US3523761A - Reaction vessel with coil contact heat exchange - Google Patents
Reaction vessel with coil contact heat exchange Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3523761A US3523761A US584264A US3523761DA US3523761A US 3523761 A US3523761 A US 3523761A US 584264 A US584264 A US 584264A US 3523761D A US3523761D A US 3523761DA US 3523761 A US3523761 A US 3523761A
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- Prior art keywords
- coil
- circulating
- tube
- circulation
- shell
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
- B01J19/1868—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside resulting in a loop-type movement
- B01J19/1875—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside resulting in a loop-type movement internally, i.e. the mixture circulating inside the vessel such that the upwards stream is separated physically from the downwards stream(s)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
- B01F35/93—Heating or cooling systems arranged inside the receptacle
Definitions
- This invention relates to apparatus for circulation mixing processing of liquids or liquids and finely divided solids and refers more particularly to such apparatus wherein temperature control of the contents of the vessel is greatly important.
- Analogous circulating tube reaction vessels may be seen in the patents to Webb et al., 3,027,242, issued Mar. 27, 1962, for Concentric Injector for Circulating Tube Reactor, the patent to H. W. Stratford, 2,909,534, issued Oct. 20, 1959, Vertical Contactor With 'Features, the patent to H. W. Stratford, 2,840,355, issued June 24, 1958, for Mixing Vessel.
- the patent to D. H. Putney, 2,800,- 307, issued July 23, 1957, Apparatus for Controlling Temperature Change of Blends of Fluids or Fluids and Finely Divided Solids is also pertinent.
- the latter and the earlier mentioned patents are particularly directed to horizontal types of circulating vessels, while the second and third patents are vertical vessels, with which the present invention is concerned.
- An object of the instant invention is to provide a circulating reaction vessel employing a circulation tube and heat exchanging means wherein- (1) The heat exchanging means is itself a portion of the circulation tube,
- the portion of the heat exchanging means comprising part of the circulation tube comprises a wrapped coil with adjacent coils spaced, one from the other, to permit passage of limited quantities of fluid therebetween,
- Variations of circulating tube coil construction are provided to achieve certain flow managing and controlling effects.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a greatly improved mixing vessel for use in processes such as grease or soap manufacture wherein continuous working of the product is achievable during heating and/or cooling of same, whereby to improve yield and stability of the product, wherein better working of the product is achievtable than in previously available systems due to additional shear application thereto and wherein greatly improved heat transfer during heating or cooling is achievable to the unique structure of the mixing vessel.
- Another objects of the invention are to provide highly efficient mixing machines and devices in which the materials charged to the mixer are rapidly and uniformly mixed and dispersed and then maintained in a continuous state of agitation and circulation, a multiplicity of paths of circulation of varying length being provided for return from parts of the circulation tube to the impeller.
- Another object is to provide an advanced and improved mixing vessel for use in grease production which will markedly aid in the production of more and different types of soap stocks and some finished greases, such as, soda, lime, aluminum, barium, lithium, mixed-base and newer acetate-complex soaps.
- Other objects of the invention include providing a circulating mixing vessel having maximum efiiciency of internal circulation and heat transfer within the unit, wherein there is provided close control and adjustability of the heating system, whereby same can be maintained at a fixed level above the required critical temperature of soap in process, wherein near instantaneous mixing is provided of maximum benefit in promoting chemical reaction and also continuous circulation which promotes heat transfer and wherein improved means of removing volatiles are provided, as well as a vessel which permits a greater variation in the amount of material any one contacting or mixing vessel can itself handle.
- Other and further objects of the invention include, in the manufacture of grease stocks and soaps, as well as greases per se, the production and obtaining of finer soap particles, whereby to obtain more powerful gelling action, wherein more eificient use of the material charged to the reactor is achieved by the fine subdivision and dispersion of particles in the desired lattice-like structure, thereby to obtain grease with better flow properties and finer fibers.
- Additional objects include the provision of a circulating and working vessel for greases wherein the elimination of batch losses requiring reworking is achieved, rapid and complete saponification of the various alkali metal soap stocks is obtained, significant savings in the cost of ingredients and the time required to produce the common soap bases used in the grease industry are achieved and thus the production of uniform, finely divided soaps is promoted.
