US3527418A - Apparatus of separating a sheet into chips - Google Patents

Apparatus of separating a sheet into chips Download PDF

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Publication number
US3527418A
US3527418A US3527418DA US3527418A US 3527418 A US3527418 A US 3527418A US 3527418D A US3527418D A US 3527418DA US 3527418 A US3527418 A US 3527418A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
chips
sheet material
slits
separating
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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Inventor
Virgil Spencer
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Armstrong World Industries Inc
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Armstrong Cork Co
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/25—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member
    • B26D1/34—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut
    • B26D1/38—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut and coacting with a fixed blade or other fixed member
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00—Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/30—Breaking or tearing apparatus
    • Y10T225/307—Combined with preliminary weakener or with nonbreaking cutter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00—Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/30—Breaking or tearing apparatus
    • Y10T225/329—Plural breakers

Definitions

  • Plastic particles are calendered into a sheet which is cooled by a cooling bath.
  • the sheet is fed into a slitter which places intermittent cross-machine direction slits in the sheet.
  • the sheet is then fed into a grinder where the knife-hammers traveling at high speed fracture the sheet into irregularly shaped chips.
  • the invention is directed towards an apparatus for reducing a sheet material into a plurality of chips.
  • the chips are formed by fracturing the sheet material into a plurality of small particles.
  • the chips may then later be used to form the design of a floor covering material.
  • Another common method of forming chips is to separate the sheet into a plurality of small squares. The square pieces are then fed into the grinder which shatters the squares to form the plurality of small chips.
  • the invention herein provides for a relative size con trol because the intermittent slits serve to prevent formation of excessively large chips.
  • the provision of the intermittent slits in the rigid sheet has the effect of controlling the fracture pattern and prevents the generation of large chips.
  • the sheet material is formed and then cooled to provide it with a suflicient degree of rigidity.
  • the slits are then placed in the sheet, but due to their positioning and the use of a back-up roller merely form the slits in the sheet and do not tend to shatter the sheet into chips.
  • the sheet with slits is then fed towards high-speed knifehammers which strike the relatively unsupported sheet and fracture or shatter the sheet into a plurality of small chips.
  • the slits control the degree of fracturing and the size of chips generated.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the total apparatus for separating a sheet into chips
  • FIG. 2 is a prospective view of the principal elements used to form chips
  • FIG. 3 is a typical pattern breakdown using the process of this application.
  • FIG. 4 is a typical pattern breakdown using customary prior art processes.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a layout of the apparatus used to form the sheet material and then separate the sheet material into chips.
  • a conventional calender roll structure 2 is used to form the sheet material.
  • the plastic particles 4 are fed between the rollers 5 and 6 of the calender roll structure.
  • the particles are pressed into a sheet and then by means of a doctor blade 8 stripped from the upper roller 5.
  • the sheet 10 is fed into a chilled water bath 12 to harden the plastic material and form a brittle sheet structure. As the sheet material leaves the water bath 12 an air squeegee structure 14 blows the excess water off the sheet material.
  • the sheet material then passes to the scorer or slitter 16 which is composed of two rolls 17 and 18.
  • Roll 17 has intermittently spaced blunt or knife-edge blades on its outer periphery which engage with the sheet material to crack or slit the sheet to form the slits.
  • the back-up roll 18 has recesses which are correspondingly placed relative to the blades of the roll 17.
  • the slitter structure places intermittent slits 19 in the sheet material.
  • the slits are intermittently spaced in a straight-line pattern crosswise of the direction of sheet travel.
  • the slits are also alternately spaced relative to the next adjacent row of slits.
  • the sheet material with its slit structure now passes onto the grinder 20.
  • the grinder has a plurality of knives or hammers 21 circumferentially spaced around the periphery of the roller that carries the knives of the grinder.
  • the knives 21 engage the sheet material as it is fed towards the grinder, and when they strike the sheet in its brittle state, cause the sheet to shatter into a plurality of small chips (see FIG. 3).
  • the perforated screen 22 acts as a size grading grid and permits the properly sized chips 24 to pass therethrough into a collection chamber 26. Any oversize chips retained in the region between the grinder roll and its knives and the perforated screen 22 are further reduced in size by being subsequently struck by the knives 21.
  • FIG. 4 shows the chip breakdown pattern of the conventional square particle used in the prior art techniques.
  • the chip breakdown pattern clearly shows that a large number of the chips will have one and, in some cases, two straight sides. Particularly those chips with the two straight sides forming a corner have been found objectionable in a floor covering.
  • the chips when spread out in a random pattern to form a chip design for the flooring, have their best aesthetic appearance when all the chips are irregular in shape.
  • the existence of a large number of chips with straight edges, and particularly chips with two straight edges at a 90 angle provides a flooring design that does not give a pleasing aesthetic appearance.
  • the chip breakdown pattern of this invention has no two straight-edge 90 angle chip structures formed and has a minimum of chips formed with one straight edge. This structure more nearly approaches the irregular contour that one expects to see when one is similating a ground stone pattern.
  • a preferred plastic for use with this process is a polyvinyl chloride homopolymer composition.
  • a water bath of 50 F. is used and the grinder, which is a conventional Taylor Stiles giant -mill, is run at 850 revolutions per minute.
  • the slitter produces slits in the sheet material that are 1 /2 long and 1 /2" apart.
  • the apparatus produces chips of A to in size.
  • the particular plastic used determines the cooling bath temperature so that the sheet material is brittle enough to shatter when struck a blow by the knives of the grinder.
  • the slits can be spaced from /2" to 2" apart and this spacing will affect the size of the chips produced.
  • Other plastics may be used, for example: a polyvinyl chloride copolymer, a polyvinyl acetate, or a combination polyvinyl chloride copolymer and homopolymer.
  • all the above plastics may be unfilled r filled to various percentages.
  • An apparatus for separating a sheet into a plurality of chips comprising: means for advancing a sheet material to a slitter, said slitter being composed of two coacting rolls, one carrying a plurality of protruding knife blades around its periphery, said slitter placing a plurality of intermittently spaced slits in the sheet material, and a grinder positioned adjacent the slitter and carrying a plurality of knife blades which rotate at a high speed and strike the slit sheet material shortly after it leaves the slitter whereby the sheet is fractured into a plurality of small irregular chips.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Description

