US3535209A - Method and apparatus for the highspeed carbonisation of solid fuels of small particle size,such as coal - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the highspeed carbonisation of solid fuels of small particle size,such as coal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3535209A
US3535209A US741404A US3535209DA US3535209A US 3535209 A US3535209 A US 3535209A US 741404 A US741404 A US 741404A US 3535209D A US3535209D A US 3535209DA US 3535209 A US3535209 A US 3535209A
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United States
Prior art keywords
carbonisation
chamber
stack
coal
particle size
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Expired - Lifetime
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US741404A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pierre Ledent
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INST NAT de l IND CHARBONNIERE
INST NATIONAL DE L'IND CHARBONNIERE
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INST NAT de l IND CHARBONNIERE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/08—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form
    • C10B49/10—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/16—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form
    • C10B49/20—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form
    • C10B49/22—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns improvements in or relating to method and apparatus for the high-speed carbonisation of solid fuels of small particle size, such as coal.
  • the method and apparatus of the present invention are designed to carbonise coal or other solid fuels of small particle size (in generaly up to mm.) up to a final temperature of the order of 700 to 900 C., in order to convert it to a semi-coke suitable, for example, as a thinner in coke paste or as a basic material for the manufacture of moulded coke.
  • the method and apparatus of the present invention overcome these difliculties and achieve three objectives.
  • the process in accordance with the invention combines preliminary carbonisation in fluidised bed fashion at a temperature in the order of 500 to 600 C., with carbonisation by entrainment through a vertical stack, at a final temperature between 700 and 900 C.
  • the heat required to raise the temperature of the semicoke in the stack may be supplied by the hot gases deriving from the combustion of all or part of the tarbearing gases resulting from fluidised bed process;
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational section of apparatus according to the invention and FIG. 2 a section on the line II-II of FIG. 1.
  • the preliminary carbonisation chamber 1 the base of which is a porous wall or a grid 2 through which an inert gas is blown at a speed sufficient to keep the fine particles of which the bed 3 is made up in a fluidised condition, is supplied with recycled hot semi-coke through an orifice 4 located above the surface of the fluidised bed, and with crude solid fuel from a rotary distributor 5 which distributes the fuel over the surface of the fluidised bed.
  • This preliminary carbonisation chamber 1 is associated with a pneumatic heating and stack (elevation) device.
  • the stack device comprises: a closed chamber 6 whose walls are lined with refractory material and which has a porous base, within which the particulate fuel to be processed is maintained in a fluidised condition by the introduction of an inert gas through the porous base; a vertical stack 7 which passes through the upper wall of the chamber 6 and extends into the said chamber down to the level of the aforementioned fluidised bed; and a burner 8 located tangentially within the vertical wall of the said chamber 6 and above the level of the fluidised bed.
  • the preliminary carbonisation chamber 1 communicates with chamber 6 via two orifices: a lower orifice 9, situated below the level of the fluidised bed through which passes the solid materials, and an upper orifice 10, through which the gas resulting from the fluidisation process and the distillation products (gas and tar) enamating from chamber 1, are injected tangentially into the chamber 6 at a level above the level of the fluidised bed.
  • the preheating of the system is eflected by the hot gases coming through the burner 8.
  • a second stack tube 12 of smaller diameter and sealed at least at the lower end may be provided inside the stack 7, the annular space exclusively between the two can be used for the circulation of the gases and the solids.
  • the gases and the solids are separated in the chamber 13.
  • the hot semi-coke is gravity evacuated into a porous-base chamber 14 communicating with the preliminary carbonisation chamber '1 through the orifice 4, said chamber 14 containing a weir 15 across which the excess semi-coke is discharged after passing through a fluidised siphon.
  • the hot gases at a temperature of the order of 700 to 900 C. and enriched with the distillation gases liberated from the semi-coke during its passage through the stack 7, are ridded of their solids content in the cyclone 16 after which they are directed into a chamber 17 where combustion of the residual gases takes place.
  • the flow of high temperature gases thus obtained may be used to produce steam in the waste-heat boiler 18 and, possibly, may also be used for other purposes such as pre-heating combustion air, re-heating the natural gases used for the fluidisation technique, or for drying solid fuel prior to its introduction into the carbonising installation.
  • the direct communication 10 designed to carry the tar-bearing gases can be discarded and replaced by an external link comprising a purifying system in which the gsa has the solids removed from it and the tars condensed, the purified gas being reinjected wholly or partly into the chamber 6 through the medium of the burner 11.
  • a process for the carbonization of a particulate solid fuel which comprises: in a first stage subjecting said solid fuel to preliminary carbonization at a temperature of from 500 to 600 C. in a fluidised bed; and, in a second stage, subjecting said carbonized solid fuel to further carbonization at a temperature of from 700 to 900 C. in a vertical stack by entraining said carbonized solid fuel in an inert gas, to produce a hot semi-coke; wherein the heat necessary for the preliminary carbonization in said first stage is provided by recycling part of said hotcoke, and in which the heat necessary for said further carbonization in said second stage is supplied by the hot gases resulting from combustion of all or part of the tar gases and vapours liberated during the said first stage.
  • Apparatus for carbonization of a particulate fuel comprising a fluidised bed, at least two closed porousbased vessels having means for blowing an inert gas through said porous based vessels, means for introducing particulate solid fuel into one of said vessels, a vertical stack passing through the top wall of the other vessel and extending inside said other vessel to the desired level of the fluidized bed, said two vessels communciating with one another through a lower orifice situated below the level of the fluidized bed, and through an upper orifice situated above the level of said fluidised bed and opening tangentially into said other vessel, and means at the upper end of said stack for separating the solid fuel from the inert gas.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the hot semi-coke coming from the stack is gravity returned to a porous-based vessel in which it is fluidised by the introduction of steam or neutral bases, which vessel communicates through an orifice situated above the level of the fluidised bed, with the vessel into which the crude coal is fed.
  • Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein means are provided to burn the residual gases contained in the gas mixture leaving the stack, the resultant head being utilised in a waste-heat boiler, in an even for drying the crude fuel or in air or gas heaters.
  • WILBUR L. BASCOMB 111.
  • Primary Examiner D. EDWARDS Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
US741404A 1967-07-12 1968-07-01 Method and apparatus for the highspeed carbonisation of solid fuels of small particle size,such as coal Expired - Lifetime US3535209A (en)

