US3523794A - Developers containing silver halide solvents - Google Patents

Developers containing silver halide solvents Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3523794A
US3523794A US650631A US3523794DA US3523794A US 3523794 A US3523794 A US 3523794A US 650631 A US650631 A US 650631A US 3523794D A US3523794D A US 3523794DA US 3523794 A US3523794 A US 3523794A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
silver halide
reversal
color
development
developing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US650631A
Inventor
Vincent J Miceli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
GAF Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GAF Corp filed Critical GAF Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3523794A publication Critical patent/US3523794A/en
Assigned to EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, A CORP. OF NJ. reassignment EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, A CORP. OF NJ. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: GAF CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/50Reversal development; Contact processes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photographic developers and particularly to an improved first developer for reversal color processing.
  • sulfites are usually added to photographic developing solutions for the purpose of preventing oxidation of the developing agent.
  • the sulfites also have a slight solvent effect on the silver halides and as the development progresses they actually dissolve a small quantity of each silver halide grain thereby minimizing the tendency for clump formation which would increase graininess.
  • This solvent action has been recognized as essential in reversal processes for acceleration of development and the like.
  • a silver halide solvent, in addition to sulfites is necessary otherwise the development will be so slow that the reversal highlights are not cleaned out and are heavy or dense in the final image.
  • the solvent should accomplish the primary purpose of cleaning out the reversal highlights without disolving the unexposed silver halide and without the development of fog in the unexposed area of the film. This means that in the ordinary negative development the silver halide should be completely reduced in the fully exposed areas and the silver halide solvent helps to accomplish this purpose.
  • These solvents should not produce an unusually great amount of latent image growth, that is, they should not develop silver halide to any great extent in the regions surrounding the exposed portions.
  • Still another characteristic which a silver halide solvent should possess is its ability to promote resolving power and definition and in a color process it should improve the color saturation and brightness of the final image.
  • Still other eifects which the silver halide solvent should produce are an increase in penetration of the developing agent which is important in the development of multilayer materials, a reduction in grain size, an improvement in resolution at the edges of the image and an increase in the effective reversal speed of the material.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a novel silver halide solvent which eifectively restrain fog formation without loss of development speed.
  • a still further object of this invention is the provision of a novel first developing solution suitable for use in reversal color processing and which provides an increase in effective reversal speed of the material.
  • the amount of sodium bromide employed in the developing solution of the invention is many times the amount of sodium bromide normally employed in conventional developers for reversal color processes.
  • EXAMPLE A reversal color film commercially available under the name GAF Anscochrome film was used for this example.
  • This multilayer color reversal film containing formers is prepared according to the methods described in U.S. Pats. 2,179,228, 2,179,239, 2,186,849 and 2,220,187, and consists of an integral tripack emulsion coated on the usual clear cellulose acetate or nitrate film base.
  • Each of the emulsions is sensitized to one of the primary colors of light namely, blue, green, and red.
  • the top layer is blue sensitive.
  • Each of the three silver halide ernu1- sion layers contains dye forming compounds which unite during the development of the silver image in an aromatic amino developing agent to form a dye with the oxidation product of the developing agent. The fihn was imagewise exposed and then developed for 23 minutes at 68 F. with a developer of the following compositions:
  • the film was washed for five minutes, hardened in an aqueous solution containing an inorganic hardener, e.g., alum, chrome alum, washed, given a second exposure and then developed with N,N -diethyl-p-phenylenediamine color developer. This film is subsequently washed, bleached if necessary, washed and then fixed, washed and dried.
  • an inorganic hardener e.g., alum, chrome alum
  • the finished transparency had excellent pictorial qualities and the image was superior to conventionally processed films by showing higher maximum densities in all layers, thus giving the impression of deeper colors including black. This improvement was made possible by reducing the amount of fog produced during the first negative development thus leaving more silver halide available in the unexposed areas available for color formation during the second, color-forming development.
  • a photographic developer solution according to claim 1 which comprises:

