US3522114A - Production of steel for electrical sheet material - Google Patents

Production of steel for electrical sheet material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3522114A
US3522114A US547733A US3522114DA US3522114A US 3522114 A US3522114 A US 3522114A US 547733 A US547733 A US 547733A US 3522114D A US3522114D A US 3522114DA US 3522114 A US3522114 A US 3522114A
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steel
sheet material
content
electrical sheet
annealing
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US547733A
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Helmut Knuppel
Karl Brotzmann
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Eisenwerke Gesellschaf Maximilianshuette mbH
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Eisenwerke Gesellschaf Maximilianshuette mbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1255—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing

Definitions

  • the process of producing steel for non-aging silicon steel for continuous-furnace annealed electrical sheet material includes the steps of tapping a steel melt with a carbon content of 0.03 to 0.05% and an oxygen content of 0.06 to 0.1% unkilled into a ladle, subjecting the tapped-off melt to vacuum until the carbon content is reduced to about 0.01%, then adding aluminum in an amount sufficient to deoxidize the melt down to an oxygen content below 0.005% and adding silicon in an amount of 0.5 to 4.5% corresponding to the content required in the electrical sheet material, rolling the deoxidized and silicized melt to sheet material, and continuous-furnace annealing it for a period of approximately 1 minute at about 900 C. to obtain electrical sheet having a final carbon content of at most 0.005%; and the product thereof.
  • Our invention relates to a process of producing steel for the manufacture of electrical sheet and strip material.
  • a large proportion of the presently produced electrical sheet and strip material is annealed in continuously operating furnaces for attaining the required planarity of the final product.
  • the high temperatures applicable for the annealing treatment simultaneously improve the magnetic properties. It has been found, however, that the rapid cooling, inevitable when operating with continuous annealing furnaces, has the effect that the mag netical qualities of the products deteriorate with prolonged periods of time. Such magnetic aging is due to the carbon content of the finished sheet material. Reliably preventing this deficiency requires limiting the ultimate carbon content to a maximum of 0.005%. Hence in the production of steel for such sheets, attempts are being made to provide for lowest feasible carbon contents, which are at approximately 0.03%. The still much lower ultimate carbon content required is then achieved by subjecting the sheets to a decarburizing annealing treatment in the continuous furnace. This requires relatively lOng annealing periods, in the order of about 5 minutes, which is highly detrimental economically.
  • Another correlated object of the invention is to devise a process of economically producing non-aging electrical sheet and strip material without departing from the use of the above-rnentioned annealing operation in a continuous furnace.
  • Still another object is to produce electrical sheet material which combines good magnetical properties with better punchability than sheets made in the conventional manner.
  • steels for the production of non-aging electro-sheets, annealed in a continuous furnace and having the conventional Si contents of 0.5 to 4.5% are made by a process comprising the combination of the following steps:
  • the steel melt is deoxidized by adding aluminum in a quantity sufficient to reduce the oxygen content to less than 0.005%, the required amount of aluminum being 1 to 5 kg. per metric ton of the melt.
  • the eliminated oxygen causes the formation of deoxidation products consisting essentially of aluminum oxide which can be readily removed from the steel bath. After removal of the deoxidation products, the desired quantity of silicon is added. The simultaneous deoxidation with aluminum and silicon would cause the formation of deoxidation products that are difficult to segregate and would result in a high ultimate oxygen content in the finished steel.
  • deoxidation as well as the addition of silicon may be effected during a vacuum treatment so that in a preferred mode of performing the method of the invention the entire process takes place in one and the same degassing vessel.
