US3546877A - Hot-gas piston engine - Google Patents

Hot-gas piston engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3546877A
US3546877A US776458A US3546877DA US3546877A US 3546877 A US3546877 A US 3546877A US 776458 A US776458 A US 776458A US 3546877D A US3546877D A US 3546877DA US 3546877 A US3546877 A US 3546877A
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United States
Prior art keywords
space
hot
piston
duct
working
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Expired - Lifetime
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US776458A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henricus Cornelis Jo Beukering
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/045—Controlling
    • F02G1/05—Controlling by varying the rate of flow or quantity of the working gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hot-gas piston engine comprising one or more working spaces, each space having connected to it, (a) a first duct with a nonreturn valve opening towards the working space, and (b) a second duct with a nonreturn valve inhibiting a ow of medium towards the working space.
  • the sides of the rst ducts remote from the associated working spaces are all connected to a first common duct, and the sides of the second ducts remote from the associated working spaces are all connected to a second common duct.
  • the first ducts and the first common duct serve to supply the working medium to the relevant working spaces, whereas the second ducts and the second common duct serve to remove the medium from these working spaces.
  • the power of the hot-gas engine can be controlled by regulating the supply and removal of medium, with the medium generally removed with the aid of a compressor. Since the dimensions of this compressor must not be unduly large, the removal of medium and hence reduction of the power supplied can only proceed comparatively slowly. However, under certain circumstances, it is necessary to instantaneously reduce the power of the hot-gas piston engine from a certain high value to a certain low value.
  • a drawback of this control in multi-cylinder engines is the large number of bypass cocks required, especially in engines having an odd number of cylinders. Furthermore, the possibility of placing the relevant bypass cocks is rather limited for the purpose of limiting additional useless space in the connection ducts. A further diiculty is the very accurate adjustment of the open position of the connection cocks in such manner that all cocks open simultaneously.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a hot-gas piston engine in which all above-mentioned drawbacks are obviated.
  • the hot-gas piston engine according to the invention is characterized in that the first and second common ducts are connected together by a connection duct including a shutter which is continuously adjustable between its closed position and its entirely open position.
  • the engine according to the invention thus includes only one adjustable shutter by means of which the power can be controlled centrally.
  • this shutter When this shutter is opened a unidirectional gas-stream arises; from the working space into the second common duct through the shutter to the first common duct and thence through the nonreturn valve back into the cylinder.
  • a distortion of the pressure volume diagram occurs resulting in a reduction of output.
  • shutters are highly economized, the problem of the additional useless space does not substantially arise, while all working spaces are simultaneously controlled since only one cock is present and an irregular running of the engine cannot occur.
  • the shutter can be placed in arbitrary positions which considerably simplifies the constructions.
  • An advantageous side effect is that the rst and second common ducts may be used simultaneously for the supply and removal of working medium to andfrom the engine.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the hot-gas piston engine according to the invention has each working space bounded by a piston adapted to reciprocate in the cylinder, a buffer space present on the side of the piston remote from the working space, and all buffer spaces communicating with one another.
  • the second duct of each working space is formed by the gap between piston and cylinder wall, the relevant nonreturn valve being formed by one or more piston rings which rings or the wall of the groove cooperating therewith are so constructed that their sides facing the buffer space cannot engage in a sealing manner the wall of the groove cooperating with this side and accommodating this ring; and the second common duct is formed by the butter space.
  • the reference numerals 1, 2, 3 and 4 in FIG. 1 indicate working spaces of hot-gas engines. Each working space is connected to a rst duct 5, 6, 7 and 8. Non-return valves 9, 10, 11 and 12 opening towards the working space are provided in these first ducts. Furthermore, second ducts 13, 14, 15 and 16 are connected to the working spaces which ducts include non-return valves 17, 18, 19 and 20 which inhibit ow of medium towards the relevant working spaces. The sides of the first ducts 5, 6, 7 and 8 remote from the relevant working spaces are connected to a first common duct 21, while the sides of the second ducts 13, 14, 15 and 16 remote from the relevant Working spaces are connected to a second common duct 22.