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,523,794 DEVELOPERS CONTAINING SILVER HALIDE SOLVENTS Vincent J. Miceli, Conklin, N.Y., assignor to GAF Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed July 3, 1967, Ser. No. 650,631
Int. Cl. G03c 5/30, 5/50, 7/00 U.S. Cl. 596-59 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE First developers for reversal process color development containing high concentration of an alkali metal bromide.
This invention relates to photographic developers and particularly to an improved first developer for reversal color processing.
It is known that sulfites are usually added to photographic developing solutions for the purpose of preventing oxidation of the developing agent. In addition it has been observed that the sulfites also have a slight solvent effect on the silver halides and as the development progresses they actually dissolve a small quantity of each silver halide grain thereby minimizing the tendency for clump formation which would increase graininess. This solvent action has been recognized as essential in reversal processes for acceleration of development and the like. In fact, it has been found that a silver halide solvent, in addition to sulfites is necessary otherwise the development will be so slow that the reversal highlights are not cleaned out and are heavy or dense in the final image.
With the advent of the use of silver halide solvents many problems arose as to the properties of said solvents in satisfying the requirements in negative developers. To be suitable for use the solvent should accomplish the primary purpose of cleaning out the reversal highlights without disolving the unexposed silver halide and without the development of fog in the unexposed area of the film. This means that in the ordinary negative development the silver halide should be completely reduced in the fully exposed areas and the silver halide solvent helps to accomplish this purpose. These solvents should not produce an unusually great amount of latent image growth, that is, they should not develop silver halide to any great extent in the regions surrounding the exposed portions.
Still another characteristic which a silver halide solvent should possess is its ability to promote resolving power and definition and in a color process it should improve the color saturation and brightness of the final image.
Still other eifects which the silver halide solvent should produce are an increase in penetration of the developing agent which is important in the development of multilayer materials, a reduction in grain size, an improvement in resolution at the edges of the image and an increase in the effective reversal speed of the material.
Thus it is an object of the invention to provide a novel silver halide solvent for photographic developers.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a novel silver halide solvent which eifectively restrain fog formation without loss of development speed.
A still further object of this invention is the provision of a novel first developing solution suitable for use in reversal color processing and which provides an increase in effective reversal speed of the material.
I have discovered that these and other objects of the invention can be readily accomplished by incorporating into photographic developing solutions high concentrations of an alkali metal bromide. 1
While the mechanism of acceleration is not completely understood it is believed that such large amounts of alkali metal bromide in the developing solution increase the solubility of silver halide in the developing solution and thus promotes the physical development of the halide. It also reduces the quantity of silver halide remaining to be developed and consequently increases the effective reversal speed of the material. This acceleration is accomplish without excessive fog formation which is accompanied with the use of most silver halide solvents.
The developing solution which has been found effective for use in reversal color processing is as follows:
Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid grams 0-2.0 Alkali metal sulfite do 5-100 Metol do 1-5 Hydroquinone do 2-10 Alkali metal bromide do 10-50 Alkali metal carbonate do 10100 Alkali metal iodide milligrams 0-50 Water to make 1.0 liter.
Thus, it may be observed that the amount of sodium bromide employed in the developing solution of the invention is many times the amount of sodium bromide normally employed in conventional developers for reversal color processes.
The following example will serve to illustrate the practice of the invention:
EXAMPLE A reversal color film commercially available under the name GAF Anscochrome film was used for this example. This multilayer color reversal film containing formers is prepared according to the methods described in U.S. Pats. 2,179,228, 2,179,239, 2,186,849 and 2,220,187, and consists of an integral tripack emulsion coated on the usual clear cellulose acetate or nitrate film base. Each of the emulsions is sensitized to one of the primary colors of light namely, blue, green, and red. The top layer is blue sensitive. A filter layer, yellow in color and blue absorbing, lies under the top layer. Below this filter lies a green sensitive emulsion layer and below this is a red sensitive emulsion layer. Each of the three silver halide ernu1- sion layers contains dye forming compounds which unite during the development of the silver image in an aromatic amino developing agent to form a dye with the oxidation product of the developing agent. The fihn was imagewise exposed and then developed for 23 minutes at 68 F. with a developer of the following compositions:
Water to make 1.0 liter.
The film was washed for five minutes, hardened in an aqueous solution containing an inorganic hardener, e.g., alum, chrome alum, washed, given a second exposure and then developed with N,N -diethyl-p-phenylenediamine color developer. This film is subsequently washed, bleached if necessary, washed and then fixed, washed and dried.
The finished transparency had excellent pictorial qualities and the image was superior to conventionally processed films by showing higher maximum densities in all layers, thus giving the impression of deeper colors including black. This improvement was made possible by reducing the amount of fog produced during the first negative development thus leaving more silver halide available in the unexposed areas available for color formation during the second, color-forming development.
Various modifications of the invention will occur to persons skilled in the art therefore it is not intended that 3 the invention be limited in the patent granted except as necessitated by the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In the process of developing a color film of the reversal type which includes the steps of imagewise exposing a film, developing it with a first developing bath for silver halide, re-exposing to light, color developing the same, the improvement comprising employing as the first developing bath an aqueous developing solution comprising:
Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid grams 0-2.0
Alkali metal sulfite d0 5-100 Metol do 1-5 Hydroquinone d0 2-10 Alkali metal bromide do 10-50 Alkali metal carbonate do 10-100 Alkali metal iodide milligrams 0-50 Water to make 1.0 liter.
2. A photographic developer solution according to claim 1 which comprises:
4 Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid grams 0.8 Sodium sulfite do 20.0 Metol do 3.0 Hydroquinone do 6.0 Sodium bromide do 20.0 Sodium carbonate do 45.0 Potassium iodide milligrams 5.0 Water to make 1.0 liter.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,979,406 4/ 1961 Taylor et a1 9666 NORMAN G. TORCHIN, Primary Examiner E. C. KIMLIN, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X. R. 9650, 55, 66
Disclaimer 3,523,794.Vincent J. Miceli, Conklin, N.Y. DEVELOPERS CONTAINING SILVER HALIDE SOLVENTS. Patent dated Aug. 11, 1970. Disclaimer filed Sept. 30, 1982, by the assignee, Eastman Kodak Co.
Hereby enters this disclaimer to all claims of said patent. [Official Gazette October 4, 1983.]
US650631A 1967-07-03 1967-07-03 Developers containing silver halide solvents Expired - Lifetime US3523794A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65063167A 1967-07-03 1967-07-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3523794A true US3523794A (en) 1970-08-11

