US3548292A - Single core magnetic voltage regulator - Google Patents

Single core magnetic voltage regulator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3548292A
US3548292A US692094A US3548292DA US3548292A US 3548292 A US3548292 A US 3548292A US 692094 A US692094 A US 692094A US 3548292D A US3548292D A US 3548292DA US 3548292 A US3548292 A US 3548292A
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Prior art keywords
voltage
winding
voltage regulator
flux
primary
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Expired - Lifetime
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US692094A
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English (en)
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Gerhard Wedemeyer
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Dominitwerke GmbH
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Dominitwerke GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
    • G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F3/04—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is AC
    • G05F3/06—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is AC using combinations of saturated and unsaturated inductive devices, e.g. combined with resonant circuit

Definitions

  • the former is accomplished by an additional section either by increasing the length of the coil over the height of the core or by arranging the compensation winding underneath the primary winding, so that the volume occupied by the compensation winding is available for absorbtion of additional primary flux.
  • the path of the lines are shortened by filling the additional cross-sectional volume with magnetically conducting material.
  • the invention relates to magnetic voltage regulators.
  • magnetic voltage regulators having a primary leakage path and a capacitance which is connected in parallel with the secondary winding. It is the object of the present invention to increase the range of regulation of the conventional voltage regulator arrangements, that is, to increase the region within which the input voltage may vary without having the output voltage exceed the usual tolerances.
  • Conventional voltage regulators of the magnetic type consist of the combination of an unsaturated air gap inductance and a highly saturated transformer which is so strongly magnetized by a condenser which is connected in parallel with it, that its output voltage is the voltage corresponding to the saturation induction of its core, independent of the magnitude of the input circuit voltage.
  • the output voltage of the output regulator is therefore approximately constant and independent of the input voltage over a Wide region.
  • the constant voltage which is so obtained has a considerable number of odd harmonics superimposed upon it, because of the high saturation of the iron. It therefore has an output voltage curve which is substantially trapezoidal. This is suitable for subsequent rectification.
  • a more or less sinusoidal output voltage may be required. This may be obtained by additional filters which reduce the harmonics to the desired level.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 Other magnetic'voltage regulators with either trapezoidal or sinusoidal output voltages are known in which transformer are incorporated in one core as shown f.i. in FIGS. 1 and 3 whereby the core cam consists of several single cores and their combination.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 1 yields a substantially trapezoidal, the
  • the voltage regulator having a trapezoidal output voltage consists, as shown in FIG. 1, of a core, on which the primary winding 2 and the main winding 3 are decoupled by a magnetic shunt 4 which contains an air gap 5.
  • a magnetic shunt 4 which contains an air gap 5.
  • FIG. 2 shows the connections of the individual windings of the voltage regulator.
  • the voltage regulating characteristic of the voltage regulator is generated by the magnetizing effect of the capacitor, which drives the flux linking through certainly not sinusoidal voltage. Due to the saturation characteristic of the flux, the voltage in winding 3 is approximately trapezoidal, that is, it contains a high percentage of odd harmonics.
  • compensation winding 7 which is closely coupled to primary winding 2.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a voltage regulator which has an approximately sinusoidal output voltage.
  • the part of core 1, which according to FIG. 3 lies to the left of line AA and contains the windings 2, 3 and 7, has the same function as the corresponding above-described same numbered circuit elements of the voltage regulator having a trapezoidal output voltage.
  • the voltage of the battery which drives the inverter may vary over very wide ranges, namely from the final discharge voltage to that voltage which appears during a strong charging of the battery. In an un favorable case, this means a region of variation about the nominal value of -20% to +25%, in which the output voltage of the inverters is to be kept substantially constant. It is thus important to increase the regulating region of the conventional voltage regulators by suitable means.
  • the region of primary voltage variations within which the output voltage is to remain constant within tight limits, is limited on the high side in the described conventional voltage regulators by the increasing magnetization current of the primary winding.
  • the primary current then increases so rapidly, that first of all, the heat generated in the winding reaches untenable values.
  • the circuit elements (semi-conductors) of the inverter may be endangered if they are not considerably overdesigned.
  • the control characteristics of the voltage regulators in the high region of input voltage are extremely good.
  • the flux must reach at least double its steady state value, if the necessary counter-voltage is to be generated when the switching occurs when the supplied voltage passes through zero. If no residual flux exists, this flux becomes twice as big as the steady state flux after the passing of the transient due to the switch-in op eration. If, however, the phase of a possibly existing residual flux is unfavorable, the double value of the steady state flux may be increased by the amount of the residual flux.
  • the induction of conventional voltage regulators must be approximately 16 kg. at the nominal voltage for good regulatory characteristics to be achieved, it becomes apparent that the input current surge may reach maximum values which correspond to an induction of about 35 kg.
