US3500409A - Means for packaging and dispensing chaff - Google Patents

Means for packaging and dispensing chaff Download PDF

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Publication number
US3500409A
US3500409A US264466A US3500409DA US3500409A US 3500409 A US3500409 A US 3500409A US 264466 A US264466 A US 264466A US 3500409D A US3500409D A US 3500409DA US 3500409 A US3500409 A US 3500409A
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chaff
lid
dispensing
rope
container
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US264466A
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Burns A Cash
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US Air Force
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US Air Force
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/145—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising a plurality of reflecting particles, e.g. radar chaff
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material

Definitions

  • a container has a weighted end and an open end.
  • a cap with a greater periphery than the container is slideably fitted over the open end. Attached to the cap is line which is interfolded with chaff contained within the container. The air drag on the falling container and cap pulls the cap free of the container, extending the rope from the container thus dispersing the enclosed chaff.
  • This invention relates to the packaging and dispensing of a plurality of discrete fibers of various lengths in the earths atmosphere to reduce the effectiveness of attempts made by an enemy to detect and track aircraft and missiles and to predict the course thereof by radar.
  • the fibers to be dispensed may consist of vitreous material such as glass or vitreous silica, coated with a conductive metal such as aluminum, magnesium, silver or copper; or alloys containing these metals.
  • the fibers may be of any convenient diameter; however, it has been found that fibers of 20 to 40 microns are very satisfactory.
  • the metal coating may be made of any convenient thickness; however, it has been found that a metal thickness of 2 to 100 microns is very satisfactory.
  • Each individual fiber when floating in the atmosphere, acts as a dipole. Electromagnetic radiation of a frequency which is resonant with the dipole is reinforced by resonance in the dipole, and radiation is in effect rebroadcast by the coated fiber acting as a dipole. In effect, each dipole acts as a reflector.
  • Fibrous matter having a length of say A inch to about 1 /2 inches will be hereinafter referred to as chaff.
  • Fibrous matter longer than chaff which may be up to 500 feet in length, but preferably from about 3 inches to 100 feet in length, will be hereinafter referred to as rope.
  • Such rope may be round, or it may be in the form of fiat tapes.
  • Such rope is not intended to be resonant with radar frequencies. It is, however, intended to respond to other frequencies, or to emit radiation in response to frequencies to which it is not resonant.
  • This invention provides means for carrying such rope and chaff in an aircraft or missile, and dispensing it in the atmosphere from the carrying vehicle at the appropriate time.
  • the primary object of this invention is to provide an improved means for carrying on an airplane or missile, material to be dispensed as chaff or rope.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a means for dispensing the material from its container.
  • a further object of this invention is to package the rope and chaff within a container in such manner that the entire packaged material will not be released instantaneously into the atmosphere.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide a container openable by drag through the air.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical cross section through the container and showing the method of packaging the rope and chaff therein.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan section along line 22 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical section similar to FIG. 1 and showing the lid removed from the can and acting as a drag chute to withdraw the rope and chaff from the can.
  • the container referred to generally as container 10 has an open end can 12 and a removable lid 14.
  • the can as shown on FIG. 2, may be made square, or it may be made round or any other convenient form without departing from the invention.
  • the lid on its underside, is provided with spring clips 16 joined to the lid for removably holding the lid in place over the open end of the can as shown on FIG. 1.
  • Lid 14 is of an area greater than the cross-sectional area of the can so as to laterally extend beyond the sides of the can.
  • the lid is provided with a rim 18 about the perimeter to provide a drag lip for a purpose to be hereinafter described.
  • the bottom of the can 10 has an inwardly formed cavity 20 in which weight 22 is installed to provide a bottom weighted can.
  • Rope 24 which may be in the form of filaments of the same material as the chaff, or which may be made in tape form as dictated by the particular application, is shown for clarity on the drawings in tape form.
  • Rope 24 has one end 26 joined to the can and the other end 28 joined to the inner or under side of lid 14.
  • the can is packed with the rope convolutely folded or accordion pleated as shown, and containing chaff 30 interspersed between the folds or pleats.
  • the chaff may be placed into the can in any convenient form, without departing from the invention. For example: it may be more or less horizontally placed, as shown on pleats A of FIG. 1, or more or less vertically placed as shown on pleats B, or it may be jumbled as shown on pleats C.
  • any number of containers as described and filled with rope and chaff may be carried aloft and released at, the appropriate time.
  • the weighted end of thecans will go to the bottom.
  • drag on the underside of lid 14 and the drag lip formed by rim 18 will cause the lid to become detached from the can and act as a drag chute on the can, which continues to fall.
  • the drag chute action of the lid pulls on the rope, causing it to be pulled from the can to thereby disperse the chaff, pleat by pleat.
  • the rope may be made of material without electrical properties, as for example, cotton tape.
  • Means for packaging and dispensing chaff into the earths atmosphere from an aircraft or other space .vehicle comprising: a container having an open end can and a lid having an area greater than the cross'sectional area of said can to laterally extend beyond the sides of said can, said lid being slidably joined at the underneath side to the open end of said can and having a rim about the perimeter to provide a drag lip, said lid being removable from said can during free fall in the atmosphere due to air acting on the drag lip and the dispensing means convolutely folded within said open end can and having one end joined to said can and the opposite end joined to the underside of said lid, and chaff contained within said can and interspersed in the folds of said dispensing means to be dispersed into the atmosphere as the said lid acting as a drag chute Withdraws the folded dispensing means from within said can.
  • Means for packaging and dispensing chaff into the earths atmosphere from an aircraft or other space vehicle comprising: a container having a can with an Open end and a Weighted bottom on the opposite end, and a lid having an area greater than the cross-sectional area of said can to laterally extend beyond the sides of said can, said lid being slidably joined at the underneath side to the open end of said can and having a rim about the perimeter to provide a drag lip, said lid being removable from said can during free fall in the atmosphere due to air acting on the drag lip and the underside of said lid, flexible elongated dispensing means convolutely folded within said open end can and having one end joined to said can and the opposite end joined to the underside of said lid, and chaff contained within said can and interspersed in the folds of said dispensing means to be dispersed into the atmosphere as the said lid acting as a drag chute withdraws the folded dispensing means from within said can.
  • Means for packaging and dispensing chaff into the earths atmosphere from an aircraft or other space vehicle comprising: a container having a can of rectangular cross section with an open end and a Weighted bottom on the opposite end, and a lid having an area greater than the cross-sectional area of said can to laterally extend beyond the sides of said can and further having a plurality of springs clips on the underneath side engaging the open end of said can be releasably holding said lid to said cam and having a rim about the perimeter to provide a drag lip, said lid being removable from said can during free fall in the atmosphere due to air acting on the drag lip and the underside of said lid, a flexible elongated dispensing tape within said can, said tape being convolutely folded into folds parallel to the open end of said can and having one end joined to the inside of said can with the opposite end joined to the underside of said lid, and chaff comprising a plurality of discrete fibers contained within said can and interspersed in the folds of said dispensing tape to be

