US3491378A - Artificial arm having bioelectrically controlled finger movement and hand rotation responsive to shoulder muscle impulses - Google Patents

Artificial arm having bioelectrically controlled finger movement and hand rotation responsive to shoulder muscle impulses Download PDF

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US3491378A
US3491378A US619424A US3491378DA US3491378A US 3491378 A US3491378 A US 3491378A US 619424 A US619424 A US 619424A US 3491378D A US3491378D A US 3491378DA US 3491378 A US3491378 A US 3491378A
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hand
shoulder
artificial
arm
fingers
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US619424A
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David Moiseevich Ioffe
Vitaly Moiseevich Bernshtein
Sergei Vasilievich Bolkhovitin
Lidia Mikhailov Voskoboinikova
Mikhail Dmitrievich Ezhov
Efim Pinkhasovich Polyan
Antonina Mikhailovna Semenova
Nina Grigorievna Semenova
Ekaterina Alexeevna Shirokova
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LIDIA MIKHAILOVNA VOSKOBOINIKO
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LIDIA MIKHAILOVNA VOSKOBOINIKO
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/68—Operating or control means
    • A61F2/70—Operating or control means electrical
    • A61F2/72—Bioelectric control, e.g. myoelectric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to prosthetic devices and more particularly to active artificial arms having a combined control, both bioelectric and rod.
  • Artificial arms having a shoulder socket placed on the shoulder stump comprise an elbow joint operated by means of rods and connected to the shoulder socket; a forearm socket pivotally attached to the elbow joint and provided with means for rotating the forearm (supination-pronation of the artificial hand); and an artificial hand complete with movable fingers united with the forearm socket.
  • the main movements such as bending and straightening of the arm at the elbow joint and opening and closing of the fingers of the artificial hand are carried out in said prostheses by the aid of rods.
  • Movement by means of said active artificial arms requires great elfort by the wearer of the arm. These efforts are particularly great when opening and closing the fingers of the artificial hand. The possibility of making these movements is restricted as they can be performed only in a number of certain positions of the stump (prosthesis). The process of transmitting these efforts from the shoulder and other parts of the body by the aid of rods is very uncomfortable and requires complex and often unsightly movements.
  • An object of the present invention is to eliminate the foregoing disadvantages.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide an active artificial arm having a combined control, both bioelectric and rod, which insures a high functional and physiological controllability and does not require great efforts on the part of the wearer for performing movements, in which the most difficult process viz the manipulation of the artificial hand fingers would be effected by biological currents of muscles of the shoulder stump in any position thereof, in which the movements of the fingers may be proportioned i.e. a person could effect different degrees of opening and closing of the artificial hand fingers, which would insure the bioelectric control over not only movements of the artificial hand fingers but also over the rotation (pronation-supination) of the hand.
  • the proposed active artificial arm is provided with an electronic unit controlled by biological currents from the shoulder stump muscles and with a servo-gear electrically connected therewith and supplied with power from an external power source.
  • the electronic unit includes switches, a current collector taking off the biological currents from the shoulder stump muscles, an amplifier of biological potentials, a converter, and a power amplifier connected to the servogear.
  • the proposed prosthesis is provided with an additional reversing servogear of rotation for controlling the second pair of movements (pronation-supination of the hand) which is connected to the electronic unit and to the external power source.
  • FIG. 1 is a general view of the active artificial arm according to the present invention, which has a combined control, both bioelectric and rod;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic View illustrating an active artificial arm having a combined, control both bioelectric and rod, in which only one pair of motions (opening and closing of the fingers of the artificial hand) is controlled by the aid of biological currents;
  • FIG. 3 shows a block-diagram of the bioelectric control over one pair of motions
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view illustrating an active artificial arm having a combined, control both bioelectric and rod, in which two pairs of of motions (opening and closing of the fingers of the artificial hand and the pronation-supination of the hand) are controlled by the aid of biological currents;
  • FIG. 5 shows a block-diagram of a system of the bioelectric control over two pairs of motions.
  • an active artificial arm having a combined control, both bioelectric and rod consists of: a shoulder socket .1, a current collecting device 2 for taking off the biological current from the shoulder stump muscles; an elbow joint 3; a forearm socket 4; an electronic controlling unit 5; an artificial hand 6; reversing servo-gears 7 and 8; an external source of power supply 9; and rods 10 and 11.
  • the shoulder socket 1 is made of plastic and is designed to accommodate the shoulder stump therein.