  • This additional flux may be either an air flux flowing through an additional air section Q, or may be iron flux if the section Q is filled with a magnetic material, preferably of high permeability.
  • the required ampere-turns for this additional fiux are smaller, and the current surge limiting effect larger, the smaller the median magnetic line length is.
  • this invention comprises a single core magnetic voltage regulator having a primary winding linked by primary leakage flux upon energization of said winding, and a secondary winding which is connected in parallel with a capacitance.
  • a voltage regulator In such a voltage regulator an additional path for said primary leakage flux is provided, thus decreasing surge currents and increasing the regulatory region.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a single core magnetic voltage regulator having a trapezoidal output voltage
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the voltage regulator of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a single core magnetic L voltage regulator having a sinusoidal output voltage
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a voltage regulator as shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a oscillogram showing the neutralization coil voltage, the capacitor voltage and the difierence votlage between the two;
  • FIG. 6 is an end view of a voltage regulator having a coil form which is longer than the core height
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a voltage regulator having a primary winding wound over a compensation winding
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a voltage regulator as shown in FIG. 7, but with magnetic material in the leakage flux path;
  • FIG. 9 is a oscillogram of the primary current in an inverter voltage regulator for a 25% increase and a decrease in battery voltage, respectively.
  • FIG. 6 shows one method for increasing the cross-sectional area in order to absorb primary leakage flux.
  • FIG. 6 it is possible to construct a coil form 61 for the windings 2 and 7 which is larger than the height of the laminations of core 1.
  • FIG. 7 shows the flux lines of htis air flux schematically. Flux lines form in such a manner that they return to the iron by the shortest possible route. Thus, the median length of the flux lines may be represented approximately by lines 74.
  • FIG. 7 also shows another method of increasing the sectional area available for primary leakage flux.
  • the compensation winding 7 is wound underneath, rather than on top of, the primary winding 2. Since the current surge goes only through the primary winding, the tube-like volume which is then formed between the core and the primary winding by the compensation winding furnishes room for the formation of additional air flux and thus increases the cross section Q,-
  • shortening of the air flux line length will also tend to minimize the current surge upon switch-in. This may be accomplished by filling the increased coil form section 63 of FIG. 6 with a magnetic material having a high magnetic conductivity whose length corresponds exactly to the width 15 of the primary winding (FIG. 7). The original flux line length 74 is thereby shortened by twice the amount of the coil width 15.
  • a further shortening of the air flux length may be effected according to this invention by forming the magnetic material in the additional sections 63, in such a manner that, if possible, all flux lines of the original air flux are absorbed by it and returned to the main body of the core of the voltage regulator in the shortest possible way, that is the transition from the additional field in the region of the coil back to the iron core is fille-d with magnetically conducting material in the form of an are (81, FIG. 8).
  • the switch-in current surge which for a conventional voltage regulator, operated at nominal voltage, may reach more than times the steady state value (when switching takes place during the time voltage passes through zero), is held to approximately 2 /2 times the steady state value under the same conditions by the application of the system according to this invention.
  • This relatively small current surge may then be decreased by means of a suitable inverter input filter so that an overdesign of the semiconductor elements becomes superfluous.
  • a sinusoidal output voltage of a voltage regulator according to this invention in which the battery voltage may vary from +25% to 20% at full load may be kept constant to a value of i2% of the nominal voltage.
  • the voltage variations at the input of the voltage regulator due to the unavoidable voltage drops in the inverter circuit elements (chokes, semiconductors) considerably exceed the above-specified voltage variations of the battery.
  • the same voltage regulator When connected to a current source, the same voltage regulator, for an input voltage variation of +25% to -20% exhibits an even better output voltage stability, namely il%.
  • the above-described arrangements according to this invention do not only have great utility for the use with inverters, but, also as line voltage regulators. Their use is always an advantage when the regulatory region of conventional voltage regulators of :15 of the line voltage is insufficient. The decrease of current surge upon switch-in that results from use of a voltage regulator according to the present invention may also be a decisive advantage for its use as a line operated voltage regulator.
  • a magnetic voltage regulator having a load, comprising, in combination, a single core; a compensation Winding connected in series with said load, said compensation winding being wound relative to said core in such a manner that an air gap path is created between the external surface of said core and the internal surface of said compensation winding; a primary winding linked by primary flux upon energization, said primary winding being wound over said compensation winding; a secondary winding wound on said core; and a capacitance in parallel with said secondary Winding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)
US692094A 1966-12-24 1967-12-20 Single core magnetic voltage regulator Expired - Lifetime US3548292A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED0051882 1966-12-24