  • This conjointly utilizes the mechanical advantages, namely the vigorous intermixing, inherent in the vacuum treatment.
  • sheets rolled from steel obtained in accordance with the invention require only a small fraction of the annealing time in the continuous furnace than heretofore necessary. For example, sheets which heretofore had to be annealed for about five minutes, need be annealed for no more than about one minute if the sheets are made of steel produced in accordance With the invention. It is particularly advantageous to operate with such a short annealing time, as will be further explained.
  • the method of the invetnion affords reliably obtaining the desired ultimate product despite the large operational fluctuations inevitable in the production of lowcarbon steels. For example, if an attempt were made to produce exclusively by vacuum treatment a steel having a low carbon content as well as a low oxygen content, it is necessary that carbon and oxygen be just present in the stoichiometric ratio, a condition which is virtually impossible to satisfy in industrial operations. Furthermore, the attainable ultimate values of the oxygen and carbon contents would remain relatively high. In contrast thereto, the oxygen content in the starting condition of the process according to the invention is considerably higher than corresponds to the stoichiometric ratio computed for the particular carbon content. Nevertheless, the carbon content is always reliably reduced to lowest values, because the high oxygen content promotes the removal of carbon. The subsequent deoxidation with aluminum, utilizing the vigorous mixing movement in the melt conjointly occurring with a vacuum treatment, has the effect of rapidly reducing the oxygen content down to below 0.005%.
  • Steel made according to the invention may be cast either into conventional ingot molds or by means of continuous casting equipment. Thereafter the steel is rolled to sheets or hot strips. Particularly advantageous is the use of the steel for cold strip production, of which an example will be described presently in detail.
  • Hot strip material of about 2 mm. thickness was rolled down to cold-rolled strip of about 0.5 mm. thickness without intermediate annealing.
  • the silicon content was 1.5%, the aluminum content 0.11%.
  • the cold-rolled strip was passed through a continuous furnace at 900 C.
  • the total annealing time was 2.2 minutes of which 1.2 minutes were consumed during the heating-up interval. Although the actual annealing period of one minute was extremely short, it sufiiced to completely recrystallize the steel and to reduce the carbon content to 0.004%.
  • the wattage losses at 10,000 gauss were 1.86 watt/ kg.
  • the sheets were magnetically resistant to aging.
  • the total annealing periods depend upon the silicon content of the sheet material. With a low Si content of about 0.5% and a high Si content of 4.5%, these annealing periods are approximately 50% longer than the total annealing period in the above-described example relating to sheet material with 1.5% Si. It was a surprising discovery that the sheet material made according to the invention also exhibited excellent punchability, which makes it eminently well suitable as work material for punch presses and the like stamping machinery. This may be explained by the fact that due to the relatively short annealing periods the silicon oxide film forming on the surface is extremely thin, thus improving punchability, whereas with the conventional, much longer annealing periods, a correspondingly thicker silicon oxide coating will occur.
  • the process of producing steel for non-aging silicon steel for continuous-furnace annealed electrical sheet material which comprises the steps of tapping a steel melt with a carbon content of 0.03 to 0.05% and an oxygen content of 0.06 to 0.1% unkilled into a ladle, the oxygen content being higher than necessary for maintaining a stoichiometric ratio with the carbon content, subjecting the tapped-off melt to vacuum until the carbon content is reduced to about 0.01%, then adding aluminum in an amount suflicient to deoxidize the melt down to an oxygen content below 0.005% and adding silicon in an amount of 0.5 to 4.5% corresponding to the content required in the electrical sheet material, rolling the deoxidized and silicized melt to sheet material, and continuous-furnace annealing it for a period of approximately 1 minute at about 900 C. to obtain electrical sheet having a final carbon content of at most 0.005

