US3507771A - Metal anode for electrolytic cells - Google Patents

Metal anode for electrolytic cells Download PDF

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Publication number
US3507771A
US3507771A US668399A US3507771DA US3507771A US 3507771 A US3507771 A US 3507771A US 668399 A US668399 A US 668399A US 3507771D A US3507771D A US 3507771DA US 3507771 A US3507771 A US 3507771A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
metal anode
electrolytic cells
millimeters
brine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US668399A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ernst Donges
Helmut Hund
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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Publication date
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C25B1/36—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in mercury cathode cells

Definitions

  • German Auslegeschrift (DAS) No. 1,235,277 discloses an arrangement of anodes, in which the flat metal anode is provided with a joint piece intended to force the brine through the gap between the anode and the cathode in order to bring about a sufficiently high brine concentration in the electro gap. This, however, only slightly affects the gas film so that even this arrangements reduces the current efliciency at a short distance between the electrodes.
  • the present invention nowrelates to a metal anode covered with a layer of platinum, preferably titanium, for electrolyzing alkali metal chlorides in electrolytic cells having a mercury cathode, which anode consists of U-shaped profiles arranged in ranks at a short distance from one another, each of which comprises two flanges ending in symmetrically folded portions which form with those of the adjacent profiles an obtuse angle, the vertex of which being provided with a slot and the web of the profile being provided with a range of holes or a slot.
  • the folded portions of two adjacent profiles may form any obtuse angle in the range of from +120 to l20
  • the slot along the vertex has a width ranging from 1 to 4 millimeters, preferably it is 2 millimeters.
  • the web of the profile has a width in the range of from 2 to 10, preferably from 3 to 5 millimeters and the height of the flange ranges from 5 to 50, preferably from 15 to 25 millimeters.
  • the distance between two adjacent profiles of a metal anode is in the range of from 5 to 30, preferably from 12 to 20 millimeters.
  • the holes in the web of a profile, through which the gas and the spent brine escape, preferably have a diameter which corresponds to the width of the web.
  • the surfaces of the folded portions facing the cathode are lined with a layer of precious metal, preferably platinum, iridium or platinum-iridium, which reaches up to about 2 millimeters into the U-shaped profile.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are anodes consisting of a number of U-shaped profiles as well as anodes shaped in folds from a single metal sheet.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 are perspective views of sections of the anode.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section of the anode provided with a device for current supply.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of sections of two profiles, showing the flow of the brine in the anodes shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of sections of two profiles, showing the flow of the brine in the anode shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of an anode provided with a device for the current supply.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 each shows a perspective view of two profiles with the folded portions of their flanges forming the extreme obtuse angle.
  • FIG. 10 shows the current density as a function of voltage.
  • web 1 is limited by flanges 2 whose folded portions 3 have slots 4 parallel to their folding lines, through which slots the brine circulates.
  • Web 1 is provided with holes 5, through which the brine circulates likewise.
  • the distance between the individual U-shaped profiles is indicated by 6.
  • the fresh brine poor in gas bubbles passes between the individual U-shaped profiles into slot 4, it is fllen divided into two partial streams 7 and 8 which flow along the phase boundary and which unite within the U-shaped profiles to form a stream 9 rich in gas bubbles, which escapes from the anode through holes 5.
  • FIGURE 10 the current density measured in the individual elements of an anode, is shown as a function of voltage.
  • the individual elements had the following d1mensions: length of the profile: 250 millimeters; width of the web 1: 4 millimeters; height of the flange 2: 15 millimeters; width of the slot 4: 2 millimeters; folded portion 3 formed with the corresponding portion of the adjacent profile an obtuse angle of
  • the currentvoltage curve was fixed at a cell temperature of 70 C., a medium brine concentration of 300 grams of NaCl/liter of brine and an amalgam discharge concentration of 0.12% of sodium.
  • the current efliciency was 96.5%, the distance of the remotest point of the anode from the cathode being about 2 millimeters.
  • curve I measured on the anode of the invention was compared with curve II measured on an anode having no slots (4), for example the cell voltage diiference between curves I and II was 0.3 volt at a current density of 10 ka./square meter. This corresponds to a saving in energy of 7% by the anode of the invention in comparison with the anode of the prior art.
  • the anode of the invention has the following advantages:
  • the brine necessarily circulates about the individual profiles of which the anode consists, owing to their different partial densities.
  • fresh brine poor in gas bubbles continuously passes the phase boundary whereas the same amount of spent brine rich in gas bubbles escapes from the phase boundary.
  • the finely divided small gas bubbles accumulate outside the phase boundary to form big gas bubbles which are then withdrawn in usual manner. Turbulences in the brine, which adversely affect the electrolytic process, do not occur in. the arrangement of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
US668399A 1966-09-30 1967-09-18 Metal anode for electrolytic cells Expired - Lifetime US3507771A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEF0050329 1966-09-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3507771A true US3507771A (en) 1970-04-21

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US668399A Expired - Lifetime US3507771A (en) 1966-09-30 1967-09-18 Metal anode for electrolytic cells

