US3509898A - Fluid amplifier - Google Patents

Fluid amplifier Download PDF

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Publication number
US3509898A
US3509898A US3509898DA US3509898A US 3509898 A US3509898 A US 3509898A US 3509898D A US3509898D A US 3509898DA US 3509898 A US3509898 A US 3509898A
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Prior art keywords
conduit
fluid
amplifier
pressure
feedback
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
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Michele Monge
Angelo Abbate Daga
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ITE Imperial Corp
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ITE Imperial Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15C—FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES
    • F15C1/00—Circuit elements having no moving parts
    • F15C1/08—Boundary-layer devices, e.g. wall-attachment amplifiers coanda effect
    • F15C1/10—Boundary-layer devices, e.g. wall-attachment amplifiers coanda effect for digital operation, e.g. to form a logical flip-flop, OR-gate, NOR-gate, AND-gate; Comparators; Pulse generators
    • F15C1/12—Multiple arrangements thereof for performing operations of the same kind, e.g. majority gates, identity gates ; Counting circuits; Sliding registers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15C—FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES
    • F15C1/00—Circuit elements having no moving parts
    • F15C1/08—Boundary-layer devices, e.g. wall-attachment amplifiers coanda effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15C—FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES
    • F15C1/00—Circuit elements having no moving parts
    • F15C1/08—Boundary-layer devices, e.g. wall-attachment amplifiers coanda effect
    • F15C1/10—Boundary-layer devices, e.g. wall-attachment amplifiers coanda effect for digital operation, e.g. to form a logical flip-flop, OR-gate, NOR-gate, AND-gate; Comparators; Pulse generators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S200/00—Electricity: circuit makers and breakers
    • Y10S200/05—Fluid pressure: fluid amplifier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2065—Responsive to condition external of system
    • Y10T137/2071—And causing change or correction of sensed condition

Definitions

  • a fluid amplifier that provides a sensitive switching function including basically a planar fluidic amplifier having a supply passage that directs fluid selectively to first and second outlet passages, these passages being arranged so that the supply flow normally exits from the first outlet so that the device has monostable characteristics, there being provided a control passage for conveying control fluid which directs the supply fluid from the first passage to the second passage which is the passage conveying fluid to a load, the first outlet passage being directed back in opposed relation to the control fluid passage so that it in effect assists the monostable characteristics of the device and renders the device sensitive to a predetermined control pressure to switch from the first outlet passage to the second utilization outlet passage.
  • This invention relates to fluid amplifiers utilizing the principle of interaction of two or a plurality of fluid jets, such as water or air, for accomplishing various functions, such as signal amplification and detection, and various logical functions equivalent in all to those currently carried out by electronic systems.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a fluid amplifier acting as a relay, in which the switching operation function takes place without the use of any moving part by snap action on or oil similarly to the operation obtainable by means of electric relays or thyratrons.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a fluid amplifier operating as a relay, the switch point of which is adjustable throughout the range of variation of the input signal, the output signal being of improved stability, and the sensitivity of the switch point being improved with respect to relays having mechanical moving parts known in the art of pneumatic instrumentation.
  • a further object of this invention is to utilize a fluid amplifier operating as an adjustable trigger relay for switching over electric contacts in a power switch.
  • a further object of this invention is to utilize a fluid amplifier operating as an adjustable trigger relay for accomplishing the proximity alarm function, wherein setting of the alarm distance is variable without the use of mechanical moving parts or without parts contacting the body to be signaled.
  • a further essential object of this invention is to utilize a fluid amplifier operating as a relay for accomplishing the function of input signal delay with adjustable delay time.
  • a further object of this invention is to utilize a fluid amplifier operating as a relay for obtaining a variable frequency oscillator.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of the fluid amplifier according to this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view on line II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view on line IIIIII of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are sectional views showing the operation of the amplifier according to this invention.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show the combination of an amplifier according to this invention with an electric switch
  • FIG. 8 shows the use of the combination according to FIGS. 6 and 7 in connection with a machine tool
  • FIG. 9 shows the use of a plurality of fluid amplifiers according to this invention in connection with an automation box
  • FIG. 10 shows the use of a fluid amplifier according to this invention for providing a distance detector
  • FIG. 11 shows the use of a fluid amplifier according to this invention for providing a delay relay
  • FIG. 12 shows the use of an amplifier according to this invention for providing an oscillator.