- Another object of the invention is to improve heat transfer by inducting greater and greater varieties of turbulence in same across heat transfer surfaces spaced various distances from the impeller.
- Another object is to provide a contacting circulating heat exchange vessel which utilizes a spaced, wrapped heating coil which is self-cleaning; that is, after the soap has been blown out of the vessel, oil may be circulated which will entirely clean the coil.
- FIG. 1 is a side, partly sectional view of a vertical contacting vessel embodying the instant invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line 22 of FIG. 1 in the direction of the arrows.
- A'vacuum may be pulled at the top of the vessel.
- the remaining oil is now added at ambient temperature to a level over the coil.
- Condensate (steam) is run through the coil.
- the soap crystals form and are worked through the gaps.
- circulation through the gap ceases and the impeller cavitates.
- the coil steam temperature is held slightly below bridging temperature. Thereafter the soap is blown out of line 11 to the finishing kettle. Oil cleaning with or without heating follows with removal of oil through line 11.
- a mixing device comprising an outer enclosing shell
- a circulating tube positioned within said outer shell and spaced inwardly therefrom concentrically and longitudinally,
- said circulating tube comprising a helical wrapped coil, the successive wraps of said coil so spaced from one another as to provide an elongate helical gap whereby fluids circulating within said vessel around said circulating tube pass through said gap,
- a mixing device comprising:
- a circulating tube positioned within said outer shell and spaced inwardly therefrom both concentrically and longitudinally,
- said circulating tube comprising a helical wrapped coil, the successive wraps of said coil so spaced as to provide an elongate helical gap whereby fluids circulating within said shell and around said circulating tube pass through said gap,
- a mixing device to forceably circulate fluids with coil contact heat exchange comprising:
- a circulating tube of essentially three-piece, unitary construction vertically positioned within said outer shell and spaced inwardly therefrom both concentrically and longitudinally whereby to provide an outer annulus between said shell and said tube and a central passageway inwardly of said tube for continuous circulation of fluids therearound,
- said circulating tube having a lower portion thereof of lesser inner diameter of cylindrical shape, an intermediate portion of inverted frusto-conical shape surmounting said lower portion, and an upper greater internal diameter portion substantially cylindrical in shape and surmounting said intermediate portion,
- an impeller concentrically positioned within the lower portion of said circulating tube to sweep substantially the cross section thereof and operable to circulate fluids
- the upper portion of said circulating tube comprising a single helical wrapped coil in which the successive wraps of said coil are so vertically spaced as to provide therebetween an elongate helical gap, whereby a substantial portion of all fluids circulating around said lower and intermediate portions of said circulating tube are forced in lateral circulation through said helical gap,
- said successive wraps of said coil also so spaced as to require fluid circulation to and through at least substantially the uppermost portion of the gap as well as through the lowermost portion of said helical p,
- each of the successive wraps toward the upper end of said coil increases in diameter, thus incrementally decreasing the annulus between said shell and circulating tube in an upward direction.
Description
United States Patient 3,523,761 REACTION VESSEL WITH COIL CONTACT HEAT EXCHANGE Ward A. Graham, Kansas City, Mo., assignor to Stratford Engineering Corporation, Kansas City, Mo., a corporation of Delaware Filed Oct. 4, 1966, Ser. No. 584,264 Int. Cl. F28f 13/06 U.S. Cl. 23-285 6 Claims ABSTRACT on THE DISCLOSURE A circulating reaction vessel utilizing a circulation tube and including heat exchanging means wherein: (1) the heat exchanging means is itself a portion of the circulation tube, (2) the portion of the heat exchanging means which is part of the circulation tube comprises a wrapped coil with adjacent coils spaced, one from the other, to permit passage of limited quantities of fluid therebetween" and (3) variations of structure of the circulating tube coil are provided in order to achieve flow managing and controlling effects.
This invention relates to apparatus for circulation mixing processing of liquids or liquids and finely divided solids and refers more particularly to such apparatus wherein temperature control of the contents of the vessel is greatly important.