  • the elbow joint 3 (FIGS. 2 and 4) which enables the wearer to effect an active bending of the arm at the elbow and a passive rotation of the shoulder.
  • the shoulder socket .1 is provided with the device 25 for taking off the biological currents of muscles controlling the shoulder stump.
  • the forearm socket 4 is pivotally attached to the elbow joint 3.
  • the electronic controlling unit 5 consisting of an amplifier bioelectric potentials 12 (FIG. 3), of a converter 13, and a power amplifier 14.
  • the rods 10 and .11 (FIGS. 2 and 4) by means of which the elbow joint 3 is operated.
  • the forearm socket 4 is connected to the artificial hand 6 through a special ring 15.
  • the hand 6 is provided with the reversing servo-gear 7 consisting of an electric micromotor and a reducing gear (not shown).
  • the movable thumb and the movable block of four fingers of the hand are connected to said reducing gear by means of levers 16.
  • An elastic cosmetic glove covers the hand.
  • the external source of power 9 may be disposed either inside the prosthesis in the forearm socket 1 (if the shoulder stump is short) or outside the prosthesis, for example in the wearers clothes.
  • the electronic controlling unit (FIG. 3) has two independent identical channels, each of which controls one motion such as opening or closing of the fingers of the artificial hand.
  • the bioelectric signal taken off by electrodes of the current collecting device 2 from the stump controlling muscle enters the amplifier 12 of biological potentials wherein its amplitude is amplified. From the amplifier 12 of bioelectric potentials said signal having an amplified amplitude passes into the converter 13 where it is transformed into a form convenient for operating the servo-gear 7, and passes from it into the power amplifier 14.
  • the transformed and amplified power signal controls the power supply from the power source 9 to the servo-gear 7 which actuates the fingers of the artificial hand 6 of the prosthesis.
  • the forearm socket 4 is provided with the second reversing servo-gear 8 (FIGS. 4 and 5) which permits the rotation of the artificial hand 6 to.
  • the system of bioelectric control may be designed so that it will permit the two controllable motions to be performed either simultaneously or successively. If it is necessary to insure the possibility of the simultaneous performance of different motions (opening-closing of the fingers of the hand and the pronation-supination thereof), the biological currents are taken off from four muscles, 'and the electronic controlling unit is designed with four identical channels.
  • the successive performance of motions makes it possible to take off the biological currents from only two muscles and to design the electronic controlling unit with two channels; but in this case provision is made for switching the servo-gears in said electronic controlling unit. This switching is effected physiologically with the simultaneous feeding of the biological signals from the two controlling muscles.
  • the elbow joint is operated (the artificial arm is bent or straightened in the elbow joint) by means of the two rods 10 and 11 (FIGS. 2 and 4).
  • the rod 10 when pulled, accomplishes bending of the arm in the elbow joint, while the rod 11 serves for fixing the elbow and releasing the elbow lock.
  • An active artificial arm including a shoulder socket member for receiving the stump of an amputated arm, an elbow joint member pivotally connected to the shoulder socket member, rod means operably connected to the shoulder member and the elbow joint member for manipulating the elbow joint member, collector means within the shoulder socket member for taking off the biological current from the muscles of the shoulder stump, a forearm socket member pivotally attached to the elbow joint member, a hand having movable fingers, means mounting the hand on the forearm socket member for relative rotation about the longitudinal axis of the forearm socket member, an electronic control unit within the forearm member operably coupled to the collector means, a reversing servo-gear means within the hand electrically connected to the electronic-control unit, means operably coupling the fingers with the servo-gear means for controlling the openings and closing motions of the fingers, means within the forearm socket member for rotating the hand relative to the forearm socket member operably coupled to the electronic control unit for effecting relative rotation between the hand and the forearm socket member, and an external source of energy oper

Description

vJan. 27, 1970 o. M. IOFFE ETAL 3,491,378
. ARTIFICIAL ARM HAVING BIOELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED FINGER MOVEMENT AND HAND ROTATION RESPONSIVE TO SHOULDER MUSCLE 'IMPULSES Filed Feb. 28,. 1967 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jan. 27, 1970 D, M. [or-FE ETAL 3,491,378
ARTIFICIAL ARM HAVING BIOELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED FINGER MOVEMENT AND HAND ROTATION RESPONSIVE TO SHOULDER MUSCLE IMPULSES I Filed Feb. 88, 1967 3 SheetsSheet 2 United States Patent Ofiice 3,491,378 Patented Jan. 27, 1970 CONTROLLED FINGER MOVEMENT AND HAND ROTATION RESPONSIVE TO SHOULDER MUSCLE IMPULSES David Moiseevich Iolfe, Ulitsa Gorkogo 4, kv. 9; Vitaly Moiseevich Bernshtein, Ulitsa Vavilova 36, korpus 4, kv. 48; Sergei Vasilievich Bolkhovitin, Leningradsky prospekt 2, kv. 40; Lidia Mikhailovna Voskoboinikova, Verkhnaya Maslovka 77a, kv. 12; Mikhail Dmitrievich Ezhov, Volokolamskoe shosse 3, kv. 81; Efim Pinkhasovich Polyan, Naberezhnaya Morisa Toreza 26/1, kv. 469; Antonina Mikhailovna Semenova, Gospitalny pereulok 4a, kv. 33; Nina Grigorievna Semenova, 1 ulitsa Stroitelei 6, korp. 6, kv. 67; and Ekaterina Alexeevna Shirokova, Yushunskaya ulitsa 4, kv. 47, all of Moscow, U.S.S.R.