  • the fluid amplifier denoted by 1 comprises three planar plates 2, 3 and 4 forming a sandwich held together by means of suitable screws 5 or adhesives or other conventional fastening means.
  • the plates 2, 3 and 4 may be made of any suitable metallic, plastic or ceramic material.
  • the plates 3 are formed with:
  • a conduit 14 for a control fluid having its axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the main conduit 12, situated at an angle exceeding to the axis of the output conduit 13; a feedback conduit 15 branched from the region of convergence 16 of the three conduits 12, 13 and 14 and having the axis of its pick-up section lying between the axes of the output conduit 13 and control conduit 14.
  • the feedback conduit 15 opens into the region of convergence 16 by a delivery section 17 having its axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the main conduit and opposed to the control conduit 14.
  • the adjacent walls of the output conduit 13 and of the pick-up section of the feedback conduit are interconnected by a section 18 acting as flow divider.
  • the main conduit 12 is off-set with respect to the divider 18 so that in the absence of a fluid stream in the control conduit 14, the working fluid fed to the main conduit 12 tends to flow through the feedback conduit 15 in a closed cycle, whereas in the presence of a fluid stream of suflicient power in the control conduit 14 the working fluid from the main conduit is deflected to the output conduit 13.
  • a bleed valve 19 is interposed in the feedback conduit and is controlled by a needle screw 20 formed with a conical end section.
  • the conduit 15 includes past its pick-up section an enlarged section in which the bleed valve 19 is provided.
  • the section 18 acting as flow divider includes a concave wall having its concavity turned towards the fluid supply from the main conduit and forming with the contiguous walls of the feed back conduit 15 and discharge conduit 13 two flow-dividing edges turned towards the outlet opening of the main conduit 12.
  • the plate 4 is formed with tapped holes adapted to receive nipples for the interconnecting pipes through which a pressure fluid is admitted into the conduits formed in the plate 3.
  • Any working fluid of a gaseous nature such as air or of a liquid nature such as water or oil may be employed.
  • the fluid amplifier 1 is fed with working fluid through the nipple 6 and interconnecting pipe 7 from a pressure source 8, it being understood that the desired pressure of the working fluid may be obtained by means of a conventional pressure reducer well known in the art of pneumatic instrumentation.
  • the fluid amplifier may be connected to a source of pressure 11 which supplies fluid for the control signal.
  • the control signal may be any pressure signal adjustable throughout the Working range of the amplifier e.g. by means of a pressure reducer. With the adjusting screw 20 the switching point of the amplifier 1 may be varied throughout the working range of the latter.
  • the nipple 14' acts as an output for the element, from which a signal on or off is obtained as a function of the working point of the amplifier 1.
  • the pressure fluid from the source of supply 8 is admitted to the conduit 12 from which it flows to the region of convergence 16.
  • the control fluid is admitted to the conduit 14 from which it flows to the region of convergence 16 to deliver a control signal.
  • the working fluid jet issuing from the conduit 12 is nearer the sidewall 24 of the conduit than to the wall 25 of the conduit 13 and sticks to the wall 24 by the Coanda effect well known in the art of fluid amplification and is recycled through the conduit 15.
  • FIG. 4 shows the configuration taken by the working fluid stream in the absence of a control signal.
  • the fluid jet issuing from the end section 17 of the feed back conduit 15 acts at the region 16 on the working fluid issuing from the main conduit 12, whereby the sticking effect to the sidewall 24 is increased, the whirl 26 forming at the region of the divider 18 promoting the stability of the working fluid stream. Consequently, no fluid flows through the conduit 13 and there is no output signal.
  • the effect due to the positive feed back of fluid in the conduit 15 together with the geometrical off-set of the axis of the main conduit 12 and divider 18, keeps the fluid stream sticking to the wall 24 so that, in the absence of the control signal, there is no output signal.