Analogous circulating tube reaction vessels may be seen in the patents to Webb et al., 3,027,242, issued Mar. 27, 1962, for Concentric Injector for Circulating Tube Reactor, the patent to H. W. Stratford, 2,909,534, issued Oct. 20, 1959, Vertical Contactor With 'Features, the patent to H. W. Stratford, 2,840,355, issued June 24, 1958, for Mixing Vessel. The patent to D. H. Putney, 2,800,- 307, issued July 23, 1957, Apparatus for Controlling Temperature Change of Blends of Fluids or Fluids and Finely Divided Solids is also pertinent. The latter and the earlier mentioned patents are particularly directed to horizontal types of circulating vessels, while the second and third patents are vertical vessels, with which the present invention is concerned.
An object of the instant invention is to provide a circulating reaction vessel employing a circulation tube and heat exchanging means wherein- (1) The heat exchanging means is itself a portion of the circulation tube,
(2) The portion of the heat exchanging means comprising part of the circulation tube comprises a wrapped coil with adjacent coils spaced, one from the other, to permit passage of limited quantities of fluid therebetween,
(3) Variations of circulating tube coil construction are provided to achieve certain flow managing and controlling effects.
Other objects of the invention include the modification of a heat exchanging vertical circulation tube containing contactor utilizing a Wrapped coil wherein greatly increased heating rates and working of the circulating materials are accomplished.
Another object of the invention is to provide a greatly improved mixing vessel for use in processes such as grease or soap manufacture wherein continuous working of the product is achievable during heating and/or cooling of same, whereby to improve yield and stability of the product, wherein better working of the product is achievtable than in previously available systems due to additional shear application thereto and wherein greatly improved heat transfer during heating or cooling is achievable to the unique structure of the mixing vessel.
3,523,761 Patented Aug. 11,, 1970 Other objects of the invention include provision of mixing apparatus able to meet the most demanding heating and cooling cycles for grease manufacture, said apparatus also minimizing the possibility of spontaneous ignition and thereby providing means for producing greases most economically.
Other objects of the invention are to provide highly efficient mixing machines and devices in which the materials charged to the mixer are rapidly and uniformly mixed and dispersed and then maintained in a continuous state of agitation and circulation, a multiplicity of paths of circulation of varying length being provided for return from parts of the circulation tube to the impeller.
Another object is to provide an advanced and improved mixing vessel for use in grease production which will markedly aid in the production of more and different types of soap stocks and some finished greases, such as, soda, lime, aluminum, barium, lithium, mixed-base and newer acetate-complex soaps.
Other objects of the invention include providing a circulating mixing vessel having maximum efiiciency of internal circulation and heat transfer within the unit, wherein there is provided close control and adjustability of the heating system, whereby same can be maintained at a fixed level above the required critical temperature of soap in process, wherein near instantaneous mixing is provided of maximum benefit in promoting chemical reaction and also continuous circulation which promotes heat transfer and wherein improved means of removing volatiles are provided, as well as a vessel which permits a greater variation in the amount of material any one contacting or mixing vessel can itself handle.
Other and further objects of the invention include, in the manufacture of grease stocks and soaps, as well as greases per se, the production and obtaining of finer soap particles, whereby to obtain more powerful gelling action, wherein more eificient use of the material charged to the reactor is achieved by the fine subdivision and dispersion of particles in the desired lattice-like structure, thereby to obtain grease with better flow properties and finer fibers.
Additional objects include the provision of a circulating and working vessel for greases wherein the elimination of batch losses requiring reworking is achieved, rapid and complete saponification of the various alkali metal soap stocks is obtained, significant savings in the cost of ingredients and the time required to produce the common soap bases used in the grease industry are achieved and thus the production of uniform, finely divided soaps is promoted.
Another object of the invention is to improve heat transfer by inducting greater and greater varieties of turbulence in same across heat transfer surfaces spaced various distances from the impeller.
Another object is to provide a contacting circulating heat exchange vessel which utilizes a spaced, wrapped heating coil which is self-cleaning; that is, after the soap has been blown out of the vessel, oil may be circulated which will entirely clean the coil.
Other and further objects of the invention will appear in the course of the following description thereof.
In the drawings which form a part of the instant specification and are to be read in conjunction therewith, embodiments of the inventive apparatus are shown and, in the various views, like numerals are employed to indicate like parts.