Family

ID=24609672

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US650631A Expired - Lifetime US3523794A (en) 1967-07-03 1967-07-03 Developers containing silver halide solvents

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3523794A (en)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2979406A (en) * 1956-04-11 1961-04-11 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Single powder photographic developers

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2979406A (en) * 1956-04-11 1961-04-11 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Single powder photographic developers

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2763550A (en) Silver sound track on multilayer color films
DE850383C (en) Process for the production of a direct positive image in a silver halide emulsion
DE884150C (en) Process for the formation of a direct positive image in a silver halide emulsion
GB503814A (en) Improvements in three-colour photographic materials
US2518686A (en) Aldehyde antistain baths for developed color photographic material
US2515121A (en) Process for preventing stains in photographic color material by treatment with basic acids immediately prior to drying
US2490751A (en) Mixed grain multilayer photographic film and process
US3035913A (en) Photographic tone correction
US2113329A (en) Color photography
US2515147A (en) Photographic developer containing an aralkylamine and process of development
US1976301A (en) Method of producing a plurality of colored images in a single photographic emulsion layer
US2475134A (en) Sulfite antistain bath for multilayer color film
US3523794A (en) Developers containing silver halide solvents
US2623822A (en) Method of obtaining multicolored photographic images of increased color density
US3832179A (en) Inhibition of fog in photographic color development
US2231684A (en) Monopack film sensitized with layers containing different silver halides
US3523793A (en) Developers containing silver halide solvents
US2699994A (en) Photographic treating solutions containing ferricyanide ions and alpha ether carboxylic acid compounds
US2327822A (en) Reversal duplicating process
US1966330A (en) Process for making two-color subtractive photographic prints on double-coated film
US2848326A (en) Method for preparing masked images
US3615529A (en) Rapid developing photographic materials containing arginine
US3126282A (en) Najcoj-hzo
GB541266A (en) Improvements in methods of producing colour photographs employing colour correction
US2553498A (en) First developer for multilayer color film of the reversal type

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, 343 STATE ST. ROCHESTER, N.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GAF CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004049/0808

Effective date: 19820910

DC Disclaimer filed

Effective date: 19820930