  • the main jet is switched from its initial position to its switched-on position by a peculiar snap action similar to that of conventional relays.
  • FIG. 5 shows the configuration taken by the fluid stream in the fluid amplifier in a switched-on position.
  • the jet keeps stable in this new position since the feedback has decreased and the differential operating pressure 4 acts to maintain the jet sticking to the wall 25.
  • the fluid stream issuing from the conduit 13 can be variously utilized as a power signal.
  • the amplifier 1 is therefore monostable with positive feedback in operation and snappingly accomplishes the on and off function similarly to certain pneumatic relays known in the art of pneumatic instrumentation; the snapping operation depends only upon the pressure gradient occurring transversely of the power jet and not upon the level of the control pressure so that by varying the feedback value it is possible to vary the control pressure with respect to which the peculiar snap-action switching over of the amplifier is performed.
  • the switching point can be set within a wide range of variation in control pressure by varying the bias of the feedback by means of the screw 20 which affords continuous variation in bias.
  • the bleed valve 19 controlled by screw 20 acts as a variable resistor by which a more or less large fraction of the feedback stream can be discharged to the outside to thereby decrease or increase at will the pressure level in the end section 17 of the feedback conduit 15.
  • the monostable variable positive feedback fluid amplifier is fed with a pressure of 20 p.s.i. (an exemplary feed pressure for pneumatic instruments known in the art). Under these conditions the switching point can be con tinuously adjusted throughout the range in variation from 3 to 15 p.s.i. (which is the standard range of pneumatic instruments) with a setting accuracy of the switching point within 2 cm. water column.
  • This high accuracy greater than with conventional pneumatic relays having mechanical moving parts, together with the constancy in setting with time make the variable positive feed-back fluid amplifier more particularly suitable for use instead of conventional pneumatic relays.
  • the active output of the amplifier according to this invention may be directly utilized either as pressureor delivery signal for operating control members, intercepting valves, pneumatic cylinders, etc.
  • the amplifier is combined with an electric switch as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the output conduit is connected by a further conduit 28 to one end of an elongated chamber 29 freely accommodating a ball 30, which may be of stainless steel or any other material.
  • the other end of the chamber is open to let the ball 30 through.
  • a microswitch 31 is attached, the operating lever 32 of which bears on the ball 30 preventing escape thereof from the chamber 29.
  • a suitable clearance between the ball 30 and sidewall of the chamber 29, which acts as a fluid output impedance allowing a certain flow of air to the outside, causes the ball to constantly remain floating in contact with the microswitch operating lever. In addition, friction between the ball and seat therefor is avoided.
  • Transduction of the' signal issuing from the amplifier 1 to an electric signal may moreover be obtained by means of the output fluid from the amplifier or by other means known in the art, such as actuation of a reed switch by means of a permanent magnet; in this case the ball 30 is replaced by a permanent magnet.
  • the electric output signal may moreover be obtained without the use of moving mechanical parts by means of hot wire thermistors or anemometers, such as 33 in FIG. 7, adapted to signal the flow of fluid possessing a certain velocity.
  • a pneumatic apparatus which comprises one or a plurality of pneumatic units for measuring size, known in the art, in which to the variation in a size there corresponds a variation in pressure proportional thereto.
  • This pressuremodulated signal is sent to one or a plurality of electropneumatic relays which supply an electric output signal at a predetermined value of dimensional size.
  • These electric outputs may directly operate remote control switches controlling the cycle of a machine tool.
  • FIG. 8 shows by way of example only a possible arrangement of the automation box for machine tools utilizing fluid amplifiers according to this invention.
  • the pressure from the measuring circuit which includes a pressure reducer 34, an adjustable throtle 35 and a measuring nozzle 36, is transmitted to an indicator 37 which may be of the Bourdons tube or water column type.
  • the pressure is further sent to the control conduits of two fluid amplifiers denoted by 38 and 39 of the adjustable positive feedback type, provided with an electric or electronic output stage, adapted to directly drive both conventional machine control switches, magnetic valves and other control members.
