US3537880A - Heat-bondable fibers - Google Patents
Heat-bondable fibers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3537880A US3537880A US612809A US3537880DA US3537880A US 3537880 A US3537880 A US 3537880A US 612809 A US612809 A US 612809A US 3537880D A US3537880D A US 3537880DA US 3537880 A US3537880 A US 3537880A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- heat
- staple fibers
- rayon
- polyamide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/59—Polyamides; Polyimides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
- Y10T428/2907—Staple length fiber with coating or impregnation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of making heat-bondable rayon staple fibers.
- non-thermoplastic fibers such as rayon fibers
- thermoplastic materials such as rayon fibers
- thermoplastic materials such as rayon fibers
- non-thermoplastic fibers alone may be deposited as a mat, then treated in situ with thermoplastic or thermosetting resins and fiinally bonded under heat and pressure.
- thermoplastic staple fibers such as of rayon
- some type of heat-sensitive coating which could be activated when desired
- the thermoplastic material which was intended to serve as a surface coating penetrated into the fibers so that little or no fiber bonding could be achieved.
- fiber bonding was possible, the fibers either cemented to each other or experienced considerable dusting when subjected to conventional textile operations, such as carding, combing, drafting, spinning and weaving. Accordingly, a primary object is to provide new or generally improved or more satisfactory method for making heat-bondable rayon staple fibers.
- Another object of this invention is the provision of a method for making heat-bondable rayon staple fibers which are capable of being processed by conventional textile fiber methods without loss or sacrifice in their heatbondable characteristics.
- Still another object is the provision of a method of making modified rayon staple fibers which can be bonded by heat alone or both heat and pressure under conditions which do not damage the physical properties or appearance of the fibers themselves.
- a further object is to provide a method for rendering rayon staple fibers heat-bondable which is simple, reliable, and economical.
- An ad-on level of polyamide of about 6% results in very good fiber bonding and is generally satisfactory ice for most non-woven fabric applications, while the use of from 8 to 9% or more of polyamide provides for excellent fiber bonding and would be employed in making non-woven fabrics which might be subjected to more rugged handling and/ or use than conventional non-woven fabrics.
- the interfacial polycondensation method of preparing the heat-bondable rayon staple fibers involves, essentially, reacting hexamethylenediamine in an aqueous phase with organic acid chlorides dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the aqueous phase includes, besides the diamine, sodium carbonate which serves to neutralize hydrochloric acid formed during the polymerization reaction, a wetting agent, such as Triton X100, an alkyl aryl polyether alcohol, which is a product of Rohm & Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pa., to provide for rapid spreading of the aqueous liquid, and a silicone emulsion, such as LE48, product of Union Carbide Corporation, to improve the hand of a resulting heat-bondable fiber.
- a wetting agent such as Triton X100, an alkyl aryl polyether alcohol, which is a product of Rohm & Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
- a silicone emulsion such as LE48, product of Union Car
- the rayon staple fibers are initially immersed in the solvent solution of the organic acid chlorides. Wetting out of the rayon fibers in this solution occurs rapidly and thus the duration of the immersion can be very short, with an immersion of from less than 1 minute to about 5 minutes usually being satisfactory.
- the staple fibers are preferably opened prior to immersion by a conventional staple fibers preopening apparatus, such as pickers.
- Rayon fibers thus treated are then centrifuged to reduce the pick-up of the solvent solution to about 50% or slightly less, based upon the weight of the fibers.
- care must be exercised to minimize the formation of liquid lenses, particularly in those portions of the fibers directly adjacent to the centrifuge wall.
- I have found that only centrifugation has proved effective in reducing the solvent solution pick-up to the above-mentioned limit.
- Solvent solution retention by the fibers of substantially more than 50% generally results in spotty and heavy deposits of polymer, with some ce-mentation of the fibers, and should therefore be avoided.
- the fibers are immediately immersed in the aqueous phase to minimize hydrolysis of the acid chlorides.
- the presence of the wetting agent in the aqueous phase facilitates rapid and thorough wetting of the mass of fibers, although a slight working of the fibrous mass is preferred to encourage such penetration.
- the polyamide forms as a film almost instantaneously at the interface of the contact of the two phases; namely, the solvent solution retained on the surface of the rayon staple fibers and the aqueous phase in which the fibers are immersed.
- the duration of immersion of the fibers in the aqueous phase may be varied and, in general, will not exceed perhaps 10 to 15 mniutes.
- the polyamide which is deposited onto the rayon staple fibers have a melting temperature preferably within the range of from about 130 to 180 C.
- a polyamide coating softening within such range permits the resulting coated fibers to be bonded at temperatures which would neither damage nor destroy the physical properties or appearance of the fibers and would enable the finished bonded textile fabrics to withstand the elevated temperature to which such fabric would normally be subjected.