Filed Feb. 28, 1967, Ser. No. 619,424 Int. Cl. A61f 1/00, 1 06 US. Cl. 3-1.1 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An artificial arm in which the hand is provided with fingers capable of opening and closing movement and with the arm being capable of rotation relative to the forearm portion, the signal for the opening or closing of the fingers and/or the rotation of the hand being provided by current collecting devices located within a shoulder member activated by the biological current from the muscles of the shoulder stump. The power for actuating the finger movement is from an external source of power with both the signals and power being amplified and converted in an electronic control unit disposed within the forearm member.
The present invention relates to prosthetic devices and more particularly to active artificial arms having a combined control, both bioelectric and rod.
Artificial arms having a shoulder socket placed on the shoulder stump are known that comprise an elbow joint operated by means of rods and connected to the shoulder socket; a forearm socket pivotally attached to the elbow joint and provided with means for rotating the forearm (supination-pronation of the artificial hand); and an artificial hand complete with movable fingers united with the forearm socket. The main movements such as bending and straightening of the arm at the elbow joint and opening and closing of the fingers of the artificial hand are carried out in said prostheses by the aid of rods.
Movement by means of said active artificial arms requires great elfort by the wearer of the arm. These efforts are particularly great when opening and closing the fingers of the artificial hand. The possibility of making these movements is restricted as they can be performed only in a number of certain positions of the stump (prosthesis). The process of transmitting these efforts from the shoulder and other parts of the body by the aid of rods is very uncomfortable and requires complex and often unsightly movements.
An object of the present invention is to eliminate the foregoing disadvantages.
The principal object of the invention is to provide an active artificial arm having a combined control, both bioelectric and rod, which insures a high functional and physiological controllability and does not require great efforts on the part of the wearer for performing movements, in which the most difficult process viz the manipulation of the artificial hand fingers would be effected by biological currents of muscles of the shoulder stump in any position thereof, in which the movements of the fingers may be proportioned i.e. a person could effect different degrees of opening and closing of the artificial hand fingers, which would insure the bioelectric control over not only movements of the artificial hand fingers but also over the rotation (pronation-supination) of the hand.
To achieve this object, the proposed active artificial arm is provided with an electronic unit controlled by biological currents from the shoulder stump muscles and with a servo-gear electrically connected therewith and supplied with power from an external power source. The electronic unit includes switches, a current collector taking off the biological currents from the shoulder stump muscles, an amplifier of biological potentials, a converter, and a power amplifier connected to the servogear.
According to the present invention, the proposed prosthesis is provided with an additional reversing servogear of rotation for controlling the second pair of movements (pronation-supination of the hand) which is connected to the electronic unit and to the external power source.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description of one embodiment of the active artificial arm, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a general view of the active artificial arm according to the present invention, which has a combined control, both bioelectric and rod;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic View illustrating an active artificial arm having a combined, control both bioelectric and rod, in which only one pair of motions (opening and closing of the fingers of the artificial hand) is controlled by the aid of biological currents;
FIG. 3 shows a block-diagram of the bioelectric control over one pair of motions;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view illustrating an active artificial arm having a combined, control both bioelectric and rod, in which two pairs of of motions (opening and closing of the fingers of the artificial hand and the pronation-supination of the hand) are controlled by the aid of biological currents;
FIG. 5 shows a block-diagram of a system of the bioelectric control over two pairs of motions.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 5, an active artificial arm having a combined control, both bioelectric and rod, consists of: a shoulder socket .1, a current collecting device 2 for taking off the biological current from the shoulder stump muscles; an elbow joint 3; a forearm socket 4; an electronic controlling unit 5; an artificial hand 6; reversing servo- gears 7 and 8; an external source of power supply 9; and rods 10 and 11.