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Description

United States Patent Int. Cl. H01f 1/04; CZlc 7/10, 7/08 US. Cl. 148-111 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The process of producing steel for non-aging silicon steel for continuous-furnace annealed electrical sheet material includes the steps of tapping a steel melt with a carbon content of 0.03 to 0.05% and an oxygen content of 0.06 to 0.1% unkilled into a ladle, subjecting the tapped-off melt to vacuum until the carbon content is reduced to about 0.01%, then adding aluminum in an amount sufficient to deoxidize the melt down to an oxygen content below 0.005% and adding silicon in an amount of 0.5 to 4.5% corresponding to the content required in the electrical sheet material, rolling the deoxidized and silicized melt to sheet material, and continuous-furnace annealing it for a period of approximately 1 minute at about 900 C. to obtain electrical sheet having a final carbon content of at most 0.005%; and the product thereof.
Our invention relates to a process of producing steel for the manufacture of electrical sheet and strip material.
A right of priority is claimed from a patent application filed in Germany May 19, 1965, Ser. No. B 29,337.
A large proportion of the presently produced electrical sheet and strip material is annealed in continuously operating furnaces for attaining the required planarity of the final product. The high temperatures applicable for the annealing treatment simultaneously improve the magnetic properties. It has been found, however, that the rapid cooling, inevitable when operating with continuous annealing furnaces, has the effect that the mag netical qualities of the products deteriorate with prolonged periods of time. Such magnetic aging is due to the carbon content of the finished sheet material. Reliably preventing this deficiency requires limiting the ultimate carbon content to a maximum of 0.005%. Hence in the production of steel for such sheets, attempts are being made to provide for lowest feasible carbon contents, which are at approximately 0.03%. The still much lower ultimate carbon content required is then achieved by subjecting the sheets to a decarburizing annealing treatment in the continuous furnace. This requires relatively lOng annealing periods, in the order of about 5 minutes, which is highly detrimental economically.
It is an object of our invention to obviate this disadvantage and thereby greatly reduce the manufacturing cost of electrical sheet or strip.
Another correlated object of the invention is to devise a process of economically producing non-aging electrical sheet and strip material without departing from the use of the above-rnentioned annealing operation in a continuous furnace.
Still another object, akin to those mentioned, is to produce electrical sheet material which combines good magnetical properties with better punchability than sheets made in the conventional manner.
ice
To achieve these objects, and in accordance with our invention, steels for the production of non-aging electro-sheets, annealed in a continuous furnace and having the conventional Si contents of 0.5 to 4.5% are made by a process comprising the combination of the following steps:
1) From a molten composition, a steel containing approximately 0.03 to 0.05% carbon is tapped unkilled into a ladle, the tapped-off melt having an oxygen content of about 0.06 to 0.1%.
(2) The unkilled steel is subjected to vacuum treatment until the carbon content is reduced to about 0.01%. As a rule, this changes the oxygen content downto about 0.05 to 0.08%.
(3) Thereafter the steel melt is deoxidized by adding aluminum in a quantity sufficient to reduce the oxygen content to less than 0.005%, the required amount of aluminum being 1 to 5 kg. per metric ton of the melt.
The eliminated oxygen causes the formation of deoxidation products consisting essentially of aluminum oxide which can be readily removed from the steel bath. After removal of the deoxidation products, the desired quantity of silicon is added. The simultaneous deoxidation with aluminum and silicon would cause the formation of deoxidation products that are difficult to segregate and would result in a high ultimate oxygen content in the finished steel.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, therefore substantially all of the required silicon is added subsequent to deoxidation of the melt with aluminum. The particular advantages resulting therefrom will be further explained hereinbelow.
The deoxidation as well as the addition of silicon may be effected during a vacuum treatment so that in a preferred mode of performing the method of the invention the entire process takes place in one and the same degassing vessel. This conjointly utilizes the mechanical advantages, namely the vigorous intermixing, inherent in the vacuum treatment.
For deoxidation with aluminum, higher aluminum quantities are added than is generally customary. This is done not only for the purpose of obtaining particularly low oxygen contents, but also in view of the desired compounding of nitrogen. In many cases, therefore, it is preferable to use aluminum quantities of about 4 kg. aluminum per ton.
It has been found that sheets rolled from steel obtained in accordance with the invention, require only a small fraction of the annealing time in the continuous furnace than heretofore necessary. For example, sheets which heretofore had to be annealed for about five minutes, need be annealed for no more than about one minute if the sheets are made of steel produced in accordance With the invention. It is particularly advantageous to operate with such a short annealing time, as will be further explained.
