US3511843A - Plural stage fluidization and vibration of cohesive plant material - Google Patents

Plural stage fluidization and vibration of cohesive plant material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3511843A
US3511843A US586538A US3511843DA US3511843A US 3511843 A US3511843 A US 3511843A US 586538 A US586538 A US 586538A US 3511843D A US3511843D A US 3511843DA US 3511843 A US3511843 A US 3511843A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
cohesive
tobacco
steam
gas
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US586538A
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English (en)
Inventor
James Gabriel Lewis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Tobacco Company of Great Britain and Ireland Ltd
Original Assignee
Imp Tobacco Co Ltd
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/16—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with particles being subjected to vibrations or pulsations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/26—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
    • B01J8/28—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations the one above the other
    • B01J8/30—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations the one above the other the edge of a lower bed projecting beyond the edge of the superjacent bed

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fluidised beds and in particular to the problem of maintaining a cohesive material in a fluidised state.
  • Cohesive material includes for example material which tends to cake, e.g. moist granular or powdered material and fibrous material in which the fibres tend to stick together. Included in this type of material is damp ground tobacco. Although not so restricted, the invention will hereinafter be described with reference to its use with damp ground tobacco. The problem encountered in attempting to fluidise such materials is that the gas, e.g. steam employed, simply blows holes through the material forming discrete passages without disturbing the remainder of the material.
  • gas e.g. steam employed
  • a method of maintaining a cohesive material in a fluidised state comprises urging gas through the material and simultaneously mechanically agitating the material.
  • the mechanical agitation preferably in the form of continuous and regular shaking or vibration, prevents the occurence of the discrete passages for the gas, thus enabling the gas to completely fluidise the material.
  • the method comprises passing gas vertically upwardly through the material and simultaneously mechanically agitating the material in a generally horizontal plane.
  • the method may be applied to counter flow arrangements in which case the material is caused to flow generally vertically downwardly in counterflow with the flow of gas.
  • the invention may be used generally for the extraction of volatile essences from plant material, or the recovery of solvents from plant material e.g. by steam distillation
  • the invention is particularly suitable for use in extracting nicotine from ground tobacco which has been treated with a suitable alkali by distilling the nicotine in a flow of steam.
  • nicotine can be distilled in a steam passed over ground tobacco, much more rapid extraction of the nicotine can be achieved if the steam is blown through the ground tobacco which is maintained in a fluidised state.
  • the ground tobacco can be maintained in the fluidised state by mechanically agitating the tobacco simultaneously with the passage of steam therethrough.
  • apparatus for maintaining a cohesive material in a fluidised state comprising a chamber for holding the material, means for urging gas through the material in the chamber and agitating means for agitating the chamber simultaneously with the gas flow therethrough.
  • the chamber may be substantially vertically disposed, the bottom substantially horizontal wall thereof being perforated to provide entry ports for the said gas.
  • a composite cylinder 10 comprising three chambers 11, 12 and 13 disposed vertically in line with one another.
  • the chambers have bottom walls, 11a, 12a, 13a respectively which are apertured as shown to provide free flow of steam through the cylinder 10 from a steam inlet 14 at the bottom of cylinder 10 to a steam outlet 15 at the top of cylinder 10.
  • the flow of steam is indicated by feathered arrows.
  • a material inlet 16 through which damp ground tobacco which has been treated with a suitable alkali is passed into the chamber 11.
  • An overflow passage 17 is provided for conducting the overspill of ground tobacco from chamber 11 down to chamber 12.
  • a further overflow passage 18 is provided for conducting the overspill of ground tobacco from chamber 12 to chamber 13.
  • a third overflow passage 19 conducts the overspill of tobacco from chamber 13 to a material outlet 20 provided in the base of the cylinder 10.
  • the passage of ground tobacco through the cylinder 10 is indicated by plain arrows.
  • the said cylinder may be fitted with a steam jacket, not shown.
  • the cylinder 10 is filled with tobacco to the condition shown in the figure, whereby tobacco fills each of the chambers 11, 12, 13 up the level of its respective overflow channel. Steam is then pumped vertically upwardly through the cylinder 10 to pass through the tobacco in each of the chambers 11 to 13. Arms 21, 22, 23, 24 pivotally attached to the outer surface of cylinder 10 are then caused to continuously vibrate the cylinder 10 in a substantially horizontal plane by drives from suitable eccentrics. Alternatively the cylinder 10 may be freely suspended and agitated by out of balance weights rotating on vertical shafts carried in bearings attached to the cylinder 10.
  • the steam leaving outlet 15 contains nicotine which can then be recovered or concentrated by various known means.
  • the overflow channels 17 and 18 are open-ended and dip below the level of the ground tobacco in the lower chamber. This is necessary to prevent the steam from entering these channels and thus flowing into the next chamber by passing the apertured bottom walls 11a, 12a, and thus not fluidising the tobacco.
  • the channels 17 and 18 can be redesigned so that they do not dip below the level of the tobacco in the lower chamber provided the lower outlet from these channels is provided with a suitable one-way valve, e.g. a flexible flap valve which is operated by the weight of ground tobacco falling upon it but which is closed by the pressure of steam acting on it. In this way ground tobacco is passed from upper to lower chambers but steam is prevented from passing through these channels from lower to upper chambers.
  • the apparatus may be used for extracting volatile essences from other plant materials or to the recovery of solvents from plant materials by steam distillation for example.
  • Other mass transfer processes involving cohesive material may also employ the present invention to advantage, since these materials may be rendered fluidised by the use of mechanical agitation together with the suitable gas flow through the material.
  • a method of contacting particles of a cohesive plant material with a gas which comprises the steps of: introducing particles of a cohesive plant material into a first fluidizing chamber; introducing a gas upwardly from a further chamber located below said first chamber through said first chamber to form a fluidized bed of the cohesive plant material in said first chamber and simultaneously subjecting said first chamber to mechanical agitation in a horizontal plane only to subject the particles of cohesive material in said first chamber to horizontal agitation; removing said gas from the first chamber; continuously transferring a portion of the fluidized material from the upper portion of the fluidized bed of cohesive plant material in said first chamber sequentially to at least one further fiuidizing chamber located beneath said first chamber; introducing a gas sequentially upwardly through each of said further chambers from the lowermost chamber to said first chamber to form a fluidized bed in each chamber of cohesive plant material transferred thereto from the adjacent chamber located thereabove to contact the particles with the gas and simultaneously subjecting each said further chamber to mechanical agitation in a horizontal plane only to subject the particles of cohesive material in said further chamber