- Nylon 6,6 and nylon 6,10 are both unsatisfactory in view of their reported high melting points of 268 C. and 210 C., respectively.
- heat-bendable rayon staple fibers having a polyamide coating which melts within the desired range of from 130 to 180 C. and which does not dust or cement when subjected to normal textile processing operations is produced by employing a solvent solution containing a combination of orthophthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, and sebacoyl chloride.
- isophthaloyl chloride in the solvent solution is also capable in forming polyamide coatings on the fibers.
- the coatings do not dust but do cement the fibers when they are subjected to conventional textile operations.
- this latter objection is neither eliminated nor lessened when a solvent solution of isophthaloyl chloride is modified by the addition of orthophthaloyl chloride.
- the ratio of orthophthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride and sebacoyl chloride employed in the solvent solution can, of course, be varied.
- the proportions of these different chlorides are based upon the particular properties desired in the polyamide coating which is to be deposited on the fibers, with generally the orthophthaloyl chloride controlling the melting point of the coating, whil the isophthaloyl chloride and the sebacoyl chloride rendering the resulting coating resistant to dusting and premature cementation.
- the amount of polyamide added onto the rayon staple fibers can be controlled, to suit the particular need for which such fibers are intended, by varying the concentrations of the solvent and aqueous phase solutions.
- the heat-bondable rayon staple fibers produced by the method of the present invention retain their original free or separated and open characteristics until intentionally activated. They can be stored, transported and handled with little risk of fiber cementation. These staple fibers may be worked in a textile operation or dispersed as a mat and, when subjected to a temperature above the softening point of the applied polyamide, will bond to each other. If one desires stronger interfiber bonding or an article of a specified shape, pressure may be applied to the article along with heat to obtain the desired result.
- heat-bondable rayon fibers formed by the method of the present invention exhibit far better interfiber bonding when in a moist condition at the time of heat application.
- heat-bondable rayon fibers prepared by the method of the present invention which normally exhibited good bonding properties after the polyamide coating was applied thereto, could not be bonded under heat or heat and pressure after being dried in an oven at 105 C. Remoistening of such dried fibers with either steam or by wetting out in water, restored to such fibers their intended heat-bendable characteristic.
- huch moistened fibers exhibited better bonding tendencies than fibers which were merely in equilibrium with the moisture in the atmosphere.
- the staple fibers were then immediately immersed in the aqueous solution and were worked slightly to aid penetration. Almost instantaneously, upon immersion, the polyamide formed as a film at the interface of contact of the two solutions.
- the staple fibers were removed, squeezed with a wringer, Washed thoroughly with water and dried at 75 C.
- the add-on level of polyamide obtained was between 8% and 9% and the now heat-bondable rayon staple fibers were found to be non-dusting and filament-free; that is, no fiber cementation. Analysis of the polymer which had formed indicated that it had a melting point of 158 C. and started decomposing at 225 C.
- the heat-bondable rayon staple fibers were deposited as a mat and then bonded using heat as follows:
- a method of making heat-bondable rayon staple fibers by forming on the surfaces of preformed rayon staple fibers a substantially non-dusting coating of a polyamide having a melting point within the range of from 130 to 180 C. which includes the steps of first applying onto preformed rayon staple fibers a solvent solution of isophthaloyl chloride, sebacoyl chloride and a major portion of orthophthaloyl chloride, removing excess solvent solution from such staple fibers, immediately thereafter reacting the acid chlorides remaining on the staple fibers with an aqueous solution of hexamethylenediamine whereby polyamide films are formed at the interface of acid chlorides remaining on the staple fibers and the aqueous solution, washing the now surface coated staple fibers to remove the exess aqueous solution, and there after drying the coated staple fibers.