The method of the invetnion affords reliably obtaining the desired ultimate product despite the large operational fluctuations inevitable in the production of lowcarbon steels. For example, if an attempt were made to produce exclusively by vacuum treatment a steel having a low carbon content as well as a low oxygen content, it is necessary that carbon and oxygen be just present in the stoichiometric ratio, a condition which is virtually impossible to satisfy in industrial operations. Furthermore, the attainable ultimate values of the oxygen and carbon contents would remain relatively high. In contrast thereto, the oxygen content in the starting condition of the process according to the invention is considerably higher than corresponds to the stoichiometric ratio computed for the particular carbon content. Nevertheless, the carbon content is always reliably reduced to lowest values, because the high oxygen content promotes the removal of carbon. The subsequent deoxidation with aluminum, utilizing the vigorous mixing movement in the melt conjointly occurring with a vacuum treatment, has the effect of rapidly reducing the oxygen content down to below 0.005%.
Steel made according to the invention may be cast either into conventional ingot molds or by means of continuous casting equipment. Thereafter the steel is rolled to sheets or hot strips. Particularly advantageous is the use of the steel for cold strip production, of which an example will be described presently in detail.
Hot strip material of about 2 mm. thickness was rolled down to cold-rolled strip of about 0.5 mm. thickness without intermediate annealing. In this example the silicon content was 1.5%, the aluminum content 0.11%. For final annealing, the cold-rolled strip was passed through a continuous furnace at 900 C. The total annealing time was 2.2 minutes of which 1.2 minutes were consumed during the heating-up interval. Although the actual annealing period of one minute was extremely short, it sufiiced to completely recrystallize the steel and to reduce the carbon content to 0.004%. The wattage losses at 10,000 gauss were 1.86 watt/ kg. The sheets were magnetically resistant to aging.
The total annealing periods depend upon the silicon content of the sheet material. With a low Si content of about 0.5% and a high Si content of 4.5%, these annealing periods are approximately 50% longer than the total annealing period in the above-described example relating to sheet material with 1.5% Si. It was a surprising discovery that the sheet material made according to the invention also exhibited excellent punchability, which makes it eminently well suitable as work material for punch presses and the like stamping machinery. This may be explained by the fact that due to the relatively short annealing periods the silicon oxide film forming on the surface is extremely thin, thus improving punchability, whereas with the conventional, much longer annealing periods, a correspondingly thicker silicon oxide coating will occur.
We claim:
1. The process of producing steel for non-aging silicon steel for continuous-furnace annealed electrical sheet material, which comprises the steps of tapping a steel melt with a carbon content of 0.03 to 0.05% and an oxygen content of 0.06 to 0.1% unkilled into a ladle, the oxygen content being higher than necessary for maintaining a stoichiometric ratio with the carbon content, subjecting the tapped-off melt to vacuum until the carbon content is reduced to about 0.01%, then adding aluminum in an amount suflicient to deoxidize the melt down to an oxygen content below 0.005% and adding silicon in an amount of 0.5 to 4.5% corresponding to the content required in the electrical sheet material, rolling the deoxidized and silicized melt to sheet material, and continuous-furnace annealing it for a period of approximately 1 minute at about 900 C. to obtain electrical sheet having a final carbon content of at most 0.005
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the silicon is added to the melt subsequent to deoxidation with aluminum.
3. The process according to claim 1, which comprises performing the deoxidation and the addition of silicon in vacuum.
4. The process according to claim 2, wherein the tapped-off melt is substantially free of silicon.
5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the added amount of silicon corresponds to a content of approximately 1.5 in the electrical sheet material.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,277,523 9/1918 Yensen -49 2,144,200 1/1939 Rohn 75-129 3,021,237 2/1962 Henke 148-111 3,042,556 7/1962 Hemmeter 148-111 3,253,909 5/1966 Bishop 75-129 FOREIGN PATENTS 33 8,409 11/ 193 0 Great Britain.
OTHER REFERENCES Yensen: American Electrochem. Soc. Transactions, vol. 32, pp. -182, 1917.
L. DEWAYNE RUTLEDGE, Primary Examiner G. K. WHITE, Assistant Examiner U.S. C1. X.-R.
US547733A 1965-05-19 1966-05-05 Production of steel for electrical sheet material Expired - Lifetime US3522114A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2138867A1 (en) * 1971-05-20 1973-01-05 Nippon Steel Corp
US3819426A (en) * 1972-07-31 1974-06-25 Nat Steel Corp Process for producing non-silicon bearing electrical steel
US3833431A (en) * 1971-12-09 1974-09-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Process for continuously annealed silicon steel using tension-producing glass
US3874954A (en) * 1970-05-11 1975-04-01 Mannesmann Ag Method of preparing iron silicon alloys with high silicon content for cold working requiring ductility
US3914135A (en) * 1972-03-15 1975-10-21 Nippon Kokan Kk Method of improving steel properties by using controlled cooling rates
US3935038A (en) * 1971-10-28 1976-01-27 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for manufacturing non-oriented electrical steel sheet and strip having no ridging
US3988177A (en) * 1973-11-05 1976-10-26 Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisen- Und Stahlwerke-Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing cold rolled, silicon-alloyed electric sheets

