US3491542A - Cryogenic cooling systems - Google Patents

Cryogenic cooling systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US3491542A
US3491542A US695013A US3491542DA US3491542A US 3491542 A US3491542 A US 3491542A US 695013 A US695013 A US 695013A US 3491542D A US3491542D A US 3491542DA US 3491542 A US3491542 A US 3491542A
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Prior art keywords
conduit
gas
container
valve
liquid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US695013A
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English (en)
Inventor
Terence Higgs
Eric Arthur Snell
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BOC Group Ltd
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British Oxigen Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F17C3/085—Cryostats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0382—Constructional details of valves, regulators
    • F17C2205/0385—Constructional details of valves, regulators in blocks or units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0358—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
    • F17C2227/036—"Joule-Thompson" effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/032—Avoiding freezing or defrosting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cooling systems employing a cryogenic uid as coolant, and in particular to such systems in which the cryogenic fluid is supplied to a region to be-cooled as a two-phase mixture of liquid and gas.
  • the required flow rate of coolant is less than that which is readily obtainable from a continuous stream of cryogenic liquid. It has been proposed to'employ a twophase mixture of liquid and gas as coolant to achieve the required low iiow rate.
  • the two-phase mixture is produced by passing cryogenic liquid from a source to a region to be cooled along a transfer conduit which is exposed to the surrounding atmosphere to permit heat to flow into the conduit so as to vaporise part of the cryogenic mixture and produce a -gas stream in which globules of cryogenic liquid are suspended.
  • the present invention provides a cooling system employing a cryogenic fluid which, in its broadest aspect, is as defined in the appended claims.
  • the cooling system shown comprises a container 1 of liquid nitrogen, a transfer conduit 3 having a spaced outer jacket 5, and a valve 7 ICC (shown on an enlarged scale) through which the container 1 may be lilled and by Iwhich the container may be pressurised to force liquid nitrogen v9 along the transfer conduit 3 to an infra-red detector shown diagrammatically at 11.
  • the valve 7 comprises a lower compartment 13, a middle compartment 15 and an upper compartment 16 which are axially aligned.
  • the lower compartment 13 has an axial inlet port 17 to which a nitrogen supply line (not shown) may be coupled, and a radial outlet port 19 connected by a delivery conduit 21 to the lower part of the container 1.
  • the middle compartment 15 has a radial outlet port 27, and it is able to be placed in communication with compartment 16 by movement of a valve member 42 cooperating with a valve seat 41.
  • Compartment 16 has an inlet port 23 connected by a conduit 25 to the gas-lled space 26 above the liquid nitrogen 9 in container 1.
  • valve seat 29 having a central aperture 30 through which extends an actuating member 31 having an enlarged diameter part 33 projecting into the inlet port 17.
  • a valve element 35 surrounds and is an easy fit on, the actuating member 31 and is biassed towards the valve seat 29 by a resilient bellows unit 37 attached at one end to the stem of actuating member 31.
  • the actuating member extends into the middle compartment 15 through a central aperture 38 in the wall 39 separating the two compartments, and is a sliding fit within the aperture 38.
  • the valve seat 41 separates the inlet 23 from the outlet port 27.
  • a valve element 42 which is movable with member 31, which is biassed downwardly as viewed in the drawing by a spring 43. That part of member 31 which extends into the compartment 15 is coupled to the wall 39 by a second bellows unit 45 to provide a gas-tight seal between compartments 13 and 15.
  • a recess 46 formed in the upper wall of the compartment 16 communicates with a pressure-relief valve 47 and a pressure gauge 48 and is isolated from the compartment 16 by the valve element 42 which seats against the upper wall of the compartment when the actuating member 31 is moved to its fully-raised position.
  • the valve 7 is connected to the container 1 by the conduits 21 and 25.
  • the container 1 is shown partially filled with liquid nitrogen 9, and has an outer vacuum-insulated vessel 51.
  • the transfer conduit 3 extends from the base of the container 1 out through the container and outer vessel 51 to the infrared detector 11. Between the outer vessel 51 and the detector 11, the transfer conduit 3 is surrounded by a jacket 5, the jacket adjacent the outer vessel 51 having an enlarged end portion 6 which accommodates the curved portion of the conduit 3.
  • the jacket 5 is connected to the neck of the detector 11 and provides a return path for gas from the detector 11, the gas owing through the jacket 5, a tube 53 connected to the jacket, and to the atmosphere through a control valve 55.
  • the internal diameter of the transfer conduit 3 is preferably between inch and 5/6 inch. If the internal diameter is less than about 1/16 inch it has been found that the liquid nitrogen is completely vaporised in passing along the conduit, while if the internal diameter is greater than E/16 inch the globules tend to deposit from the stream and interrupt the two-phase ow.
  • the generally-horizontal part of the transfer conduit 3 extending between the end portion 6 of the jacket 5 and the detector 11 was formed from polyvinylchloride tubing, while the remainder of the conduit was formed from stainless steel tubing.
  • a suitable length for the transfer conduit was 6-12 feet. Other suitable materials may be used for form- 3 ing the transfer conduit 3, but to achieve two-phase flow a smooth borefis required. ,Y
  • a coupling (not shown) from a reservoir of liquid nitrogen is connected tothe inlet port 17.
  • thegcoupling contacts the actuating member 31 and moves it against thebias of spring 43Y so that when the coupling is fullyengaged, the actuating member 31 is ina fully-raised position with yalve elements 3? and 42Y lifted from valve seats 29 and 41 respectively, and with valve element i2 in contact with the upper wall of compartment 16 to islate the remaindereof this compartment from recess 46.
  • Liquid nitrogen is then fed through the iniet port 17, outlet port 19, and delivery conduit 21 to the container n1, displaced gas being vented to atmosphere fromihe VAtop of container 1 through the conduit 25, Yinlet port 23 and outlet port 27.
  • the coupling isdisconnected from the inlet port 17, during which operation the actuating member is returned to the position shown in the drawing by the action of spring 43, therebyisolatingrthe conduit 21 from the inletport 17; isolating conduit 25 from the outlet port 27, and connecting: conduitl25 to the vent valve 47 and VJpressure gauge 48.
  • the vent valve 47 is arranged to open at a :pressure with the range of l3 p.s.i.g.,.which isrthe pressure required for forcing nitrogen as a two-phase mixture along the conduit 3. This pressure will be quickly reached after filling the container 1 and the cooling operation is begun bygopening the flow control valve 55 by the required amount. ,Y i n When the cooling system Vis operating liquid nitrogen is passed into the transfer conduit under the pressure applied to the surface of the liquid nitrogen 9 Yin the container 1. in the portion of the conduit 3 surrounded by the jacket 5 part of the liquid is vaporised byheat passing Ythroughgthe conduit wall from the surrounding-atmosphere to produce a two-phase mixture of liguid and gas.
  • the two-phase mixture is delivered Yto the infra-red detector 11 which is thereby cooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures.
  • detector 11 virtually the whole of the liquid phase is converted to the gas phase, and the gas phase from the detector 11 is fed through the jacket 5 to atmosphere via the flow control Avalve 55.
  • the flow rate of the two-phase coolant is adjusted by the valve 55, a suitable rate being 750 cc./min. nitrogen gas to cool an infra-red detector of 0-.5 watt load to the temperature of liquid nitrogen.
  • cryogenic liquids other than liquid nitrogen may be employed asY the source of coolant, for example liquid oxygen, liquid argon and liquid hydrogen.
  • a cooling system employing a :cryogenic tluid, including a thermalhJ-inSuIatel container for liquid cryogenic fluid; a transfer cond-uit having one end dipping below the minimum level of liquid in the container and having itsi other end connected to a heat-dissipating load, the conduit being so .constructed asto transmit sufficient heat through its walls to vaporise some of the liquid ow- :ing along it to form a two-phase mixture of liquidrand gas; means for causing the liquid fiow fromrthe container through the transfer conduit towards the load, and a jacket enclosing at least that part of the transfer conduit which is adjacent to thel container, the jacket being connectedat one end to the load to receive the gas phase of the cryogenic fluid so that that said partfof the transfer conduit is shrouded from the atmosphere by a stream of drygas.
  • the method of transferring .cryogenic liquid through aY conduit connecting a supply souree of theliquid with apparatus in which the liquid is vaporised by heat for the performance of work which comprises: causing the liquid to ow from the supply source into the apparatus; discharging the gas generated in the apparatus by passing it to atmosphere as a confined stream shielding and surrounding the liquid transfer conduit in heat exchange relation therewith; vaporising a portion of the liquid in the transfer conduit by heat derived solely from the surrounding exhaust gas stream; and selectively regulating the flow rate of discharge of the shielding gas tothe atmosphere whereby to correspondingly regulate the extent of liquid vaporisation in the transfer conduit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US695013A 1967-01-05 1968-01-02 Cryogenic cooling systems Expired - Lifetime US3491542A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB727/67A GB1208751A (en) 1967-01-05 1967-01-05 Cryogenic cooling system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3491542A true US3491542A (en) 1970-01-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US695013A Expired - Lifetime US3491542A (en) 1967-01-05 1968-01-02 Cryogenic cooling systems

