US350270A - pischon - Google Patents

Description

- lNo Model.)

. 2 Sheets-Sl1eet 2; H. PISUHON 811R. PI'BNNIG. VACUUM ICE MAKING MAGHINB.

' No. 350,270. Patented Oct. 5, 1886.

PhnkrrLilhogmphur, Waxhingiun, n1.

NITED STATES FFICE.

, PATENT HUGO PISOHON AND RICHARD PFENNIG, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNORS TO THE INTERNATIONALER VAKUUM EIS-MASOHINEN VEREIN, OF SAME PLACE.

VACUUM ICE-MAKING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 350,270, dated October-5, 1886,

Application filed July 10,4886. Serial No. 207,638. (No model.) Patented in France September 17, 1885, No, 171,219; in Germany October 17. 1885, No. 36,055, and in Austria-Hungary March 21, 1886, No. 42,420 and No. 7,025.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, HUGO PISCHON and RICHARD PFENNIG, both residents of the city of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and German Empire, have invented certain Improvements in Vacuum Ice-Making Machines, (for which Letters Patent have also been obtained in Germany under the No. 36,055, dated the 17th of October, 1885; in France under the N 0. 171,219, dated the 17th of September, 1885, and in Austria Hungary under the N o. 42,420/85T0m. 36, fol. 490,

7,025/86-T0m. XX, 01. 501, dated the 26th of March, 1886,) of which improvements the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to a machine for makingiceand for cooling fluids,and requiring such little working power that it can be driven by hand, if necessary.

The machine is represented in the accompanying drawings.

Figure I shows a longitudinal section, and Fig. II a front view of it, and Fig. III shows a modification of the construction for the ab sorber.

The machine is based in its construction on the well-known physical principle of the evaporation of water in spaces containing rarefied air, and the parts of the machine are materially as follows: first, the ice-generator and water-cooling apparatus E; second, the absorber A; third, the evaporator (concentrator) O; fourth, the vacuum-pump with two aircylinders, l? and P, which are placed on both sides of a pillar-shaped frame, S, and, fifth, the driving mechanisms appertaining to the machine, and,finally, thetubes connecting the above-mentioned parts.

Theice-generator orwater-cooling apparatus E consists of a hollow glass cylinder, E, the end surfaces of which are ground straight. The glass cylinderEis pressed bymeans of ascrew mechanism between the two india-rubber rings K K,with which the two cast-iron lids G and H are provided. The upper lid, G, is firmly connected with the waste-pipe S, and is bent in the shape of a bow, whereas the lower lid, H, which is shaped like a table, can be moved up and down by means of screw and handwheel M. This lid is prevented from turning by a shoulder, D, working in a groove of the waste-pipe S, which forms at the same time the frame of the machine.

The ice-generatorstands in connection with the absorber A by means of the waste-pipe S, 5 5

which allows the water-vapors to escape. The absorber A consists of a cylinder mounted vertically or horizontally, which cylinder is either of a common form, as shown in Fig. II, or of a longitudinallyundulatory shape, as shown in Fig. III. This cylinder maybe made either of cast or wrought iron or of hard lead. The absorber is filled in part with sulphuric acid or any other fluid that absorbs water-vapors,

and has in its center axis a rotating peculiarly- 6 shaped stirring apparatus, the ends of which rest in bushes. The stirring apparatus is fastened to the axle R, and is driven by cogwheels or friction-plates and by the vertical aXleT direct from the main shaftB. kinds of stirrers are fastened to the axle R. The one sort consists of the perforated plates Y,bent undulatorily,whereas the other sort is composed of scoops X, standing inclined toward the axle R and placed between theplates 7 5' just named. The object of the scoops X is to effect a very close mixture, and to scatter the absorbing-fluid, whereas the stirring-plat'esY are intended to make a wetted upper surface as large as possible and above the level of 80 the fluid, for the water-vapors that have to be absorbed are forced to pass through the perforations and the open circuit surfaces of the stirringplates Y. The front lid of the absorber A gradually develops into a hollow ver- 8 5 tical cast-iron pillar, N, the closed lower part of which forms the dome of the absorber. In the lower swelling of this lid are the wheel-works Z Z for the stirring apparatus. 7 The vertical shaft T, which transmits the motion from the 0 main shaft B onto the axle R, and which is packed in a stuffing-box, V, has underneath the latter and inside the dome a shade, NV, which serves to prevent any particles of the absorbingfluid that may be dashed upward from getting 9 5 at the month of the tube and the stumng-box. When only small quantities of ice have to be made,it suffices in the most cases to let the acid Two which has got heated by absorbing the watervapors, cool by the effect of the outer air on it, and the simplest way of obtaining a large cooling-surface for this purpose is to use the j acketsurface of the absorbencylinder as it is reprerented in undulatory shape in Fig. III. A more energetic cooling of the acid is arrived at by enveloping the absorber loosely with a blanket, and by pouring water (or any other fluid) on this blanket. The water thus poured on evaporates, and by abstracting heat from the cylinder helps to cool it.