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5431967B1 (en) * 1971-04-08 1979-10-11
WO1983000878A1 (en) * 1981-08-28 1983-03-17 Nippon Steel Corp Process for manufacturing steel for isotropic silicon steel plate
US5472479A (en) * 1994-01-26 1995-12-05 Ltv Steel Company, Inc. Method of making ultra-low carbon and sulfur steel

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1277523A (en) * 1916-03-06 1918-09-03 Trygve D Yensen Magnetic iron product and method of making same.
GB338409A (en) * 1929-01-18 1930-11-20 Ass Elect Ind Improved manufacture of iron and iron-nickel and iron-silicon alloys
US2144200A (en) * 1936-06-27 1939-01-17 Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Ag Method of manufacturing siliconiron alloys
US3021237A (en) * 1958-08-05 1962-02-13 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Processing of metal
US3042556A (en) * 1960-02-02 1962-07-03 Gen Electric Process for treating steel
US3253909A (en) * 1964-11-10 1966-05-31 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Processing silicon steel

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1277523A (en) * 1916-03-06 1918-09-03 Trygve D Yensen Magnetic iron product and method of making same.
GB338409A (en) * 1929-01-18 1930-11-20 Ass Elect Ind Improved manufacture of iron and iron-nickel and iron-silicon alloys
US2144200A (en) * 1936-06-27 1939-01-17 Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Ag Method of manufacturing siliconiron alloys
US3021237A (en) * 1958-08-05 1962-02-13 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Processing of metal
US3042556A (en) * 1960-02-02 1962-07-03 Gen Electric Process for treating steel
US3253909A (en) * 1964-11-10 1966-05-31 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Processing silicon steel

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3874954A (en) * 1970-05-11 1975-04-01 Mannesmann Ag Method of preparing iron silicon alloys with high silicon content for cold working requiring ductility
FR2138867A1 (en) * 1971-05-20 1973-01-05 Nippon Steel Corp
US4006044A (en) * 1971-05-20 1977-02-01 Nippon Steel Corporation Steel slab containing silicon for use in electrical sheet and strip manufactured by continuous casting and method for manufacturing thereof
US3935038A (en) * 1971-10-28 1976-01-27 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for manufacturing non-oriented electrical steel sheet and strip having no ridging
US3833431A (en) * 1971-12-09 1974-09-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Process for continuously annealed silicon steel using tension-producing glass
US3914135A (en) * 1972-03-15 1975-10-21 Nippon Kokan Kk Method of improving steel properties by using controlled cooling rates
US3819426A (en) * 1972-07-31 1974-06-25 Nat Steel Corp Process for producing non-silicon bearing electrical steel
US3988177A (en) * 1973-11-05 1976-10-26 Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisen- Und Stahlwerke-Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing cold rolled, silicon-alloyed electric sheets

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DE1458852A1 (en) 1969-04-30
GB1123275A (en) 1968-08-14

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