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3491542A (xx)
DE (1) DE1601100A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1550701A (xx)
GB (1) GB1208751A (xx)
NL (1) NL6800159A (xx)
SE (1) SE330546B (xx)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4718239A (en) * 1987-03-05 1988-01-12 Union Carbide Corporation Cryogenic storage vessel

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19546617A1 (de) * 1995-12-14 1997-06-19 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Einrichtung zum Versorgen eines Verbrauchers mit Kryokraftstoff aus einem Kryotank
WO2014031999A2 (en) * 2012-08-24 2014-02-27 Oscomp Systems Inc. Virtual gaseous fuel pipeline

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2913609A (en) * 1957-10-29 1959-11-17 Itt Electron discharge device
US2964919A (en) * 1958-07-07 1960-12-20 British Oxygen Co Ltd Converter system for liquefied gases
US3006157A (en) * 1960-05-04 1961-10-31 Union Carbide Corp Cryogenic apparatus
US3055191A (en) * 1960-12-01 1962-09-25 Specialties Dev Corp Cooling device
US3302419A (en) * 1964-05-14 1967-02-07 Max Planck Gesellschaft Vacuum jacket siphon for cryogenic fluids

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2913609A (en) * 1957-10-29 1959-11-17 Itt Electron discharge device
US2964919A (en) * 1958-07-07 1960-12-20 British Oxygen Co Ltd Converter system for liquefied gases
US3006157A (en) * 1960-05-04 1961-10-31 Union Carbide Corp Cryogenic apparatus
US3055191A (en) * 1960-12-01 1962-09-25 Specialties Dev Corp Cooling device
US3302419A (en) * 1964-05-14 1967-02-07 Max Planck Gesellschaft Vacuum jacket siphon for cryogenic fluids

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4718239A (en) * 1987-03-05 1988-01-12 Union Carbide Corporation Cryogenic storage vessel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1208751A (en) 1970-10-14
DE1601100A1 (de) 1970-06-18
SE330546B (xx) 1970-11-23
FR1550701A (xx) 1968-12-20
NL6800159A (xx) 1968-07-08

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