FIG. 1 is a side, partly sectional view of a vertical contacting vessel embodying the instant invention.
FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line 22 of FIG. 1 in the direction of the arrows.
Aug. 11, N70 .w. A. GRAHAM REACTION VESSEL WITH COIL CONTACT HEAT EXCHANGE Filed 001;. 4, 1966 s a mm m N N w .4 n N K, A
Ward 4. fi/ a/mm to 415 F. Steam over the circulating liquid may be vented to atmosphere. The temperature levels off and circulation is in a very fluid state.
A'vacuum may be pulled at the top of the vessel. The remaining oil is now added at ambient temperature to a level over the coil. Condensate (steam) is run through the coil. As the temperature drops in circulation, the soap crystals form and are worked through the gaps. There is a minimum temperature to work any batchas defined by the bridging viscosity for the given coil gap. At this, circulation through the gap ceases and the impeller cavitates. At most, the coil steam temperature is held slightly below bridging temperature. Thereafter the soap is blown out of line 11 to the finishing kettle. Oil cleaning with or without heating follows with removal of oil through line 11.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all of the ends and objects hereinabove set forth together with other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the structure.
It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims.
As many possible embodiments may be made of the invention Without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. A mixing device comprising an outer enclosing shell,
a circulating tube positioned within said outer shell and spaced inwardly therefrom concentrically and longitudinally,
an impeller positioned within said circulating tube,
driving means for said impeller,
an output opening in said shell, said shell and circulating tube vertically positioned,
at least the uppermost portion of said circulating tube comprising a helical wrapped coil, the successive wraps of said coil so spaced from one another as to provide an elongate helical gap whereby fluids circulating within said vessel around said circulating tube pass through said gap,
the inlet and outlet connections to said coil entering and leaving said shell below the topmost level of said coil.
2. A mixing device comprising:
an outer enclosing shell,
a circulating tube positioned within said outer shell and spaced inwardly therefrom both concentrically and longitudinally,
an impeller positioned within said circulating tube,
driving means for said impeller,
an output opening in said shell,
said shell and circulating tube vertically positioned,
at least the uppermost portion of said circulating tube comprising a helical wrapped coil, the successive wraps of said coil so spaced as to provide an elongate helical gap whereby fluids circulating within said shell and around said circulating tube pass through said gap,
the uppermost wrap of said coil sealed against the inner surface of said shell whereby to prevent fluid flow above said uppermost wrap from the annulus between said coil and shell.
3. A mixing device to forceably circulate fluids with coil contact heat exchange, said device comprising:
a vertically positioned, outer enclosing shell,
a circulating tube of essentially three-piece, unitary construction vertically positioned within said outer shell and spaced inwardly therefrom both concentrically and longitudinally whereby to provide an outer annulus between said shell and said tube and a central passageway inwardly of said tube for continuous circulation of fluids therearound,
said circulating tube having a lower portion thereof of lesser inner diameter of cylindrical shape, an intermediate portion of inverted frusto-conical shape surmounting said lower portion, and an upper greater internal diameter portion substantially cylindrical in shape and surmounting said intermediate portion,
an impeller concentrically positioned within the lower portion of said circulating tube to sweep substantially the cross section thereof and operable to circulate fluids,
driving means for said impeller,
an output opening in said shell,
the upper portion of said circulating tube comprising a single helical wrapped coil in which the successive wraps of said coil are so vertically spaced as to provide therebetween an elongate helical gap, whereby a substantial portion of all fluids circulating around said lower and intermediate portions of said circulating tube are forced in lateral circulation through said helical gap,
said successive wraps of said coil also so spaced as to require fluid circulation to and through at least substantially the uppermost portion of the gap as well as through the lowermost portion of said helical p,
at least the lower portion of said circulating tube being imperforate.
4. The device as in claim 3 wherein each of the successive wraps toward the upper end of said coil increases in diameter, thus incrementally decreasing the annulus between said shell and circulating tube in an upward direction.
5. The device as in claim 3 wherein the vertical distance between the successive wraps of said coil increases in an upward direction from said intermediate portion of the circulating tube.
