US3514334A - Method of maintaining aluminum in contact with molten alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates - Google Patents
Method of maintaining aluminum in contact with molten alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates Download PDFInfo
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- US3514334A US3514334A US691912A US3514334DA US3514334A US 3514334 A US3514334 A US 3514334A US 691912 A US691912 A US 691912A US 3514334D A US3514334D A US 3514334DA US 3514334 A US3514334 A US 3514334A
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- aluminum
- carbonates
- medium
- molten
- alkali
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 29
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 title description 18
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 10
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 sodium carbonate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 101100327917 Caenorhabditis elegans chup-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007591 Tilia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000015241 bacon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011182 sodium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F15/00—Other methods of preventing corrosion or incrustation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This disclosure deals with the discovery that aluminum can be maintained in continuous contact with molten alkali-metal hydroxide and carbonate media without corrosive attack, by appropriate initial preparation of and maintenance of the molten media in a substantially anhydrous state, while insuring such contact only in such state.
- the present invention relates to methods of and apparatus for containing alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates, being more specifically directed to a discovery that enables the utilization of aluminum for such purposes without the corrosive attack thereof.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved aluminum container and/ or contacting element for alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates and a new and improved method of rendering aluminum resistant to corrosive attack by such hydroxides and carbonates at elevated temperatures.
- an aluminum cup is shown at :1, used for a purpose heretofore considered impossible; namely, as a container for a molten alkali-metal hydroxide or carbonate medium 5 comprising the electrolytic medium of a fuel cell.
- a tubular Ag-Pd anode 3 is shown disposed in contact with the electrolytic medium 5 for passing, for example, hydrogen fuel into the cell; and a nickel or other cathode electrode 7 is shown disposed in the electrolytic medium 5, in this case operable with the oxidant provided by the apparent conversion of molten hydroxide, for example, into peroxide or superoxide in the region of the cathode 7.
- cathodes including porous cathodes through which oxidant may be introduced from an external source, may be employed, as may other anodes.
- oxidant may be introduced from an external source
- the support 7 for the cathode electrode may also, if desired, be of aluminum, as may the tubular support 3 for the anode 3. In connection with the latter, this is most unusual since aluminum is one of the few metals which is not active as a cathode in peroxide-containing melts and can thus be used at the anode.
- an aluminum cup 1, 2 /2 inches in diameter by about 4 inches deep has been successfully operated for several months as the container for a potassium hydroxide molten electrolytic medium 5 maintained at a temperature in the before-mentioned temperature range, and intermittently operated as a fuel cell in accordance with the construction illustrated in the drawing; all with no noticeable attack upon the aluminum with its oxide coating.
- Similar results have also been obtained by immersing aluminum in molten lithium, potassium and sodium carbonates maintained at the above-mentioned temperatures to provide the said substantial equilibrium and anhydrous condition.
- Other alkali-metal molten hydroxides, including sodium have also been so used with aluminum, all with successful resistance of the aluminum to the molten baths.
- the invention is not restricted to application in the important fuel cell field, but it is widely applicable wherever it is desired to contact aluminum with such molten alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates.
- a method of maintaining an aluminum member in contact with an electrolytic medium consisting essentially of at least one of the group constituted by alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates, said medium being normally corrosive to said member, and of preventing corrosive attack upon said member by said medium during the utilization of said member, which comprises elevating the temperature of said medium to a temperature sufficient to render the same molten, maintaining said medium at such elevated temperature for a time sufiicient to cause the molten medium to become anhydrous, and continuously maintaining the anhydrous condition of said medium during the utilization of said member and while said member is maintained in contact with said medium.
- a method of operating an electrochemical cell including the following elements: a cell container, a cell electrode, a support for a cell electrode, and an element for introducing gas into the cell, at least one of said elements being an aluminum member, and of preventing corrosive attack upon said member by a normally corrosive electrolytic medium which contacts said member, said medium consisting essentially of at least one of the group constituted by alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates, which comprises elevating the temperature of said medium to a temperature sufiicient to render the same molten, maintaining said medium at such elevated temperature for a time sufiicient to cause the molten medium to become anhydrous, and continuously maintaining the anhydrous condition of said medium during the utilization of said member and while said member is in contact with said medium.
- ALLEN B. CURTIS Primary Examiner H. A. FEELEY, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. l36-l6l; 204-39
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
May 26, 1970 R. L. NOVACK 3,514,334
METHOD OF MAINTAINING ALUMINUM IN CONTA WI MOLTEN ALKALI-METAL HYDROXI CAR A" Original Filed e 1966 ML UM/A/UM/ MOLTE/V AL/(AU-MEML HYDROX/DE &
ROBERT L. NOVACK, INVENTOR ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,514,334 METHOD OF MAINTAINING ALUMINUM IN CONTACT WITH MOLTEN ALKALI-METAL HYDROXIDES AND CARBONATES Robert L. Novack, Arlington, Mass., assignor to Prototech Incorporated, Cambridge, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Continuation of application Ser. No. 376,917, June 22, 1964. This application Dec. 19, 1967, Ser. No. 691,912 Int. Cl. H01m 27/00 US. Cl. 136-86 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This disclosure deals with the discovery that aluminum can be maintained in continuous contact with molten alkali-metal hydroxide and carbonate media without corrosive attack, by appropriate initial preparation of and maintenance of the molten media in a substantially anhydrous state, while insuring such contact only in such state.
