and second directions from a first position in said sheet in a manner to stretch a single wall domain therebetween.
  • a combination in accordance with claim 15 also including means for providing a single wall domain at said first position.
  • a combination in accordance with claim 16 also including means for generating a field of a polarity to collapse a domain at said first position.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
  • Mram Or Spin Memory Techniques (AREA)
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US756210A 1968-08-29 1968-08-29 Domain propagation arrangement Expired - Lifetime US3555527A (en)

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US75621068A 1968-08-29 1968-08-29

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US (1) US3555527A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE738044A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1943287A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES371265A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2016567A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1257857A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6913095A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE343421B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3611331A (en) * 1969-12-04 1971-10-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Single wall domain source
US3619636A (en) * 1970-06-01 1971-11-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic domain logic circuit
US3633185A (en) * 1970-05-22 1972-01-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Single-wall domain generator
US3710356A (en) * 1971-09-08 1973-01-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Strip domain propagation arrangement
US3727197A (en) * 1970-12-31 1973-04-10 Ibm Magnetic means for collapsing and splitting of cylindrical domains
US4091458A (en) * 1976-06-14 1978-05-23 Rockwell International Corporation Multiple chevron passive generator
US4156937A (en) * 1977-10-12 1979-05-29 Control Data Corporation Noncirculating register for bubble memory systems
FR2453469A1 (fr) * 1979-04-02 1980-10-31 Intel Magnetics Inc Generateurs de domaines magnetiques a une seule paroi multiplexes
US4262070A (en) * 1980-04-18 1981-04-14 Liu Hua Kuang Method of making halftone contact screens

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3611331A (en) * 1969-12-04 1971-10-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Single wall domain source
US3633185A (en) * 1970-05-22 1972-01-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Single-wall domain generator
US3619636A (en) * 1970-06-01 1971-11-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic domain logic circuit
US3727197A (en) * 1970-12-31 1973-04-10 Ibm Magnetic means for collapsing and splitting of cylindrical domains
US3710356A (en) * 1971-09-08 1973-01-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Strip domain propagation arrangement
US4091458A (en) * 1976-06-14 1978-05-23 Rockwell International Corporation Multiple chevron passive generator
US4156937A (en) * 1977-10-12 1979-05-29 Control Data Corporation Noncirculating register for bubble memory systems
FR2453469A1 (fr) * 1979-04-02 1980-10-31 Intel Magnetics Inc Generateurs de domaines magnetiques a une seule paroi multiplexes
US4262070A (en) * 1980-04-18 1981-04-14 Liu Hua Kuang Method of making halftone contact screens

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1257857A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-22
ES371265A1 (es) 1972-03-16
SE343421B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-06
NL6913095A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-03
DE1943287A1 (de) 1970-03-05
FR2016567A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-05-08
BE738044A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-02-02

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