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Description

March m, 170 B. A. CASH MEANS FOR PACKAGING AND DISPENSING CHAFF Filed Feb. 5, 1963 ECEMFLELLQUCPQ FIEIZ INVENTOR. BUR/V6 ,4. 6 SH 16 /4 ,ea 16 \w H ii &,
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Armq/v r:
3,500,409 MEANS FOR PACKAGING AND DISPENSING CHAFF Burns A. Cash, Madison, Wis., assignor to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force Filed Feb. 5, 1963, Ser. No. 264,466 Int. Cl. C06d 1/04; F42b 25/02; H01q 15/00 US. Cl. 34318 3 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A container has a weighted end and an open end. A cap with a greater periphery than the container is slideably fitted over the open end. Attached to the cap is line which is interfolded with chaff contained within the container. The air drag on the falling container and cap pulls the cap free of the container, extending the rope from the container thus dispersing the enclosed chaff.
This invention relates to the packaging and dispensing of a plurality of discrete fibers of various lengths in the earths atmosphere to reduce the effectiveness of attempts made by an enemy to detect and track aircraft and missiles and to predict the course thereof by radar.
The fibers to be dispensed may consist of vitreous material such as glass or vitreous silica, coated with a conductive metal such as aluminum, magnesium, silver or copper; or alloys containing these metals. The fibers may be of any convenient diameter; however, it has been found that fibers of 20 to 40 microns are very satisfactory. Likewise, the metal coating may be made of any convenient thickness; however, it has been found that a metal thickness of 2 to 100 microns is very satisfactory.
Each individual fiber, when floating in the atmosphere, acts as a dipole. Electromagnetic radiation of a frequency which is resonant with the dipole is reinforced by resonance in the dipole, and radiation is in effect rebroadcast by the coated fiber acting as a dipole. In effect, each dipole acts as a reflector. The radiation eminating from a plurality of dipoles, which are resonant with the frequency emitted from an enemys radar apparatus, appears on the oscilloscopes of the enemy as a bright cloud or bright object having various characteristics depending on the manner in which the dipole material is dispensed.
Fibrous matter having a length of say A inch to about 1 /2 inches will be hereinafter referred to as chaff. Fibrous matter longer than chaff, which may be up to 500 feet in length, but preferably from about 3 inches to 100 feet in length, will be hereinafter referred to as rope. Such rope may be round, or it may be in the form of fiat tapes. Such rope is not intended to be resonant with radar frequencies. It is, however, intended to respond to other frequencies, or to emit radiation in response to frequencies to which it is not resonant.
It is generally preferred to dispense a certain amount of rope and a certain amount of chaff, more or less simultaneously. This invention provides means for carrying such rope and chaff in an aircraft or missile, and dispensing it in the atmosphere from the carrying vehicle at the appropriate time.
The primary object of this invention is to provide an improved means for carrying on an airplane or missile, material to be dispensed as chaff or rope.
Another object of this invention is to provide a means for dispensing the material from its container.
A further object of this invention is to package the rope and chaff within a container in such manner that the entire packaged material will not be released instantaneously into the atmosphere.
3,500,409 Patented Mar. 10, 1970 Yet another object of this invention is to provide a container openable by drag through the air.
Additional objects, advantages and features of the invention reside in the construction, arrangement and combination of parts involved in the embodiment of the invention as will appear from the following description and accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a vertical cross section through the container and showing the method of packaging the rope and chaff therein.
FIG. 2 is a plan section along line 22 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a vertical section similar to FIG. 1 and showing the lid removed from the can and acting as a drag chute to withdraw the rope and chaff from the can.
Referring to the drawing, the container referred to generally as container 10 has an open end can 12 and a removable lid 14. The can, as shown on FIG. 2, may be made square, or it may be made round or any other convenient form without departing from the invention. The lid, on its underside, is provided with spring clips 16 joined to the lid for removably holding the lid in place over the open end of the can as shown on FIG. 1.
Lid 14 is of an area greater than the cross-sectional area of the can so as to laterally extend beyond the sides of the can. The lid is provided with a rim 18 about the perimeter to provide a drag lip for a purpose to be hereinafter described.
The bottom of the can 10 has an inwardly formed cavity 20 in which weight 22 is installed to provide a bottom weighted can.
Within the can, the rope and chaff is accordion packed as shown on FIG. 1. Rope 24, which may be in the form of filaments of the same material as the chaff, or which may be made in tape form as dictated by the particular application, is shown for clarity on the drawings in tape form. Rope 24, has one end 26 joined to the can and the other end 28 joined to the inner or under side of lid 14. The can is packed with the rope convolutely folded or accordion pleated as shown, and containing chaff 30 interspersed between the folds or pleats. The chaff may be placed into the can in any convenient form, without departing from the invention. For example: it may be more or less horizontally placed, as shown on pleats A of FIG. 1, or more or less vertically placed as shown on pleats B, or it may be jumbled as shown on pleats C.