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BE701296 1967-07-12

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US3535209A true US3535209A (en) 1970-10-20

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BE (1) BE701296A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB1225027A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL6809159A (en(2012))

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3655518A (en) * 1968-11-20 1972-04-11 Metallgesellschaft Ag Retort system for oil shales and the like
US4244779A (en) * 1976-09-22 1981-01-13 A Ahlstrom Osakeyhtio Method of treating spent pulping liquor in a fluidized bed reactor
US4268358A (en) * 1976-12-31 1981-05-19 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Method of reducing the sulfur content of coal reduced to dust
US4439306A (en) * 1981-04-22 1984-03-27 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Process for the extraction of hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-bearing substrate and an apparatus therefor
US20090242377A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Metso Power Oy Pyrolysis method in connection with a boiler and a pyrolysis apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2339672C1 (ru) * 2007-07-16 2008-11-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский центр ПО "Бийскэнергомаш" (ООО "НИЦ ПО "Бийскэнергомаш") Способ переработки угля в кипящем слое

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2582712A (en) * 1947-05-17 1952-01-15 Standard Oil Dev Co Fluidized carbonization of solids
US3043752A (en) * 1957-10-30 1962-07-10 Charbonnages De France Process of low and high temperature fluidized carbonization of coal
US3140240A (en) * 1960-07-21 1964-07-07 Consolidation Coal Co Process for carbonizing coal
US3412013A (en) * 1967-02-15 1968-11-19 Mobil Oil Corp Regenerating a cracking catalyst by hydrogen and oxygen treatment

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2582712A (en) * 1947-05-17 1952-01-15 Standard Oil Dev Co Fluidized carbonization of solids
US3043752A (en) * 1957-10-30 1962-07-10 Charbonnages De France Process of low and high temperature fluidized carbonization of coal
US3140240A (en) * 1960-07-21 1964-07-07 Consolidation Coal Co Process for carbonizing coal
US3412013A (en) * 1967-02-15 1968-11-19 Mobil Oil Corp Regenerating a cracking catalyst by hydrogen and oxygen treatment

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3655518A (en) * 1968-11-20 1972-04-11 Metallgesellschaft Ag Retort system for oil shales and the like
US4244779A (en) * 1976-09-22 1981-01-13 A Ahlstrom Osakeyhtio Method of treating spent pulping liquor in a fluidized bed reactor
US4268358A (en) * 1976-12-31 1981-05-19 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Method of reducing the sulfur content of coal reduced to dust
US4439306A (en) * 1981-04-22 1984-03-27 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Process for the extraction of hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-bearing substrate and an apparatus therefor
US20090242377A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Metso Power Oy Pyrolysis method in connection with a boiler and a pyrolysis apparatus
US8287697B2 (en) * 2008-03-31 2012-10-16 Metso Power Oy Pyrolysis method in connection with a boiler and a pyrolysis apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6809159A (en(2012)) 1969-01-14
GB1225027A (en) 1971-03-17
BE701296A (en(2012)) 1967-12-18

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