This application is a continuation of application 376,- 917 filed June 22, 1964, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to methods of and apparatus for containing alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates, being more specifically directed to a discovery that enables the utilization of aluminum for such purposes without the corrosive attack thereof.
It has long been accepted that aluminum is readily attacked in aqueous alkali-metal hydroxide solutions, forming a precipitate of aluminum hydroxide or forming aluminates. Similarly, the ready dissolution of aluminum in hot concentrated solutions of alkali-metal carbonates, such as sodium carbonate, has long been known. As a result, the art has considered aluminum a most unsatisfactory metal for use in systems in which it must come into contact with alkali-metal hydroxides or carbonates. In the alkali electrolyte fuel cell field, for example, it has even been reported that aluminum cannot stand up to such electrolyte, particularly at elevated temperatures.
In accordance with the present invention, however, a discovery has been made that, under certain very critical conditions, aluminum may not only withstand attack from alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates, but it may be beneficially used even as a container for such hydroxides and carbonates and even at elevated temperatures.
An object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a new and improved aluminum container and/ or contacting element for alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates and a new and improved method of rendering aluminum resistant to corrosive attack by such hydroxides and carbonates at elevated temperatures.
Other and further objects, including applications to novel fuel cells and the like, will be explained hereinafter and will be more particularly pointed out in connection with the appended claims.
The invention will now be described in connection With the accompanying drawing, the single figure of which illustrates a preferred use of aluminum in a molten alkali-metal hydroxide or carbonate fuel cell or the like.
It has been discovered that if molten alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates are maintained at temperatures between about 300 C. and 500 C., more or less, and the water content thereof is allowed to decrease until it approaches substantial equilibrium with the moisture in the air or other medium surrounding the melt, aluminum, preferably substantially pure (although aluminum with some impurities and alloys thereof have been found to exhibit some of the resistant characteristics herein 3,514,334 Patented May 26, 1970 ice described), can be placed in direct and continuous contact with the molten alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates without suffering any appreciable corrosion.
While it is not desired to predicate the invention upon a theory or hypothesis of operation, it being sufiicient to describe the invention as it has been found to work in practice, it appears that the clue to rendering aluminum resistive to alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates resides in the temperature elevation to the point of driving 013? the water therein sufficiently to attain the substantial equilibrium above-discussed, and the maintenance of the molten alkali-metal hydroxide and/or carbonate in the molten state. Physically, such molten hydroxide and carbonate assumes a substantially clear form when this region of substantial equilibrium is reached. It is this substantially anhydrous molten alkali hydroxide or carbonate that apparently no longer attacks the base metal of the aluminum with whatever oxide coating may be formed thereupon.
Thus, in the embodiment of the drawing, an aluminum cup is shown at :1, used for a purpose heretofore considered impossible; namely, as a container for a molten alkali-metal hydroxide or carbonate medium 5 comprising the electrolytic medium of a fuel cell. In this embodiment, a tubular Ag-Pd anode 3 is shown disposed in contact with the electrolytic medium 5 for passing, for example, hydrogen fuel into the cell; and a nickel or other cathode electrode 7 is shown disposed in the electrolytic medium 5, in this case operable with the oxidant provided by the apparent conversion of molten hydroxide, for example, into peroxide or superoxide in the region of the cathode 7. It is, of course, to be understood that other types of cathodes, including porous cathodes through which oxidant may be introduced from an external source, may be employed, as may other anodes. In the case of the utilization of non-porous nickel, iron or similar cathode electrodes 7, however, operating with the peroxide or superoxide oxidant, it is in some cases desirable to introduce agitation in the region of the cathode, as by blowing air therein. This is illustrated as effected with an inexpensive aluminum tube 9, which, by operation of the cell 5 in the before-described temperature region to a degree such that the water within the medium 5 is decreased until it approaches equilibrium where the water content in the air at the top of the medium 5 (i.e. substantially anhydrous), is rendered resistant to attack by the medium 5.
The support 7 for the cathode electrode may also, if desired, be of aluminum, as may the tubular support 3 for the anode 3. In connection with the latter, this is most unusual since aluminum is one of the few metals which is not active as a cathode in peroxide-containing melts and can thus be used at the anode.
As an example of actual experimental results, an aluminum cup 1, 2 /2 inches in diameter by about 4 inches deep, has been successfully operated for several months as the container for a potassium hydroxide molten electrolytic medium 5 maintained at a temperature in the before-mentioned temperature range, and intermittently operated as a fuel cell in accordance with the construction illustrated in the drawing; all with no noticeable attack upon the aluminum with its oxide coating. Similar results have also been obtained by immersing aluminum in molten lithium, potassium and sodium carbonates maintained at the above-mentioned temperatures to provide the said substantial equilibrium and anhydrous condition. Other alkali-metal molten hydroxides, including sodium, have also been so used with aluminum, all with successful resistance of the aluminum to the molten baths.