Any number of containers as described and filled with rope and chaff may be carried aloft and released at, the appropriate time. As the containers are discarded from the carrier vehicle, the weighted end of thecans will go to the bottom. When sufiicient velocity has been attained, drag on the underside of lid 14 and the drag lip formed by rim 18 will cause the lid to become detached from the can and act as a drag chute on the can, which continues to fall. As shown on FIG. 3, the drag chute action of the lid pulls on the rope, causing it to be pulled from the can to thereby disperse the chaff, pleat by pleat.
It is noted that, as above described, the rope was built to have electrical characteristics for purposes as described.
However, should it be desired to dispense chaff only, the rope may be made of material without electrical properties, as for example, cotton tape.
It is to be understood that the embodiment of the present invention as shown and described is to be regarded as illustrative only and that the invention is susceptible to variations, modifications and changes within the scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
1. Means for packaging and dispensing chaff into the earths atmosphere from an aircraft or other space .vehicle and comprising: a container having an open end can and a lid having an area greater than the cross'sectional area of said can to laterally extend beyond the sides of said can, said lid being slidably joined at the underneath side to the open end of said can and having a rim about the perimeter to provide a drag lip, said lid being removable from said can during free fall in the atmosphere due to air acting on the drag lip and the dispensing means convolutely folded within said open end can and having one end joined to said can and the opposite end joined to the underside of said lid, and chaff contained within said can and interspersed in the folds of said dispensing means to be dispersed into the atmosphere as the said lid acting as a drag chute Withdraws the folded dispensing means from within said can.
2. Means for packaging and dispensing chaff into the earths atmosphere from an aircraft or other space vehicle and comprising: a container having a can with an Open end and a Weighted bottom on the opposite end, and a lid having an area greater than the cross-sectional area of said can to laterally extend beyond the sides of said can, said lid being slidably joined at the underneath side to the open end of said can and having a rim about the perimeter to provide a drag lip, said lid being removable from said can during free fall in the atmosphere due to air acting on the drag lip and the underside of said lid, flexible elongated dispensing means convolutely folded within said open end can and having one end joined to said can and the opposite end joined to the underside of said lid, and chaff contained within said can and interspersed in the folds of said dispensing means to be dispersed into the atmosphere as the said lid acting as a drag chute withdraws the folded dispensing means from within said can.
3. Means for packaging and dispensing chaff into the earths atmosphere from an aircraft or other space vehicle and comprising: a container having a can of rectangular cross section with an open end and a Weighted bottom on the opposite end, and a lid having an area greater than the cross-sectional area of said can to laterally extend beyond the sides of said can and further having a plurality of springs clips on the underneath side engaging the open end of said can be releasably holding said lid to said cam and having a rim about the perimeter to provide a drag lip, said lid being removable from said can during free fall in the atmosphere due to air acting on the drag lip and the underside of said lid, a flexible elongated dispensing tape within said can, said tape being convolutely folded into folds parallel to the open end of said can and having one end joined to the inside of said can with the opposite end joined to the underside of said lid, and chaff comprising a plurality of discrete fibers contained within said can and interspersed in the folds of said dispensing tape to be dispersed into the atmosphere as the said'lid acting as a drag chute Withdraws the folded dispensing tape from within said can.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,368,587 1/1945 Wise 102-63 FOREIGN PATENTS 834,587 5/1960 Great Britain.
RODNEY D. BENNETT, 1a., Primary Examiner B. L. RIBANDO, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 102-4, 37.1
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3626415A (en) * 1970-04-28 1971-12-07 Us Navy Radar chaff ejector
US3706997A (en) * 1969-03-07 1972-12-19 Bender Ltd F Dispensing apparatus
US3754256A (en) * 1968-08-09 1973-08-21 Stackpole Carbon Co Jamming electronic wave-form information devices
US3965472A (en) * 1972-11-07 1976-06-22 James Nickolas Constant Off-resonant chaff system for a large target viewed by low frequency radar
FR2377733A1 (en) * 1977-01-18 1978-08-11 Plessey Handel Investment Ag PROCESS FOR REALIZING METAL RADAR JAMMING ELEMENTS
EP0012482A1 (en) * 1978-12-14 1980-06-25 Philips Norden AB A device for ejecting radar chaff
US4371874A (en) * 1973-10-05 1983-02-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Chaff dipole elements and method of packaging
US4466332A (en) * 1982-07-01 1984-08-21 Honeywell Inc. Dispersing mine dispenser
US4630055A (en) * 1982-06-16 1986-12-16 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Dipole arrangement in a sheath
US6481327B1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2002-11-19 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reuseable training dispenser