6. The device as in claim 3 wherein the intermediate portion of said circulating tube is imperforate.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,071,624 2/1937 Graham 108 2,367,149 1/ 1945 Smith 165109 X 2,577,856 12/1951 Nelson 165108 X 2,800,307 7/1957 Putney 165108 3,288,567 11/1966 Graham 23-2883 3,302,700 2/1967 Dugan 165109 MORRIS O. WOLK, Primary Examiner S. MARANTZ, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 165108; 259-8
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58426466A | 1966-10-04 | 1966-10-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3523761A true US3523761A (en) | 1970-08-11 |
Family
ID=24336605
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US584264A Expired - Lifetime US3523761A (en) | 1966-10-04 | 1966-10-04 | Reaction vessel with coil contact heat exchange |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3523761A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4011904A (en) * | 1974-04-02 | 1977-03-15 | Hope Henry F | Combination heat exchanger and blower |
| FR2433306A1 (en) * | 1978-07-24 | 1980-03-14 | Dagma Gmbh & Co | APPARATUS FOR IMPREGNATING CARBONIC ANHYDRIDE WATER |
| US4576483A (en) * | 1983-07-21 | 1986-03-18 | Mathis System-Technik Gmbh | Apparatus for mixing and metering flowable solid materials |
| US4607690A (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1986-08-26 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Tube and support system for a heat exchanger |
| US4734266A (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1988-03-29 | Lummus Crest, Inc. | Pump seal oil system |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2071624A (en) * | 1934-01-26 | 1937-02-23 | Walton C Graham | Heat transfer apparatus |
| US2367149A (en) * | 1940-08-27 | 1945-01-09 | Gulf Oil Corp | Grease manufacturing apparatus |
| US2577856A (en) * | 1944-07-15 | 1951-12-11 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Polymerization reaction vessel |
| US2800307A (en) * | 1954-06-04 | 1957-07-23 | Stratford Eng Corp | Apparatus for controlling temperature change of blends of fluids or fluids and finely divided solids |
| US3288567A (en) * | 1965-08-25 | 1966-11-29 | Stratford Eng Corp | Floating catalyst bed contactor |
| US3302700A (en) * | 1965-03-09 | 1967-02-07 | Dynamics Corp America | Blender heat exchanger apparatus |
-
1966
- 1966-10-04 US US584264A patent/US3523761A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2071624A (en) * | 1934-01-26 | 1937-02-23 | Walton C Graham | Heat transfer apparatus |
| US2367149A (en) * | 1940-08-27 | 1945-01-09 | Gulf Oil Corp | Grease manufacturing apparatus |
| US2577856A (en) * | 1944-07-15 | 1951-12-11 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Polymerization reaction vessel |
| US2800307A (en) * | 1954-06-04 | 1957-07-23 | Stratford Eng Corp | Apparatus for controlling temperature change of blends of fluids or fluids and finely divided solids |
| US3302700A (en) * | 1965-03-09 | 1967-02-07 | Dynamics Corp America | Blender heat exchanger apparatus |
| US3288567A (en) * | 1965-08-25 | 1966-11-29 | Stratford Eng Corp | Floating catalyst bed contactor |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4011904A (en) * | 1974-04-02 | 1977-03-15 | Hope Henry F | Combination heat exchanger and blower |
| FR2433306A1 (en) * | 1978-07-24 | 1980-03-14 | Dagma Gmbh & Co | APPARATUS FOR IMPREGNATING CARBONIC ANHYDRIDE WATER |
| US4576483A (en) * | 1983-07-21 | 1986-03-18 | Mathis System-Technik Gmbh | Apparatus for mixing and metering flowable solid materials |
| US4607690A (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1986-08-26 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Tube and support system for a heat exchanger |
| US4734266A (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1988-03-29 | Lummus Crest, Inc. | Pump seal oil system |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GRAHAM ENGINEERING CORPORATION, PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PLAZA BANK & TRUST COMPANY OF KANSAS CITY;REEL/FRAME:004193/0688 Effective date: 19770215 Owner name: GRAHAM ENGINEERING CORPORATION, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PLAZA BANK & TRUST COMPANY OF KANSAS CITY;REEL/FRAME:004193/0688 Effective date: 19770215 |