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
US586538A 1965-11-06 1966-10-13 Plural stage fluidization and vibration of cohesive plant material Expired - Lifetime US3511843A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB47136/65A GB1114440A (en) 1965-11-06 1965-11-06 Fluidised beds

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3511843A true US3511843A (en) 1970-05-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US586538A Expired - Lifetime US3511843A (en) 1965-11-06 1966-10-13 Plural stage fluidization and vibration of cohesive plant material

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3511843A (ja)
DE (1) DE1456603A1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1114440A (ja)
NL (1) NL6615580A (ja)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3648380A (en) * 1970-05-28 1972-03-14 Aluminum Co Of America Fluidized bed level control
US3711962A (en) * 1970-12-15 1973-01-23 Okawara Mfg Fluidized drying apparatus
US3771237A (en) * 1971-04-16 1973-11-13 Niro Atomizer As Device for drying damp powders
US4068671A (en) * 1975-07-25 1978-01-17 Amf Incorporated Nicotine removal process
US4592722A (en) * 1984-06-08 1986-06-03 Lightweight Processing Co. Process and apparatus for forming lightweight inorganic aggregate
US4646759A (en) * 1984-01-06 1987-03-03 Philip Morris Incorporated Vibrating trough tobacco separator and classifier
US4670993A (en) * 1984-08-16 1987-06-09 E.C.C. America Inc. Method for fluidizing fine kaolin particles
WO1988002648A1 (en) * 1986-10-20 1988-04-21 Yao Tzu Li Orbital drive evaporator
US4785551A (en) * 1987-05-28 1988-11-22 Kraft, Inc. Method for drying confection pieces
US4818297A (en) * 1981-10-29 1989-04-04 Gebruder Lodige Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Process for removing solvents from bulk material
US4848373A (en) * 1987-04-13 1989-07-18 Helme Tobacco Company Nicotine removal process and product produced thereby
WO1991014910A1 (en) * 1988-11-23 1991-10-03 Seaford Nominees Pty Ltd. Dewatering and drying means for pulp
US5243767A (en) * 1992-07-30 1993-09-14 Peter Stein Method and apparatus for processing particulate material

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8520829D0 (en) * 1985-08-20 1985-09-25 Alfa Laval Cheese Systems Heating of granular &c product
DE102006012577A1 (de) * 2006-03-16 2007-09-20 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Trocknungsvorrichtung für Tabak

