US3518515A - Electronic driving circuit - Google Patents

Electronic driving circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US3518515A
US3518515A US758818A US3518515DA US3518515A US 3518515 A US3518515 A US 3518515A US 758818 A US758818 A US 758818A US 3518515D A US3518515D A US 3518515DA US 3518515 A US3518515 A US 3518515A
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United States
Prior art keywords
driving
coil
transistor
circuit
voltage
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Expired - Lifetime
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US758818A
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English (en)
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Robert W Reich
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/067—Driving circuits with distinct detecting and driving coils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/067—Driving circuits with distinct detecting and driving coils
    • G04C3/068—Driving circuits with distinct detecting and driving coils provided with automatic control

Definitions

  • An electronic driving circuit particularly for timepieces, comprising a mechanical oscillator, at least one permanent magnet, a transistor, and a coil arrangement for excitation and drive, wherein the permanent magnet consists of a magnet matrix made up of several plates disposed next to one another.
  • the magnet matrix overswinging the coil arrangement generates a chopped direct voltage or an alternating current voltage in the excitation coil which is rectified and applied to the driving coil by means of a resonance amplifier; the latter may be designed with regard to its resonance curve such that with the correct frequency the correct value of the driving current results.
  • the present invention relates to an electronic driving circuit particularly but not exclusively for timepieces and comprising a mechanical oscillator, at least one permanent magnet, a transistor, and coil arrangement for excitation and driving of the gear of time-pieces.
  • One object of the invention is to provide a circuit arrangement in which the disadvantageous influences of the temperature and voltage fluctuations are excluded as far as possible.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a circuit arrangement by which the frequency of the mechanical oscillator is regulated automatically.
  • an electronic driving circuit particularly but not exclusively for driving time-pieces, comprising an oscillator, one or more permanent magnets, a transistor and a coil arrangement for excitation and drive ef a time-piece, characterised by a permanent magnet matrix made up of several magnets with adjacent magnets magnetised with opposite polarity or similarly in the direction of the effective coil windings, which magnets are disposed next to one another, in the "ice direction of oscillation with nonmagnetic members therebetween and also characterized by a transistor circuit and an alternating current voltage amplifier with resonance frequency or with chopped direct voltage as resonance amplifier with suppressed phase arranged in the transistor circuit corresponding to the frequency resulting from the number of individual poles of the magnet matrix and the frequency resulting with the application to the exciter coil.
  • FIG. 1 shows a permanent magnet matrix made up of alternating side-by-side opposite polarity magnets
  • FIG. 2 shows a permanent magnet matrix made up of side-by-side magnets of the same polarity
  • FIG. 3 shows a rotating oscillator with a coil combination for excitation and drive for use in the electronic driv- 1ng circuit
  • FIG. 4 shows a rotary oscillator with excitation coil and driving coil disposed diametrically opposite relative to the oscillator axis
  • FIG. 5 shows a preferred form of the resonance curve for the resonance amplifier
  • FIG. 6 shows a preferred wiring diagram of the electronic driving circuit using a germanium transistor.
  • the permanent magnet matrix 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises five plate magnets 2 disposed side-by-side and magnetised permanently such that, at the ends of the matrix 1, the ends of alternate magnets 2 have the same polarity while adjacent ends have opposite polarity. Adjacent magnets 2 are spaced apart by non-magnetic strips 3.
  • the non-magnetic strips 3 may consist of adhesive layers or adhesive foils by which the magnets 2 are held together and form the magnet matrix 1.
  • FIG. 2 A similar permanent magnet matrix 1a is shown in FIG. 2. In this case however, the adjacent ends of magnets 2 are of the same polarity.
  • FIG. 3 shows a rotary oscillator which is used in the electronic driving circuit according to the invention.
  • Such oscillator has a shaft 4 which has rigidly connected thereto two carrier plates 5.
  • each carrier plate 5 On their opposed faces each carrier plate 5 carries a permanent magnet matrix 1 constructed as above-described in relation to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a coil combination consisting of an excitation coil 6, and concentrically disposed therein is a driving coil 7. It is of course possible to have the driving coil outside and the excitation coil inside.
  • the excitation coil 6 is so selected in its dimensions that its effective coil width corresponds approximately to the thickness of a magnet 2.
  • a rotary oscillator according to FIG. 4 is particularly advantageous because it requires no counter-balance weight.
  • a permanent magnet matrix 1 consisting of several magnets which cooperate with the excitation coil 6.
  • a magnet 8 of the same dimensions as matrix 1 but of isotropic magnet material which co-operates with the driving coil 7. Therefore magnet 8 does not have inserts, plates or magnetic strips as does matrix 1.
  • the direct voltage component is inhibited by a capacitor connected in series to the base. Only the pure alternating voltage is induced on the base via the capacitor. With chopped direct voltage this blocking of the direct current component is omitted.
  • alternating voltage resonance amplifier can be suitable designed. It is already known in the general transistor technology to construct, according to the principle of half supply voltage and collector voltage, alternating voltage amplifiers which are temperaturestable up to +65 C. and which work independently of voltage within wide limits. If therefore the transistor circuit is designed in such a manner that use is made of this principle of half supply voltage on the collector and therefore on the driving coil, then one has an extensive temperature stable and voltage stable circuit arrangement.
  • the finishing of the permanent magnet matrix consisting of several magnets is very simple. It presents, according to the present day magnet technology, no difficulties at all. Indeed the magnets 2 can be strips of magnetised rubber, magnetised by special magnetising devices.
  • the shape of the resonance curve is likewise obtainable by any form of transistor technology. In the present example it corresponds approximately to the resonance curve of a band filter.
  • the curve can according to FIG. be such that the differential thereof in the area of the correct frequency f is negative.
  • This correct frequency corresponds to an amplification V which supplies the necessary driving pulse for the maintenance of the oscillations. If now, for example, in consequence of change of temperature the frequency is increased to a higher value f then the amplification diminishes to V and consequently a smaller driving pulse as supplied so that thereby the frequency is again lowered. Inversely with a lower frequency f the amplification increases to V whereby a greater driving pulse is supplied and this leads again to an increase of the frequency.
  • FIG. 6 shows a preferred wiring diagram of the electronic driving circuit according to the invention, using a germanium transistor.
  • the excitation coil 6 and the parallel-connected condenser 10 constitute the excitation oscillatory circuit.
  • the driving coil 7 in parallel with the condenser 11 constitutes the driving oscillatory circuit.
  • the battery 13 is connected in series with the driving oscillatory circuit.
  • Two serially connected diodes 12a and 12b are arranged parallel to both oscillatory circuits in such a manner that the current flow of the diodes is directed from the positive terminal of the battery 13 to the base of the transistor '9 (if a silicon transistor is used, the current flow of the doides 12a and 12b should be reversed).
  • Resonance occurs when L C L C From overcritically coupling the excitation oscillatory circuit with the driving oscillatory circuit, the two bumps in the selection curve (FIG. 5) result, between which the amplification V producing the driving pulse even necessary for maintaining the oscillations is located.
  • the alternating voltage amplifiers are extraordinarily more effective than pure direct voltage pulse amplifiers.
  • the transistor circuit can be designed as a resonance amplifier.
  • Such a resonance amplifier needs only be excited and then gives always the same pulses in synchronism with the alternating voltage pulses.
  • the resonance amplifier may be so designed with regard to its resonance curve such that, with the correct frequency, the correct value of the driving current results; if the oscillation frequency reduces then the amplification is increased and thereby the oscillation frequency is again increased by the higher driving pulse. If the oscillation frequency is too high then the amplification decreases and the driving pulse becomes smaller. In this way, the direct frequency value of the rotating oscillator is regulated automatically.
  • the faulty phase with a diode which is connected parallel to the driving coil is simply suppressed if the blocking of the false pulse direction by the diodes of the transistor is not already effected.
  • the use of the electronic driving circuit is not limited to the driving of the gear of time-pieces with rotating or pendulum oscillator but extends also to electronically controlled winding mechanisms.
  • any suitable magnetic system may be altered to the form proposed and use made of the alternating voltage resonance amplifier or resonance amplifier for chopped direct voltage.
  • An electronic driving circuit adapted to drive timepieces comprising a mechanical oscillator, at least one permanent magnet, a transistor circuit, and coil arrangement for excitation and driving the gear of a time-piece, said permanent magnet being a magnet matrix made up of several adjacent magnets magnetised in the direction of the effective coil windings, which magnets are disposed next to one another in the direction of oscillation with non-magnetic members there-between, a voltage amplifier in said transistor circuit being arranged as a resonance amplifier with suppressed phase corresponding to the frequency resulting from the number of individual poles of the magnet matrix and the frequency resulting from the application to the exciter coil.
  • a driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the alternating voltage amplifier is designed according to the principle of the half supply voltage as a collector voltage.
  • a driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical oscillator is a rotating oscillator in which the exciter side lies diametrically opposite to the driving side, said permanent magnet matrix being disposed on the exciter side and a uniform magnet being disposed on the driving side.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
US758818A 1968-02-23 1968-09-10 Electronic driving circuit Expired - Lifetime US3518515A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH292068A CH482239A (de) 1968-02-23 1968-02-23 Elektronische Antriebsschaltung in einem Zeitmessgerät, insbesondere zum Antreiben des Räderwerkes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3518515A true US3518515A (en) 1970-06-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US758818A Expired - Lifetime US3518515A (en) 1968-02-23 1968-09-10 Electronic driving circuit