Sept. 8, 1970 Filed Aug. 7, 1967 V. SPENCER.
APPARATUS OF SEPARATING A SHEET INTO CHIPS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR VIRGIL SPENCER ATTORNEY Sept. 8, 1970 v. SPENCER 3,527,418
APPARATUS OF SEPARATING A SHEET INTO CHIPS Filed Aug. '7, 1967 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR VIRGIL SPENCER I D BY W km ATTORNEY United States Patent O 3,527,418 APPARATUS OF SEPARATING A SHEET INTO CHIPS Virgil Spencer, Lancaster, Pa., assignor to Armstrong Cork Company, Lancaster, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Aug. 7, 1967, Ser. No. 658,675 Int. Cl. B021: 19/1 US. Cl. 241-401 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Apparatus for separating a sheet into chips for use in the formation of a floor covering. Plastic particles are calendered into a sheet which is cooled by a cooling bath. The sheet is fed into a slitter which places intermittent cross-machine direction slits in the sheet. The sheet is then fed into a grinder where the knife-hammers traveling at high speed fracture the sheet into irregularly shaped chips.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention The invention is directed towards an apparatus for reducing a sheet material into a plurality of chips. The chips are formed by fracturing the sheet material into a plurality of small particles. The chips may then later be used to form the design of a floor covering material.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART A number of different methods of reducing a sheet material to a chip structure are shown in US. Pat. Nos. 2,145,862; 2,516,295; and 2,601,200. In the first-mentioned patent the sheet is shredded by passing the sheet through a set of rollers, one being adjusted to rotate at a rate substantially greater than the other. In the second mentioned patent a brittle sheet is fed between two sawtooth crushers which chop the sheet into a plurality of pieces. In the third patent there is disclosed a chip forming structure which uses a single high-speed cutter to cut a sheet material into a plurality of small pieces.
Another common method of forming chips is to separate the sheet into a plurality of small squares. The square pieces are then fed into the grinder which shatters the squares to form the plurality of small chips.
The primary problem with the previously mentioned prior art method is the formation of a large number of chips with one straight side and some chips with two straight sides at a right angle. With the methods set forth in the above patents, there exists a problem in the controlling of the size of the chips so as to secure a more or less uniform gradation of uniform sizes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention herein provides for a relative size con trol because the intermittent slits serve to prevent formation of excessively large chips. The provision of the intermittent slits in the rigid sheet has the effect of controlling the fracture pattern and prevents the generation of large chips.
The sheet material is formed and then cooled to provide it with a suflicient degree of rigidity. The slits are then placed in the sheet, but due to their positioning and the use of a back-up roller merely form the slits in the sheet and do not tend to shatter the sheet into chips. The sheet with slits is then fed towards high-speed knifehammers which strike the relatively unsupported sheet and fracture or shatter the sheet into a plurality of small chips. The slits control the degree of fracturing and the size of chips generated.
The use of intermittent slits, rather than the formation 3,527,418 Patented Sept. 8, 1970 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a side view of the total apparatus for separating a sheet into chips;
FIG. 2 is a prospective view of the principal elements used to form chips;
FIG. 3 is a typical pattern breakdown using the process of this application; and
FIG. 4 is a typical pattern breakdown using customary prior art processes.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a layout of the apparatus used to form the sheet material and then separate the sheet material into chips. A conventional calender roll structure 2 is used to form the sheet material. The plastic particles 4 are fed between the rollers 5 and 6 of the calender roll structure. The particles are pressed into a sheet and then by means of a doctor blade 8 stripped from the upper roller 5.
The sheet 10 is fed into a chilled water bath 12 to harden the plastic material and form a brittle sheet structure. As the sheet material leaves the water bath 12 an air squeegee structure 14 blows the excess water off the sheet material.
The sheet material then passes to the scorer or slitter 16 which is composed of two rolls 17 and 18. Roll 17 has intermittently spaced blunt or knife-edge blades on its outer periphery which engage with the sheet material to crack or slit the sheet to form the slits. The back-up roll 18 has recesses which are correspondingly placed relative to the blades of the roll 17. As seen in FIG. 2 the slitter structure places intermittent slits 19 in the sheet material. The slits are intermittently spaced in a straight-line pattern crosswise of the direction of sheet travel. The slits are also alternately spaced relative to the next adjacent row of slits.