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3507771A (fi)
AT (1) AT271505B (fi)
BE (1) BE704563A (fi)
CH (1) CH491673A (fi)
ES (1) ES345491A1 (fi)
FI (1) FI47873C (fi)
GB (1) GB1206762A (fi)
NL (1) NL6712897A (fi)
NO (1) NO116243B (fi)
SE (1) SE320654B (fi)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3671415A (en) * 1969-09-02 1972-06-20 Ici Ltd Continuous lead-in core for an electrode assembly
US3839179A (en) * 1971-07-17 1974-10-01 Conradty Fa C Electrolysis cell
US3929607A (en) * 1974-02-25 1975-12-30 Ici Ltd Anodes for electrochemical processes
US3953316A (en) * 1973-11-05 1976-04-27 Olin Corporation Metal anode assembly
US4013525A (en) * 1973-09-24 1977-03-22 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Electrolytic cells
US4029566A (en) * 1974-02-02 1977-06-14 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Electrode for electrochemical processes and method of producing the same
US4059500A (en) * 1975-04-14 1977-11-22 Georgy Mikirtychevich Kamarian Electrode unit
US4060475A (en) * 1975-03-06 1977-11-29 Rhone-Poulenc Industries Electrolytic cell suitable for producing alkali metal chlorates
FR2360690A1 (fr) * 1976-08-04 1978-03-03 Ici Ltd Cellules a diaphragmes
US4154665A (en) * 1976-08-04 1979-05-15 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Diaphragm cell
US4263107A (en) * 1979-05-03 1981-04-21 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Electrolytic apparatus and process
US4379742A (en) * 1980-03-03 1983-04-12 Conradty Gmbh Co. Metallelektroden Kg Gas-generating metal electrode for electrochemical processes
EP0685575A1 (de) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-06 Heraeus Elektrochemie GmbH Elektrolysezellen-Elektrode

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2744864A (en) * 1951-02-14 1956-05-08 Merck E Apparatus for the electrolysis of aqueous alkali sulphate solutions
US2974098A (en) * 1961-03-07 Rod and plate electrode assembly
US3062733A (en) * 1961-06-05 1962-11-06 Dow Chemical Co Electrolytic cell and anode assembly thereof
US3174923A (en) * 1961-06-14 1965-03-23 Dow Chemical Co Mercury cathode electrolytic cell
CA748864A (en) * 1966-12-20 Imperial Metal Industries (Kynoch) Limited Anodes and electrolytic cells having such anodes

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2974098A (en) * 1961-03-07 Rod and plate electrode assembly
CA748864A (en) * 1966-12-20 Imperial Metal Industries (Kynoch) Limited Anodes and electrolytic cells having such anodes
US2744864A (en) * 1951-02-14 1956-05-08 Merck E Apparatus for the electrolysis of aqueous alkali sulphate solutions
US3062733A (en) * 1961-06-05 1962-11-06 Dow Chemical Co Electrolytic cell and anode assembly thereof
US3174923A (en) * 1961-06-14 1965-03-23 Dow Chemical Co Mercury cathode electrolytic cell

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3671415A (en) * 1969-09-02 1972-06-20 Ici Ltd Continuous lead-in core for an electrode assembly
US3839179A (en) * 1971-07-17 1974-10-01 Conradty Fa C Electrolysis cell
US4013525A (en) * 1973-09-24 1977-03-22 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Electrolytic cells
US3953316A (en) * 1973-11-05 1976-04-27 Olin Corporation Metal anode assembly
US4029566A (en) * 1974-02-02 1977-06-14 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Electrode for electrochemical processes and method of producing the same
US3929607A (en) * 1974-02-25 1975-12-30 Ici Ltd Anodes for electrochemical processes
US4060475A (en) * 1975-03-06 1977-11-29 Rhone-Poulenc Industries Electrolytic cell suitable for producing alkali metal chlorates
US4059500A (en) * 1975-04-14 1977-11-22 Georgy Mikirtychevich Kamarian Electrode unit
FR2360690A1 (fr) * 1976-08-04 1978-03-03 Ici Ltd Cellules a diaphragmes
US4141814A (en) * 1976-08-04 1979-02-27 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Diaphragm cell
US4154665A (en) * 1976-08-04 1979-05-15 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Diaphragm cell
US4263107A (en) * 1979-05-03 1981-04-21 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Electrolytic apparatus and process
US4379742A (en) * 1980-03-03 1983-04-12 Conradty Gmbh Co. Metallelektroden Kg Gas-generating metal electrode for electrochemical processes
EP0685575A1 (de) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-06 Heraeus Elektrochemie GmbH Elektrolysezellen-Elektrode

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE320654B (fi) 1970-02-16
NO116243B (fi) 1969-02-24
CH491673A (de) 1970-06-15
GB1206762A (en) 1970-09-30
FI47873B (fi) 1974-01-02
NL6712897A (fi) 1968-04-01
AT271505B (de) 1969-06-10
ES345491A1 (es) 1968-11-16
BE704563A (fi) 1968-04-02
FI47873C (fi) 1974-04-10

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