The shoulder socket 1 is made of plastic and is designed to accommodate the shoulder stump therein. In the lower part of the shoulder socket there is the elbow joint 3 (FIGS. 2 and 4) which enables the wearer to effect an active bending of the arm at the elbow and a passive rotation of the shoulder.
The shoulder socket .1 is provided with the device 25 for taking off the biological currents of muscles controlling the shoulder stump.
The forearm socket 4 is pivotally attached to the elbow joint 3. Disposed in said forearm socket 4 in the same casing is the electronic controlling unit 5 consisting of an amplifier bioelectric potentials 12 (FIG. 3), of a converter 13, and a power amplifier 14. Secured in the upper part of the shoulder socket are the rods 10 and .11 (FIGS. 2 and 4) by means of which the elbow joint 3 is operated.
The forearm socket 4 is connected to the artificial hand 6 through a special ring 15. The hand 6 is provided with the reversing servo-gear 7 consisting of an electric micromotor and a reducing gear (not shown). The movable thumb and the movable block of four fingers of the hand are connected to said reducing gear by means of levers 16. An elastic cosmetic glove covers the hand. The external source of power 9 may be disposed either inside the prosthesis in the forearm socket 1 (if the shoulder stump is short) or outside the prosthesis, for example in the wearers clothes.
The electronic controlling unit (FIG. 3) has two independent identical channels, each of which controls one motion such as opening or closing of the fingers of the artificial hand. The bioelectric signal taken off by electrodes of the current collecting device 2 from the stump controlling muscle enters the amplifier 12 of biological potentials wherein its amplitude is amplified. From the amplifier 12 of bioelectric potentials said signal having an amplified amplitude passes into the converter 13 where it is transformed into a form convenient for operating the servo-gear 7, and passes from it into the power amplifier 14. The transformed and amplified power signal controls the power supply from the power source 9 to the servo-gear 7 which actuates the fingers of the artificial hand 6 of the prosthesis.
In cases when the prosthesis must effect the bioelectric control over two pairs of movements, such as over the opening and closing of the artificial hand fingers and over the rotation of the forearm (pronation-supination of the hand) as well, the forearm socket 4 is provided with the second reversing servo-gear 8 (FIGS. 4 and 5) which permits the rotation of the artificial hand 6 to.
be controlled with respect to the forearm socket 4.
The system of bioelectric control may be designed so that it will permit the two controllable motions to be performed either simultaneously or successively. If it is necessary to insure the possibility of the simultaneous performance of different motions (opening-closing of the fingers of the hand and the pronation-supination thereof), the biological currents are taken off from four muscles, 'and the electronic controlling unit is designed with four identical channels. The successive performance of motions makes it possible to take off the biological currents from only two muscles and to design the electronic controlling unit with two channels; but in this case provision is made for switching the servo-gears in said electronic controlling unit. This switching is effected physiologically with the simultaneous feeding of the biological signals from the two controlling muscles.
The elbow joint is operated (the artificial arm is bent or straightened in the elbow joint) by means of the two rods 10 and 11 (FIGS. 2 and 4). The rod 10, when pulled, accomplishes bending of the arm in the elbow joint, while the rod 11 serves for fixing the elbow and releasing the elbow lock.
What is claimed is: I
1. An active artificial arm including a shoulder socket member for receiving the stump of an amputated arm, an elbow joint member pivotally connected to the shoulder socket member, rod means operably connected to the shoulder member and the elbow joint member for manipulating the elbow joint member, collector means within the shoulder socket member for taking off the biological current from the muscles of the shoulder stump, a forearm socket member pivotally attached to the elbow joint member, a hand having movable fingers, means mounting the hand on the forearm socket member for relative rotation about the longitudinal axis of the forearm socket member, an electronic control unit within the forearm member operably coupled to the collector means, a reversing servo-gear means within the hand electrically connected to the electronic-control unit, means operably coupling the fingers with the servo-gear means for controlling the openings and closing motions of the fingers, means within the forearm socket member for rotating the hand relative to the forearm socket member operably coupled to the electronic control unit for effecting relative rotation between the hand and the forearm socket member, and an external source of energy operably connected to the electronic control unit for providing a power supply for such unit.