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US (1) US3518515A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (2) CH292068A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1582329A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1217875A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803829A (en) * 1970-03-31 1974-04-16 Suwa Seikosha Kk Coil structure for electric watches
US3806743A (en) * 1970-02-09 1974-04-23 Omega Brandt & Freres Sa Louis Oscillating harological motor

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2110674B2 (de) * 1970-03-31 1976-08-26 KX. Suwa Seikosha, Tokio Elektrische uhr mit einer elektromagnetisch angetriebenen unruh

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2909732A (en) * 1954-11-06 1959-10-20 Philips Corp Device for maintaining mechanical oscillations
US3002139A (en) * 1958-07-02 1961-09-26 Gen Time Corp Electrically powered balance mechanism
US3002138A (en) * 1958-06-24 1961-09-26 Gen Time Corp Electrically powered oscillatory balance
US3010075A (en) * 1958-09-10 1961-11-21 Hamilton Watch Co Electric watch
US3124731A (en) * 1964-03-10 Electronic time pieces

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3124731A (en) * 1964-03-10 Electronic time pieces
US2909732A (en) * 1954-11-06 1959-10-20 Philips Corp Device for maintaining mechanical oscillations
US3002138A (en) * 1958-06-24 1961-09-26 Gen Time Corp Electrically powered oscillatory balance
US3002139A (en) * 1958-07-02 1961-09-26 Gen Time Corp Electrically powered balance mechanism
US3010075A (en) * 1958-09-10 1961-11-21 Hamilton Watch Co Electric watch

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3806743A (en) * 1970-02-09 1974-04-23 Omega Brandt & Freres Sa Louis Oscillating harological motor
US3803829A (en) * 1970-03-31 1974-04-16 Suwa Seikosha Kk Coil structure for electric watches

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1582329A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-09-26
CH292068A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-07-15
CH482239A (de) 1969-07-15
GB1217875A (en) 1970-12-31

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