  • the fluid amplifiers 38, 39 yield at a predetermined value of the size taken by the workpiece being machined an electric output capable of effecting stoppage of the working cycle of the machine tool according to a predetermined sequence, which may be adapted to the type of machine tool. For instance, in grinding machine, at the roughing out stage, when the size of the workpiece is reduced to a pre-established roughing out limit, the positive feedback fluid amplifier, which has been previously set at this value, switches over.
  • the effective output from the fluid amplifier 38 effects then through a microswitch stoppage of the roughing out operation and starting of the finishing operation.
  • switching over of the second amplifier 39 which has been previously set to this value, effects stoppage of the grinding cycle.
  • adjustable positive feedback fluid amplifier in connection with automation box affords, in addition to higher accuracy and life, a safer operation due to total absence of moving parts.
  • the whole automatic measuring and check circuit can be provided on one panel 41 only. In this case the automation box appears as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the fluid amplifier according to this invention is suitable for wide use in all pneumatic dimensional gauging operations, such as automatic selection and classification in classes, post-process testing, etc.
  • the fluid amplifier according to this invention may be employed for signaling the passage or presence of a workpiece.
  • the adjustable positive feedback fluid amplifier acts as a proximity alarm and is arranged as shown in FIG. 10.
  • an outwardly opening pipe 41 is branched on the main conduit 12, provided with a nozzle 42 and a throttle 43 intermediate its free end and the main conduit 12.
  • the control conduit 14 is branched from a section of the branch pipe 41 between the throttle and nozzle 42.
  • the nozzle 42 cooperates with the surface of a workpiece 44 in order to determine the distance of the latter.
  • the stream from the branch pipe 41 through the throttle 43 is free to flow to the outside through the nozzle 42.
  • the static pressure value built up in the conduit 14 is therefore rather low. This pressure is used to provide the amplifier control signal.
  • the presence of the said surface prevents free flow of the stream through the nozzle, consequently increases the static pressure in the section between the throttle 43 and conduit 14.
  • the static pressure in the conduit 14 equals or exceeds the value of the feedback pressure, it switches over the stream in the main conduit, so that a pressure signal arises at the amplifier output whenever any surface is within reach of the sensing nozzle 42.
  • the pressure signal may be utilized in various manners known in the art for either signaling, such as by means of lamps or other alarm system, the presence of the workpiece or directly drive pneumatic control or safety devices.
  • a further modification of the circuitry of the fluid amplifier according to this invention will afford a delay function.
  • FIG. 11 shows a delayed time relay for carrying out the above described function by utilizing a fluid amplifier, more particularly an adjustable positive feedback monostable fluid amplifier according to this invention.
  • a source of pressure 45 is connected by an intercepting valve 46 to the end of a pipe 47 from which a tank 48 is derived.
  • the other end of the pipe 47 is connected with the control conduit 14 of the amplifier 1.
  • a throttle valve 49 adjustable in cross sectional area is interposed between the connection for the tank 48 in the pipe 47 and amplifier 1.
  • the output signal remains stable throughout the duration period of the control signal.
  • the control signal is shut off by closing the valve 46, the output signal tends to keep stable in this condition because the static pressure in the tank 48, hence in the control conduit of the amplifier 1, exceeds the feedback value.
  • the working fluid stream which is thus switched over to the effective output of the element has a constant mean velocity V and therefore sets up a constant suction at the interaction zone between the control conduit and main conduit.
  • the pressure in the tank 48 tends to sink and discharge fluid through the variable throttle 49 at a velocity depending both on the value of the resistance imposed by the throttle itself and on the suction level of the main stream.
  • the delay effect on the output signal is thereby obtained by utilizing the fluid amplifier according to this invention without employing any moving mechanical part. Moreover, since the sucked air delivery at the interaction region of the main stream is constant, a high accuracy in reproducibility of the delay times is afforded.
  • This effect may be widely used wherever it is necessary to extend the duration period of the output signal even in the absence of the input signal and obtain after a certain period, which is variable at will, automatic zeroing of the output without having recourse to any external signal for re-setting.