  • connection duct 23 including an adjustable shutter 24. If a certain average pressure prevails in the working spaces 1, 2, 3 and 4 the hot-gas motor Will profvide a certain output. On closed position of the adjustable shutter 24, the minimum pressure which occurs in the working spaces 1, 2. 3 and 4 will prevail in the common duct 21, while the maximum pressure which occurs in the working space will prevail in the second common duct 22. If the output of the motor must become smaller this can be achieved by opening the adjustable shutter 24 to a greater or smaller extent.
  • the motor further comprises a device for supplying and removing medium to and from the motor, the first and second common ducts 21 and 22 may also serve as supply and drain ducts.
  • FIG. 2 shows not to scale a hot-gas motor which cornprises four units A, B, C and D, in which a hot-gas engine cycle is accomplished.
  • Each unit includes a cylinder 31 in which a piston 32 and a displacer 33 can reciprocate.
  • the piston 32 and the displacer 33 are connected by means of a piston rod 34 and a displacer rod 35 to a driving mechanism not shown which can move this piston and displacer with phase shift.
  • a compression space 36 is located between the piston 32 and the displacer 33 which compression space is connected through a cooler 37, a regenerator 38 and a heater 39 to an expansion space 40 above the displacer 33.
  • the heater 39 is constructed of a number of pipes 41 which are connected to the regenerator 38 at one end and to a ring duct 42 at the other end, and a number of pipes which are connected to the duct 42 at one end and to the expansion space 40 at the other end. Heat is supplied to this heater with the aid of a burner 44.
  • a buffer space 45 is located below the piston 32, the buffer spaces of all units A. B, C and D communicating freely with one another.
  • the seal between the piston 32 and the cylinder 31 is formed by a piston ring 46 which is provided with grooves 47 at its side facing the buffer space 45. These grooves prevent the piston ring 46 from engaging in a sealing manner the wall of the groove facing said side and accommodating the piston ring 46. This means that the piston ring passes medium towards the buffer space.
  • the piston ring 46 thus operates as a non-return valve which opposes flow of medium towards the compression space 36.
  • the piston rings 46 are thus comparable with the non-return valves 17, 18, 19 and 20 of the hot-gas motor of FIG. l, in which the buffer space 45 is now comparable with the second common duct 22.
  • the first ducts 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the non-return valves 9, 10, 11 and 12 incorporated therein are connected to the compression space 36 of the different units.
  • the sides of these first ducts remote from the working spaces are again connected to the common duct 21.
  • the buffer space 45 and the iirst common duct 21 are connected together by means of a connection duct 23 including a shutter 24.
  • the first common duct 21 is connected through an adjustable shutter 50 to a supply vessel 51 which contains working medium under pressure.
  • the buier space 45 is furthermore connected through an adjustable shutter 52 to the suction side 53 of a compressor 54.
  • the exhaust 55 of the compressor is connected to the supply vessel 51.
  • shutter 50 must be opened, so that high-pressure medium can flow from the supply vessel 51 through the common duct 21 and the non-return valves 9, 10, 11 and 12 into the relevant working spaces. As a result, an increase of the average pressure is obtained and hence an increase of the power supplied by the motor.
  • a hot-gas engine operable with a source of pressurized uid, the engine having a piston reciprocally movable within a cylinder, the pistons ends bounded by a working space and a buffer space respectively, a iirst oneway valve permitting flow from the source only into working space and a second one-way valve permitting flow only out of the working space into the buffer space, the piston having an annular groove and a piston ring therein which cooperate with the adjacent cylinder wall forming said second valve, duct means interconnecting the source with the iirst and second valves, and third continuously adjustable valve means in said duct means intermediate said source and first and second valves, whereby the average pressure of the fluid in the working space is regulated.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 comprising a plurality of said piston and cylinder combinations including first and second valves in each, said duct means cornprising a first common duct interconnecting said first valves and a second common duct interconnecting said second valves, and a third common duct interconnecting said rst and second common ducts.
  • said source comprises a fluid storage chamber and a compressor discharging into the chamber, the compressor inlet and chamber outlet communicating respectively with said second and rst common ducts, the adjustable valve means comprising a third valve in the third common duct, and fourth and fifth valves immediately adjacent the compressor inlet and chamber outlet respectively.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
US776458A 1967-12-01 1968-11-18 Hot-gas piston engine Expired - Lifetime US3546877A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL676716350A NL148681B (nl) 1967-12-01 1967-12-01 Heetgaszuigermachine met regeling van het vermogen.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3546877A true US3546877A (en) 1970-12-15