The sheet material with its slit structure now passes onto the grinder 20. The grinder has a plurality of knives or hammers 21 circumferentially spaced around the periphery of the roller that carries the knives of the grinder. The knives 21 engage the sheet material as it is fed towards the grinder, and when they strike the sheet in its brittle state, cause the sheet to shatter into a plurality of small chips (see FIG. 3). The perforated screen 22 acts as a size grading grid and permits the properly sized chips 24 to pass therethrough into a collection chamber 26. Any oversize chips retained in the region between the grinder roll and its knives and the perforated screen 22 are further reduced in size by being subsequently struck by the knives 21.
FIG. 4 shows the chip breakdown pattern of the conventional square particle used in the prior art techniques. The chip breakdown pattern clearly shows that a large number of the chips will have one and, in some cases, two straight sides. Particularly those chips with the two straight sides forming a corner have been found objectionable in a floor covering. The chips, when spread out in a random pattern to form a chip design for the flooring, have their best aesthetic appearance when all the chips are irregular in shape. The existence of a large number of chips with straight edges, and particularly chips with two straight edges at a 90 angle, provides a flooring design that does not give a pleasing aesthetic appearance.
As seen in FIG. 3, the chip breakdown pattern of this invention has no two straight-edge 90 angle chip structures formed and has a minimum of chips formed with one straight edge. This structure more nearly approaches the irregular contour that one expects to see when one is similating a ground stone pattern.
A preferred plastic for use with this process is a polyvinyl chloride homopolymer composition. With this plastic, a water bath of 50 F. is used and the grinder, which is a conventional Taylor Stiles giant -mill, is run at 850 revolutions per minute. The slitter produces slits in the sheet material that are 1 /2 long and 1 /2" apart. The apparatus produces chips of A to in size.
The particular plastic used determines the cooling bath temperature so that the sheet material is brittle enough to shatter when struck a blow by the knives of the grinder. The slits can be spaced from /2" to 2" apart and this spacing will affect the size of the chips produced. Other plastics may be used, for example: a polyvinyl chloride copolymer, a polyvinyl acetate, or a combination polyvinyl chloride copolymer and homopolymer. In addition, all the above plastics may be unfilled r filled to various percentages.
The above is a description of a preferred embodiment and some alternate plastics that may be used, but the invention is to be limited to only that which is set forth in the claims.
I claim:
1. An apparatus for separating a sheet into a plurality of chips comprising: means for advancing a sheet material to a slitter, said slitter being composed of two coacting rolls, one carrying a plurality of protruding knife blades around its periphery, said slitter placing a plurality of intermittently spaced slits in the sheet material, and a grinder positioned adjacent the slitter and carrying a plurality of knife blades which rotate at a high speed and strike the slit sheet material shortly after it leaves the slitter whereby the sheet is fractured into a plurality of small irregular chips.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the grinder has positi ned adjacent thereto a perforated screen for size grading of the chips whereby oversized chips are subject to further fracturing until reduced to the desired size.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the means for 1 moving the sheet material constitutes a calendar roll structure which forms plastic particles into a sheet material and forces the material through a chilling water bath towards the slitter.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein means position the knives around the periphery of the slitter axis to provide the sheet material with a slit pattern that is intermittenly spaced crosswise and lengthwise of the sheet material.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2830772A (en) * 1954-02-24 1958-04-15 Johns Manville Nodulator for mineral wool
US3031745A (en) * 1959-06-01 1962-05-01 Dzialo Frank Machine and method for reclaiming tin cans and the like to be made into alloyed billets of tin and metal
US3076999A (en) * 1960-04-25 1963-02-12 Du Pont Extrusion and bead cutting machine
US3119146A (en) * 1958-01-31 1964-01-28 Phillips Petroleum Co Polymer drying process and apparatus
US3217988A (en) * 1963-08-09 1965-11-16 William E Lightfoot Rotary cutting devices

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2830772A (en) * 1954-02-24 1958-04-15 Johns Manville Nodulator for mineral wool
US3119146A (en) * 1958-01-31 1964-01-28 Phillips Petroleum Co Polymer drying process and apparatus
US3031745A (en) * 1959-06-01 1962-05-01 Dzialo Frank Machine and method for reclaiming tin cans and the like to be made into alloyed billets of tin and metal
US3076999A (en) * 1960-04-25 1963-02-12 Du Pont Extrusion and bead cutting machine
US3217988A (en) * 1963-08-09 1965-11-16 William E Lightfoot Rotary cutting devices

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