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US3548292A true US3548292A (en) 1970-12-15

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US692094A Expired - Lifetime US3548292A (en) 1966-12-24 1967-12-20 Single core magnetic voltage regulator

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US (1) US3548292A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE708334A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH483670A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1563166B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1196780A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL152697B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE19945E (en) * 1936-04-28 Radio apparatus
US2143745A (en) * 1938-08-31 1939-01-10 Sola Electric Co Constant potential transformer
US2694177A (en) * 1951-03-16 1954-11-09 Joseph G Sola Transformer having constant and harmonic free output voltage
US2731591A (en) * 1952-02-23 1956-01-17 Ballastran Corp Voltage regulator
US2825024A (en) * 1957-06-12 1958-02-25 Gen Electric Voltage stabilizing system
US2996656A (en) * 1959-02-02 1961-08-15 Basic Products Corp Voltage regulating apparatus
US3112439A (en) * 1961-09-19 1963-11-26 Forbro Design Inc Flux oscillator transformer with variable shunt
US3200290A (en) * 1960-05-25 1965-08-10 Philips Corp Ballast device and circuit for gas discharge lamps
US3389329A (en) * 1965-06-22 1968-06-18 Transformer Engineers Inc Constant output voltage transformer
US3398292A (en) * 1965-07-19 1968-08-20 North Electric Co Current supply apparatus

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE19945E (en) * 1936-04-28 Radio apparatus
US2143745A (en) * 1938-08-31 1939-01-10 Sola Electric Co Constant potential transformer
US2694177A (en) * 1951-03-16 1954-11-09 Joseph G Sola Transformer having constant and harmonic free output voltage
US2731591A (en) * 1952-02-23 1956-01-17 Ballastran Corp Voltage regulator
US2825024A (en) * 1957-06-12 1958-02-25 Gen Electric Voltage stabilizing system
US2996656A (en) * 1959-02-02 1961-08-15 Basic Products Corp Voltage regulating apparatus
US3200290A (en) * 1960-05-25 1965-08-10 Philips Corp Ballast device and circuit for gas discharge lamps
US3112439A (en) * 1961-09-19 1963-11-26 Forbro Design Inc Flux oscillator transformer with variable shunt
US3389329A (en) * 1965-06-22 1968-06-18 Transformer Engineers Inc Constant output voltage transformer
US3398292A (en) * 1965-07-19 1968-08-20 North Electric Co Current supply apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH483670A (de) 1969-12-31
GB1196780A (en) 1970-07-01
DE1563166B2 (de) 1974-06-20
NL6712238A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-06-25
BE708334A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-05-02
DE1563166A1 (de) 1970-01-08
NL152697B (nl) 1977-03-15

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