  • a further use of the amplifier according to this invention is the combination with a blind bottom conduit for accomplishing the function of variable frequency oscillat'or similar to the function of conventional electronic oscillators.
  • a possible configuration of the oscillator employing the fluid amplifier is given in FIG. 12, in which the feedback conduit 15 is deprived of its bleed valve.
  • the value of the pressure in the feedback conduit 15 is therefore constant and reaches its maximum value admitted by the recovery capacity of the conduit 15.
  • the control conduit 14 is connected with a conduit 50 of a predetermined length closed at its end by an intercepting valve 51.
  • the main fluid flows through the feedback conduit 15 and is returned to the input thereby increasing the sticking effect of the main stream to the sidewall 24.
  • the fluid portion from the main stream that cannot be carried along to the output by the stream in the conduit 15 fills by flowing through the conduit 14, the conduit 50 which performs an inertance function similar to the inductance in electric circuits.
  • a pressure wave is thereby set up in the conduit 50 and propagates at a velocity depending upon the pressure gradient set up in the inertance, reaching the closed end of the conduit 50, and is thereafter reflected and returned towards the conduit 14 of the amplifier 1.
  • the pressure wave arriving in the conduit 14 effects switching over of the main stream towards the output of the amplifier 1 at which a pressure signal is given.
  • the jet oscillates between the two positions at a constant frequency depending merely upon the time taken by the pressure wave to flow through the whole path to and fro in the conduit '50.
  • the length of the conduit 50 it is therefore possible to vary the frequency of oscillation.
  • a pulsating pressure signal arises, the frequency of which is constant and independent within wide limits from the output load.
  • the fluid oscillator is advantageous in that it can be employed in the low frequency range by inserting suitable inertances, comprising for instance turns in the calibrated length conduit 50.
  • Fluid amplifier of the type comprising a main input conduit for a working fluid, an output conduit for said working fluid having its axis deflected from the axis of the input conduit, utilization means for working fluid from said output conduit and a conduit for a control fluid having its axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the main conduit and at an angle exceeding to the axis of the output conduit, a feedback conduit branched adjacent the zone of convergence of the three above mentioned conduits and having an axis lying between the axes of the output conduit and control conduit, said working fluid being adapted to be directed to the output conduit or the feedback conduit, said feedback conduit opening into the region of convergence of the above mentioned conduits by an end section having its axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the main conduit and opposed to the control conduit; said feedback conduit constructed to feedback substantially all of the fluid in said feedback conduit toward said region of convergence, the adjacent walls of the output conduit and the feedback conduit being interconnected by a section acting as a divider; the
  • Fluid amplifier as claimed in claim 1 including a discharge opening to the outside of said amplifier provided in the feedback conduit and controlled by adjusting means adapted to vary its cross sectional area in order to vary the fluid pressure from the feedback conduit which acts on the working fluid stream from the main input conduit.
  • Fluid amplifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein said divider between the adjacent walls of the output conduit and feedback conduit includes a concave wall turned with its concavity towards the inflow of fluid from the main conduit and forming together with the contiguous walls of the feedback conduit and discharge conduit two dividing edges turned towards the output of the main input conduit.
  • a fluid amplifier as defined in claim 1 including an electric switch provided with a movable operating member situated in the path of the fluid issuing from the output conduit of the amplifier.
  • a fluid amplifier as defined in claim 1 including means for measuring workpieces during work, said measuring means having a branch conduit connected to said main conduit, the control conduit being connected with the branch conduit delivering the measuring pressure for operating dependently upon the measuring pressure the amplifier and the utilization means to control a stage of the operational cycle of the machine.
  • Fluid amplifier as claimed in claim 1 wherein an outwardly opening pipe is branched from the main conduit, provided with a calibrated nozzle at its free end and a throttle intermediate its free end and the main conduit, the control conduit being derived from a section of the said branch pipe intermediate the throttle and calibrated nozzle, the nozzle being adapted to cooperate with a surface turned towards the nozzle in order to determine distance thereof.