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ID=19801865

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US776458A Expired - Lifetime US3546877A (en) 1967-12-01 1968-11-18 Hot-gas piston engine

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US3546877A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE724742A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH497644A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK123949B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES360864A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1593836A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1251346A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL148681B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE341887B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3667348A (en) * 1969-04-17 1972-06-06 Philips Corp Seals between coaxial elements
US3859792A (en) * 1973-05-15 1975-01-14 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating apparatus with power control device
US3890785A (en) * 1972-02-19 1975-06-24 United Stirling Ab & Co Stirling cycle engine with common heat exchanger housing
US3921401A (en) * 1973-05-21 1975-11-25 Philips Corp Hot gas machine and control device for varying the power thereof
US3927529A (en) * 1973-08-22 1975-12-23 United Stirling Ab & Co Multi-cylinder double-acting stirling cycle engines
US4045978A (en) * 1974-06-14 1977-09-06 U.S. Philips Corporation Hot-gas reciprocating machine
US20040166284A1 (en) * 2002-02-28 2004-08-26 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Ceramic packing element for mass transfer applications

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7511043A (nl) * 1975-09-19 1977-03-22 Philips Nv Heetgaszuigermachine met twee of meer werkruim- ten, voorzien van een regelinrichting voor de toevoer van werkmedium aan deze werkruimten.
FR2459371A1 (fr) * 1979-06-18 1981-01-09 Eca Dispositif d'hermeticite dynamique, notamment pour moteur stirling

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2746241A (en) * 1951-05-12 1956-05-22 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot-gas reciprocating engine
US2794315A (en) * 1951-06-05 1957-06-04 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating apparatus
US2867973A (en) * 1952-05-01 1959-01-13 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating apparatus
US3036427A (en) * 1959-02-12 1962-05-29 Philips Corp Speed regulator for a hot gas reciprocating machine
US3180081A (en) * 1962-07-27 1965-04-27 Cleveland Pneumatic Ind Inc Speed control apparatus for a fluid-type engine
US3355881A (en) * 1966-01-24 1967-12-05 Gen Motors Corp Gas pressure control means for a hot gas engine
US3372539A (en) * 1965-07-19 1968-03-12 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating engine

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2746241A (en) * 1951-05-12 1956-05-22 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot-gas reciprocating engine
US2794315A (en) * 1951-06-05 1957-06-04 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating apparatus
US2867973A (en) * 1952-05-01 1959-01-13 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating apparatus
US3036427A (en) * 1959-02-12 1962-05-29 Philips Corp Speed regulator for a hot gas reciprocating machine
US3180081A (en) * 1962-07-27 1965-04-27 Cleveland Pneumatic Ind Inc Speed control apparatus for a fluid-type engine
US3372539A (en) * 1965-07-19 1968-03-12 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating engine
US3355881A (en) * 1966-01-24 1967-12-05 Gen Motors Corp Gas pressure control means for a hot gas engine

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3667348A (en) * 1969-04-17 1972-06-06 Philips Corp Seals between coaxial elements
US3890785A (en) * 1972-02-19 1975-06-24 United Stirling Ab & Co Stirling cycle engine with common heat exchanger housing
US3859792A (en) * 1973-05-15 1975-01-14 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating apparatus with power control device
US3921401A (en) * 1973-05-21 1975-11-25 Philips Corp Hot gas machine and control device for varying the power thereof
US3927529A (en) * 1973-08-22 1975-12-23 United Stirling Ab & Co Multi-cylinder double-acting stirling cycle engines
US4045978A (en) * 1974-06-14 1977-09-06 U.S. Philips Corporation Hot-gas reciprocating machine
US20040166284A1 (en) * 2002-02-28 2004-08-26 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Ceramic packing element for mass transfer applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK123949B (da) 1972-08-21
ES360864A1 (es) 1970-07-16
GB1251346A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-27
SE341887B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-17
DE1808407B2 (de) 1976-05-20
FR1593836A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-01
BE724742A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-05-29
NL148681B (nl) 1976-02-16
CH497644A (de) 1970-10-15
NL6716350A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-06-03
DE1808407A1 (de) 1969-07-03

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