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1083802A (en) * 1912-06-15 1914-01-06 Castona Improved Process Co Turpentine and resin extractor.
US1127452A (en) * 1914-07-01 1915-02-09 Eberhard Koch Turpentine and resin extractor.
US2246914A (en) * 1937-05-20 1941-06-24 American Mach & Foundry Method and apparatus for drying and cooling tobacco
US2478473A (en) * 1947-08-22 1949-08-09 Eskew Roderick Koenig Process of recovering nicotine from nicotine-bearing plant material
US2813823A (en) * 1956-09-19 1957-11-19 Maurice W Putman Destructive distillation of hydrocarbonaceous materials
US2876557A (en) * 1955-06-23 1959-03-10 Ducatteau Francis Apparatus for treatment of grains of cereals
US3043752A (en) * 1957-10-30 1962-07-10 Charbonnages De France Process of low and high temperature fluidized carbonization of coal
US3058235A (en) * 1957-07-26 1962-10-16 Chain Belt Co Vibratory heat transfer apparatus
US3161483A (en) * 1960-02-15 1964-12-15 Rex Chainbelt Inc Vibrating fluidized systems
US3284317A (en) * 1963-06-19 1966-11-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Calcining fluid coke
US3288878A (en) * 1964-01-28 1966-11-29 Phillips Petroleum Co Fluidized dehydrogenation process and apparatus

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1083802A (en) * 1912-06-15 1914-01-06 Castona Improved Process Co Turpentine and resin extractor.
US1127452A (en) * 1914-07-01 1915-02-09 Eberhard Koch Turpentine and resin extractor.
US2246914A (en) * 1937-05-20 1941-06-24 American Mach & Foundry Method and apparatus for drying and cooling tobacco
US2478473A (en) * 1947-08-22 1949-08-09 Eskew Roderick Koenig Process of recovering nicotine from nicotine-bearing plant material
US2876557A (en) * 1955-06-23 1959-03-10 Ducatteau Francis Apparatus for treatment of grains of cereals
US2813823A (en) * 1956-09-19 1957-11-19 Maurice W Putman Destructive distillation of hydrocarbonaceous materials
US3058235A (en) * 1957-07-26 1962-10-16 Chain Belt Co Vibratory heat transfer apparatus
US3043752A (en) * 1957-10-30 1962-07-10 Charbonnages De France Process of low and high temperature fluidized carbonization of coal
US3161483A (en) * 1960-02-15 1964-12-15 Rex Chainbelt Inc Vibrating fluidized systems
US3284317A (en) * 1963-06-19 1966-11-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Calcining fluid coke
US3288878A (en) * 1964-01-28 1966-11-29 Phillips Petroleum Co Fluidized dehydrogenation process and apparatus

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3648380A (en) * 1970-05-28 1972-03-14 Aluminum Co Of America Fluidized bed level control
US3711962A (en) * 1970-12-15 1973-01-23 Okawara Mfg Fluidized drying apparatus
US3771237A (en) * 1971-04-16 1973-11-13 Niro Atomizer As Device for drying damp powders
US4068671A (en) * 1975-07-25 1978-01-17 Amf Incorporated Nicotine removal process
US4762592A (en) * 1980-10-27 1988-08-09 Li Yao T Orbital drive evaporator
US4818297A (en) * 1981-10-29 1989-04-04 Gebruder Lodige Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Process for removing solvents from bulk material
US4646759A (en) * 1984-01-06 1987-03-03 Philip Morris Incorporated Vibrating trough tobacco separator and classifier
US4592722A (en) * 1984-06-08 1986-06-03 Lightweight Processing Co. Process and apparatus for forming lightweight inorganic aggregate
US4670993A (en) * 1984-08-16 1987-06-09 E.C.C. America Inc. Method for fluidizing fine kaolin particles
WO1988002648A1 (en) * 1986-10-20 1988-04-21 Yao Tzu Li Orbital drive evaporator
US4848373A (en) * 1987-04-13 1989-07-18 Helme Tobacco Company Nicotine removal process and product produced thereby
US4785551A (en) * 1987-05-28 1988-11-22 Kraft, Inc. Method for drying confection pieces
WO1991014910A1 (en) * 1988-11-23 1991-10-03 Seaford Nominees Pty Ltd. Dewatering and drying means for pulp
US5243767A (en) * 1992-07-30 1993-09-14 Peter Stein Method and apparatus for processing particulate material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1456603A1 (de) 1969-01-02
GB1114440A (en) 1968-05-22
NL6615580A (ja) 1967-05-08

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