2. The active artificial arm as claimed in claim 1 in which said means for rotating the hand relative to the forearm includes a second reversing servo-gear means.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,580,987 l/l952 Alderson 31.1 2,637,642 5/1953 Threewit 3-12.2
FOREIGN PATENTS 163,718 1/1965 U.S.S.R. 166,099 5/ 1965 U.S.S.R.
OTHER REFERENCES An Artificial Hand Controlled by the Nerves by A. H. Bottomley et al., New Scientist, vol. 21, No. 382, Mar. 12, 1964, pp. 668671.
RICHARD A. GAUDET, Primary Examiner RONALD L. FRINKS, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 3l2.3, 12.5, 12.7
US619424A 1967-02-28 1967-02-28 Artificial arm having bioelectrically controlled finger movement and hand rotation responsive to shoulder muscle impulses Expired - Lifetime US3491378A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3628538A (en) * 1968-09-18 1971-12-21 Nat Res Dev Apparatus for stimulating muscles controlled by the same muscles
US4030141A (en) * 1976-02-09 1977-06-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Veterans Administration Multi-function control system for an artificial upper-extremity prosthesis for above-elbow amputees
US4521924A (en) * 1983-03-01 1985-06-11 University Of Utah Electrically driven artificial arm
US4685928A (en) * 1985-10-04 1987-08-11 Ivan Yaeger Artificial arm and hand assembly
US5252102A (en) * 1989-01-24 1993-10-12 Electrobionics Corporation Electronic range of motion apparatus, for orthosis, prosthesis, and CPM machine
US5376128A (en) * 1992-08-31 1994-12-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Control system for prosthetic devices
US20120101596A1 (en) * 2009-06-23 2012-04-26 Otto Bock Healthcare Products Gmbh Method for setting up a control and technical orthopedic device
US9514659B2 (en) 2013-01-07 2016-12-06 Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc. Upper arm assembly for crash test dummy
US9916775B2 (en) 2013-03-27 2018-03-13 Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc. Joint assembly for crash test dummy

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU163718A1 (en) * PROTESIS OF PRE-BARRIERS MANAGED BY BIOTOCKS MY [ШЦ
US2580987A (en) * 1948-07-10 1952-01-01 Samuel W Alderson Electrically operated artificial arm for above-the-elbow amputees
US2637042A (en) * 1951-07-27 1953-05-05 Northrop Aircraft Inc Elbow lock and alternator for actuating the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU163718A1 (en) * PROTESIS OF PRE-BARRIERS MANAGED BY BIOTOCKS MY [ШЦ
SU166099A1 (en) * FEEDBACK DEVICE IN BIOELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
US2580987A (en) * 1948-07-10 1952-01-01 Samuel W Alderson Electrically operated artificial arm for above-the-elbow amputees
US2637042A (en) * 1951-07-27 1953-05-05 Northrop Aircraft Inc Elbow lock and alternator for actuating the same

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3628538A (en) * 1968-09-18 1971-12-21 Nat Res Dev Apparatus for stimulating muscles controlled by the same muscles
US4030141A (en) * 1976-02-09 1977-06-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Veterans Administration Multi-function control system for an artificial upper-extremity prosthesis for above-elbow amputees
US4521924A (en) * 1983-03-01 1985-06-11 University Of Utah Electrically driven artificial arm
US4685928A (en) * 1985-10-04 1987-08-11 Ivan Yaeger Artificial arm and hand assembly
US5252102A (en) * 1989-01-24 1993-10-12 Electrobionics Corporation Electronic range of motion apparatus, for orthosis, prosthesis, and CPM machine
US5376128A (en) * 1992-08-31 1994-12-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Control system for prosthetic devices
US20120101596A1 (en) * 2009-06-23 2012-04-26 Otto Bock Healthcare Products Gmbh Method for setting up a control and technical orthopedic device
US11173055B2 (en) * 2009-06-23 2021-11-16 Otto Bock Healthcare Products Gmbh Method for setting up a control and technical orthopedic device
US9514659B2 (en) 2013-01-07 2016-12-06 Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc. Upper arm assembly for crash test dummy
US9799234B2 (en) 2013-01-07 2017-10-24 Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc. Shoulder assembly for crash test dummy
US9916775B2 (en) 2013-03-27 2018-03-13 Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc. Joint assembly for crash test dummy

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