- rayon staple fibers are sequentially immersed in both of said solutions and are centrifuged after immersion in the solvent solution to reduce solvent solution retention by the fibers to not more than based upon the weight of the fibers.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US61280967A | 1967-01-31 | 1967-01-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3537880A true US3537880A (en) | 1970-11-03 |
Family
ID=24454744
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US612809A Expired - Lifetime US3537880A (en) | 1967-01-31 | 1967-01-31 | Heat-bondable fibers |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3537880A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3917886A (en) * | 1972-02-18 | 1975-11-04 | Brueckner Apparatebau Gmbh | Methods of producing a polymer film on a fibre |
US4413391A (en) * | 1982-08-02 | 1983-11-08 | Albany International Corp. | Resin containing textiles |
Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2191556A (en) * | 1936-07-01 | 1940-02-27 | Du Pont | Polyamides |
US2252554A (en) * | 1938-09-19 | 1941-08-12 | Wilmington Trust Company | Polymeric material |
US2610927A (en) * | 1943-03-08 | 1952-09-16 | Tootal Broadhurst Lee Co Ltd | Treatment of fibrous materials with polyamides |
US2882185A (en) * | 1956-04-13 | 1959-04-14 | Onyx Oil & Chemical Company | Water soluble basic polyamides and their alkylation products |
US2957783A (en) * | 1956-05-16 | 1960-10-25 | Basf Ag | Process of finishing leather |
US3078138A (en) * | 1960-04-15 | 1963-02-19 | Lowell A Miller | Shrinkproofing wool with polyamides |
US3198771A (en) * | 1961-06-30 | 1965-08-03 | Grace W R & Co | Amorphous polyamides from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and an ethyl substituted alkylene diamine |
US3227579A (en) * | 1960-08-15 | 1966-01-04 | Gen Electric | Water repellent compositions |
GB1022151A (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1966-03-09 | Tech D Inv S Appliquees T I A | Product for finishing, waterproofing or coating various materials and its use |
US3332907A (en) * | 1963-06-17 | 1967-07-25 | Du Pont | Oxy aromatic polyamides and process for preparation |
US3383162A (en) * | 1964-05-28 | 1968-05-14 | Agriculture Usa | Treatment of textile materials |
US3418275A (en) * | 1962-11-08 | 1968-12-24 | Du Pont | Aromatic polyamides from n,n'-diphenyl diamines |
-
1967
- 1967-01-31 US US612809A patent/US3537880A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2191556A (en) * | 1936-07-01 | 1940-02-27 | Du Pont | Polyamides |
US2252554A (en) * | 1938-09-19 | 1941-08-12 | Wilmington Trust Company | Polymeric material |
US2610927A (en) * | 1943-03-08 | 1952-09-16 | Tootal Broadhurst Lee Co Ltd | Treatment of fibrous materials with polyamides |
US2882185A (en) * | 1956-04-13 | 1959-04-14 | Onyx Oil & Chemical Company | Water soluble basic polyamides and their alkylation products |
US2957783A (en) * | 1956-05-16 | 1960-10-25 | Basf Ag | Process of finishing leather |
US3078138A (en) * | 1960-04-15 | 1963-02-19 | Lowell A Miller | Shrinkproofing wool with polyamides |
US3227579A (en) * | 1960-08-15 | 1966-01-04 | Gen Electric | Water repellent compositions |
US3198771A (en) * | 1961-06-30 | 1965-08-03 | Grace W R & Co | Amorphous polyamides from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and an ethyl substituted alkylene diamine |
GB1022151A (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1966-03-09 | Tech D Inv S Appliquees T I A | Product for finishing, waterproofing or coating various materials and its use |
US3418275A (en) * | 1962-11-08 | 1968-12-24 | Du Pont | Aromatic polyamides from n,n'-diphenyl diamines |
US3332907A (en) * | 1963-06-17 | 1967-07-25 | Du Pont | Oxy aromatic polyamides and process for preparation |
US3383162A (en) * | 1964-05-28 | 1968-05-14 | Agriculture Usa | Treatment of textile materials |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3917886A (en) * | 1972-02-18 | 1975-11-04 | Brueckner Apparatebau Gmbh | Methods of producing a polymer film on a fibre |
US4413391A (en) * | 1982-08-02 | 1983-11-08 | Albany International Corp. | Resin containing textiles |
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Owner name: WESTERN AND SOUTHERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY THE C/ Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 Owner name: JOHN HANCOCK MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY JOHN HA Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 Owner name: BALBOA INSURANCE COMPANY C/O THE PAUL REVERE EQUIT Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 Owner name: KELLOGG CREDIT CORPORATION A DE CORP. Free format text: AGREEMENT WHEREBY SAID HELLER AND RAYONIER RELEASES ALL MORTGAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS HELD BY AVTEX ON APRIL 28, 1978, AND JAN. 11, 1979, RESPECTIVELY AND ASSIGNS ITS ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORT-AGAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE;ASSIGNORS:WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC. A NY CORP.;ITT RAYONIER INCORPORATED, A DE CORP.;AVTEX FIBERS INC., A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0350 Effective date: 19800326 Owner name: NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY 501 BOYL Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 Owner name: PAUL REVERE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY THE C/O THE PAU Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 Owner name: PROVIDENT ALLIANCE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY C/O THE Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 Owner name: WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. Free format text: AGREEMENT WHEREBY AETNA RELEASES AVTEX FROM ALL MORTAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS IN SAID INVENTIONS AS OF JANUARY 11,1979, AND ASSIGNS TO ASSIGNEE THE ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORTAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE;ASSIGNORS:AETNA BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., A CORP. OF N.Y.;AVTEX FIBERS, INC, A CORP. OF NY;KELLOGG CREDIT CORP., A CORP. OF DEL.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0250 Effective date: 19800326 |