Clearly, the invention is not restricted to application in the important fuel cell field, but it is widely applicable wherever it is desired to contact aluminum with such molten alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates.
Further modifications will occur to those skilled in the art, and all such are considered to fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of maintaining an aluminum member in contact with an electrolytic medium consisting essentially of at least one of the group constituted by alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates, said medium being normally corrosive to said member, and of preventing corrosive attack upon said member by said medium during the utilization of said member, which comprises elevating the temperature of said medium to a temperature sufficient to render the same molten, maintaining said medium at such elevated temperature for a time sufiicient to cause the molten medium to become anhydrous, and continuously maintaining the anhydrous condition of said medium during the utilization of said member and while said member is maintained in contact with said medium.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 and in which the temperature of said medium is raised to the range substantially 300 degrees to 500 degrees C.
3. A method of operating an electrochemical cell including the following elements: a cell container, a cell electrode, a support for a cell electrode, and an element for introducing gas into the cell, at least one of said elements being an aluminum member, and of preventing corrosive attack upon said member by a normally corrosive electrolytic medium which contacts said member, said medium consisting essentially of at least one of the group constituted by alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates, which comprises elevating the temperature of said medium to a temperature sufiicient to render the same molten, maintaining said medium at such elevated temperature for a time sufiicient to cause the molten medium to become anhydrous, and continuously maintaining the anhydrous condition of said medium during the utilization of said member and while said member is in contact with said medium.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 and in which a fuel and an oxidant are introduced into said medium at fuel and oxidant electrodes therein, respectively, an output current is drawn in a circuit connected to said fuel and oxidant electrodes, and said corrosive attack is prevented during the drawing of said current.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,969,315 1/1961 Bacon 136-86 3,138,490 6/1964 Tragert 13686 3,202,547 8/1965 Rightmire et a1. 136-86 3,251,718 5/1966 Hilton 13686 2,244,526 6/ 1941 Mackay 1486.11 3,146,131 8/1964 Linden et a1. 13686 3,294,586 12/1966 Le Duc 136-86 FOREIGN PATENTS 100,100 3/ 1933 Japan.
ALLEN B. CURTIS, Primary Examiner H. A. FEELEY, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. l36-l6l; 204-39
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US69191267A | 1967-12-19 | 1967-12-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3514334A true US3514334A (en) | 1970-05-26 |
Family
ID=24778472
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US691912A Expired - Lifetime US3514334A (en) | 1967-12-19 | 1967-12-19 | Method of maintaining aluminum in contact with molten alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3514334A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4160067A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-07-03 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Molten carbonate fuel cell corrosion inhibition |
| US4797379A (en) * | 1982-08-19 | 1989-01-10 | Energy Research Corporation | Electrode structure and method of making same |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2244526A (en) * | 1934-11-01 | 1941-06-03 | Rust Proofing Company Of Canad | Process of treating metal surfaces |
| US2969315A (en) * | 1956-08-23 | 1961-01-24 | Era Patents Ltd | Bipolar electrode for electric batteries |
| US3138490A (en) * | 1961-02-28 | 1964-06-23 | Gen Electric | Fuel cell |
| US3146131A (en) * | 1961-03-20 | 1964-08-25 | Inst Gas Technology | Appliance for production of direct electric current |
| US3202547A (en) * | 1961-08-04 | 1965-08-24 | Standard Oil Co | Electrochemical reaction apparatus |
| US3251718A (en) * | 1961-10-26 | 1966-05-17 | Texas Instruments Inc | Screen type fuel cell with foraminous electrolyte carrier |
| US3294586A (en) * | 1962-03-01 | 1966-12-27 | Pullman Inc | Fuel cell with movable casing and electrodes and method for operating fuel cell withan anode containing an alkaline earth metal |
-
1967
- 1967-12-19 US US691912A patent/US3514334A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2244526A (en) * | 1934-11-01 | 1941-06-03 | Rust Proofing Company Of Canad | Process of treating metal surfaces |
| US2969315A (en) * | 1956-08-23 | 1961-01-24 | Era Patents Ltd | Bipolar electrode for electric batteries |
| US3138490A (en) * | 1961-02-28 | 1964-06-23 | Gen Electric | Fuel cell |
| US3146131A (en) * | 1961-03-20 | 1964-08-25 | Inst Gas Technology | Appliance for production of direct electric current |
| US3202547A (en) * | 1961-08-04 | 1965-08-24 | Standard Oil Co | Electrochemical reaction apparatus |
| US3251718A (en) * | 1961-10-26 | 1966-05-17 | Texas Instruments Inc | Screen type fuel cell with foraminous electrolyte carrier |
| US3294586A (en) * | 1962-03-01 | 1966-12-27 | Pullman Inc | Fuel cell with movable casing and electrodes and method for operating fuel cell withan anode containing an alkaline earth metal |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4160067A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-07-03 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Molten carbonate fuel cell corrosion inhibition |
| US4797379A (en) * | 1982-08-19 | 1989-01-10 | Energy Research Corporation | Electrode structure and method of making same |
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