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2368587A (en) * 1942-09-17 1945-01-30 Wise Edward Brooks Antiaircraft shell
GB834587A (en) * 1955-12-07 1960-05-11 Ludwig Bolkow Improvements in rotary wing aircraft

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2368587A (en) * 1942-09-17 1945-01-30 Wise Edward Brooks Antiaircraft shell
GB834587A (en) * 1955-12-07 1960-05-11 Ludwig Bolkow Improvements in rotary wing aircraft

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3754256A (en) * 1968-08-09 1973-08-21 Stackpole Carbon Co Jamming electronic wave-form information devices
US3706997A (en) * 1969-03-07 1972-12-19 Bender Ltd F Dispensing apparatus
US3626415A (en) * 1970-04-28 1971-12-07 Us Navy Radar chaff ejector
US3965472A (en) * 1972-11-07 1976-06-22 James Nickolas Constant Off-resonant chaff system for a large target viewed by low frequency radar
US4371874A (en) * 1973-10-05 1983-02-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Chaff dipole elements and method of packaging
FR2377733A1 (en) * 1977-01-18 1978-08-11 Plessey Handel Investment Ag PROCESS FOR REALIZING METAL RADAR JAMMING ELEMENTS
EP0012482A1 (en) * 1978-12-14 1980-06-25 Philips Norden AB A device for ejecting radar chaff
US4630055A (en) * 1982-06-16 1986-12-16 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Dipole arrangement in a sheath
US4466332A (en) * 1982-07-01 1984-08-21 Honeywell Inc. Dispersing mine dispenser
US6481327B1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2002-11-19 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reuseable training dispenser

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