  • a fluid amplifier providing a sensitive switching function, comprising: a supply conduit, a first outlet conduit, a second outlet conduit, said conduits being positioned so that in the absence of other influences supply fluid flow in said supply conduit will exit through said first conduit thereby giving the amplifier a monostable characteristic, utilization means communicating with said second conduit and responsive to fluid pressure therein, a control conduit for supplying fluid to switch the supply fluid from said first outlet to said second outlet, means providing sensitive switching from said first conduit to said second conduit including means for feeding back substantially all of the fluid in said first outlet toward a region of interaction between the control fluid and the supply fluid, and means for directing the feedback fluid to oppose the influence of said control fluid on the supply fluid whereby when the control fluid overcomes the influences of the monostable characteristic of the amplifier, supply fluid will be rapidly switched to said second outlet at a predetermined pressure of control fluid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
US3509898D 1965-08-03 1966-07-22 Fluid amplifier Expired - Lifetime US3509898A (en)

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IT1797365 1965-08-03

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US (1) US3509898A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE1523598B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR1488649A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1149904A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
SE (1) SE323883B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3621167A (en) * 1969-12-02 1971-11-16 Gen Motors Corp Piston switch controlled by fluid amplifier with time delay
US3702406A (en) * 1970-11-09 1972-11-07 Eastman Kodak Co Fluid operated control apparatus responsive to sensing a plurality of members containing one of two codes
US4322590A (en) * 1979-10-22 1982-03-30 Martin Sobel Pneumatic remote sensing apparatus
CN102661728A (zh) * 2012-05-22 2012-09-12 绍兴文理学院 钢筘气压检测装置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3001539A (en) * 1960-08-15 1961-09-26 Hurvitz Hyman Suction amplifier
US3131601A (en) * 1961-06-22 1964-05-05 Itt Hydraulic system
US3158166A (en) * 1962-08-07 1964-11-24 Raymond W Warren Negative feedback oscillator
US3217727A (en) * 1963-09-10 1965-11-16 Chris E Spyropoulos Pneumatic relaxation oscillator
US3241668A (en) * 1963-10-04 1966-03-22 Sperry Rand Corp Fluid identification and sorting device
US3241669A (en) * 1964-08-17 1966-03-22 Sperry Rand Corp Fluid sorter
US3244370A (en) * 1963-01-18 1966-04-05 Bowles Eng Corp Fluid pulse converter
US3425430A (en) * 1960-08-24 1969-02-04 Billy M Horton Fluid-operated system

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3001539A (en) * 1960-08-15 1961-09-26 Hurvitz Hyman Suction amplifier
US3425430A (en) * 1960-08-24 1969-02-04 Billy M Horton Fluid-operated system
US3425430B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1960-08-24 1992-07-14 Ronald E Bowles
US3131601A (en) * 1961-06-22 1964-05-05 Itt Hydraulic system
US3158166A (en) * 1962-08-07 1964-11-24 Raymond W Warren Negative feedback oscillator
US3244370A (en) * 1963-01-18 1966-04-05 Bowles Eng Corp Fluid pulse converter
US3217727A (en) * 1963-09-10 1965-11-16 Chris E Spyropoulos Pneumatic relaxation oscillator
US3241668A (en) * 1963-10-04 1966-03-22 Sperry Rand Corp Fluid identification and sorting device
US3241669A (en) * 1964-08-17 1966-03-22 Sperry Rand Corp Fluid sorter

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3621167A (en) * 1969-12-02 1971-11-16 Gen Motors Corp Piston switch controlled by fluid amplifier with time delay
US3702406A (en) * 1970-11-09 1972-11-07 Eastman Kodak Co Fluid operated control apparatus responsive to sensing a plurality of members containing one of two codes
US4322590A (en) * 1979-10-22 1982-03-30 Martin Sobel Pneumatic remote sensing apparatus
CN102661728A (zh) * 2012-05-22 2012-09-12 绍兴文理学院 钢筘气压检测装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1523598B2 (de) 1972-09-28
FR1488649A (fr) 1967-07-13
DE1523598A1 (de) 1970-03-19
SE323883B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1970-05-11
GB1149904A (en) 1969-04-23

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