The concentrator serves to evaporate the watcr absorbed by the sulphuric acid. It consists oi'a hard-lead pan, 0, open at the top and filled with sulphuric acid used before to absorb the water-vapors, and is suspended in a larger cop per or iron vessel, Q. The intermediate space between G and Q thus formed is filled with a fluid hard to boil-for instance, caustic soda, glycerinc, 8:0. This fluid is selected with due regard to the fact that its boiling-point is hi gher than that of the sulphuric acid to be concentrated. while, on the other hand, its boilingpoint is lower than the melti n g-point of thelead of which the evaporatioirpan is made. In order to prevent the temperature of this fluid from getting above the degree of concentration ofthe sulphuric acid and above its own boilingpoint,when heated from outside by a or petroleum flame or by a coal fire, the hollow space mentioned above is connected with an upper-surface coudenserfi, by means of a tube, I1. Cooling water is continually flowing through the condenser, and therefore whenever vapors are formed by ovcr-great heat they are led into the condenser, are condensed in it, and are then conducted back in the shape of water to theheated hollow space through tube L. In using thisfluid bath the object in view is to obtain such a boiling temperature as is necessary for the evaporation of thesul 'ihuric acid and to keep up this temperature continually.

The pumps 1? and P serve to form the vacuum in the absorber and the icegenerator. The suction-pipe N of the large air-rarefying pump P is in connection with the support N of the absorber. The pump P sucks up the air out of the absorber and forwards it to the second small pump, P, which compresses the air to the atmospheric tension and ejects it. By means of this simple combinationa high. vacuum is obtained in a very simple manner. The

'two pumps are driven from the shaft B, which rotates in two bushes on the pillar-frame S, and has at one end a crank, U, for driving the large pump P, at the other end an eccentric, U for driving the smaller pump, 1*, and has behind the eccentric a flywheel, U, with a winch-handle, U, for working the whole ma chine.

The way in which this hand ice-making machine is worked is as follows: When the necessary vacuum has been formed in the hermetically-closed space E, the water that has to be congealed is sucked up out of a watervessel, Z, placed ready for use, and flows through pipe q and the cock q,which is provided with a scale and indicator, and is set exactly for showing the quantity of the inflowing water. As soon as the water enters the almost airless space, the congealing process begins immediately, for the water commences to boil most actively, and as a small portion of it evaportes so much warmth is extracted from the remaining part that it freezes and becomes ice. hen the necessary quantity of ice has been made, which can be easily observed through the glass vessel E from outside, valve V (connecting the space E with the absorber A) is shut off, air is admitted through cock q, and by lowering the under lid, II, the block of ice can be removed from the glass cylinder E. If water or any other fluid has to be cooled, so much water (or other fluid) is allowed to run through cock q into the airless hollow space of the cylinder E that'an active evaporation of the water or fluid takes place, but not so much as to allow the temperature to sink below the temperature that is wanted. In this manner water can be cooled down to the freezing-point, and fluids hard to freeze can be brought to a ten'iperature some degrees below that point even. Air is admitted into the glass cylinder and the cooled water runs out through cock 0.

Having thus described our invention, and also the manner how and the means with which itis to be performed, what we claim, and desire to get secured by Letters Patent 01' the United States, is

1. In a machine for making ice and for cooling fluids, the combination of a vertically or horizontally placed absorber, A, with the two chamber vacuum-pinup I I, firmly connected with the absorber, the ice-generator E,with its glass vessel E," and with a concentrator, .l, for the evaporation of the diluted sulphuric acid, substantially as described, and for the purpose as set forth.

2. In an ice-making machine, the ice-generator E, consisting of the table or under lid, H, adj ustablc by means of a screw, M, and of the hollow glass cylinder E, in combination with valve V, waste-pipe S, and absorber A, substantially as specified.

3. In an ice-making machine, the combination of absorber A with the stirring ap paratus consisting of shaft .lt, undulatory perforated stirring-plates Y, and intermediate wings or scoops, X, set in an inclined position to the common axle, and means for opcrating said axle, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4.. In an ice-making machine, the longitudinally-undulatory absorbingcylinder A, in combination with stirring apparatus Y X, shaft R, gearing Z Z", shaft T, gear-wheels Z Z, and. shaft B, substantially as described.

In an ice-making machine, the combination of the pan G, for evaporating the received diluted sulphuric acid with the outer vessel, Q, containing a fluid bath the boil ing-point of which is higher than that of ternal vessel, Q, with the tubes L L and the sulphuric acid to be concentrated and surface-condenser J, substantiallyas specified.

lower than the melting-point of the pan 0', In testimony whereof we have signed our substantially as and for the purpose specified. names to this specification in the presence of 5 6. In an ice-making machine, the arrangetwo subscribing witnesses.

ment for maintaining a constant temperature HUGO PISGHON.

of the fluid in the concentrator and for con- RICHARD PFENNIG. (lensing and reconducting all vapors that may Vitnesses:

develop by the fluid bat-h. MARo M. ROTTEN,

IO 7. The combination of the pan 0 and ex- B. ROI.

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