US3484146A - Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps having a transport gas filling - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps having a transport gas filling Download PDF

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Publication number
US3484146A
US3484146A US672619A US3484146DA US3484146A US 3484146 A US3484146 A US 3484146A US 672619 A US672619 A US 672619A US 3484146D A US3484146D A US 3484146DA US 3484146 A US3484146 A US 3484146A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bromine
lamps
filling
gas
lamp
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Expired - Lifetime
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US672619A
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English (en)
Inventor
Riksterus Auguste Johan Meijer
Germin Remi T Jampens
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
    • H01K3/22—Exhausting, degassing, filling, or cleaning vessels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an incandescent lamp having a filament of tungsten and a bromine-containing transport gas in which during the last manufacturing steps the lamp is evacuated, is then connected to a storage cylinder which contains an inert gas and a bromine-hydrocardon compound, is then filled with the gas mixture to the desired pressure and subsequently closed, usually by sealing an exhaust tube which up to that instant formed one assembly with the bulb.
  • the bulbs of incandescent lamps obtained in this man ner remain bright till the end of the lifetime of the tungsten coil provided it is ensured that the wall of the bulb during operation of the lamp everywhere reaches a temperature at which the tungsten-bromine compounds formed in the lamp cannot condense. After some time in operation there prveails a dynamic equilibrium in the lamp in which as a result of thermal decomposition of the tungsten compound in the proximity .of the coil the amounts of deposited tungsten and evaporated tungsten are the same.
  • Suitable bromine-hydrocarbons are, for example, tribromomethane (CHBra), monobramomethane (CH Br) but in particular the dibromomethane (CH Br Other bromine-hydrocarbon compounds also, if required together with a suitable amount of hydrogen, may be used.
  • CHBra tribromomethane
  • CH Br monobramomethane
  • CH Br dibromomethane
  • Other bromine-hydrocarbon compounds also, if required together with a suitable amount of hydrogen, may be used.
  • Dibromomethane which is preferably used has a rather low vapour pressure at room temperature. This is a drawback in this particular way of lamp manufacturing. At C. this pressure is only approximately 40 torr.
  • the partial pressure of the dibromomethane in the storage cylinders may not be equal to said vapour pressure.
  • condensation of the dibromomethane occurs in the storage cylinders.
  • a decrease in temperature may occur, for example, at night or during the week-end. Condensation results in unfavourable variation of the composition of the gas mixture in the storage cylinder. After an increase in temperature it takes ample time until a homogeneous gas mixture is present again in a cylinder in which condensation has occurred. For that reason the storage cylinders are normally filled with dibromomethane to a partial pressure of approximately 28 torr which corresponds to the pressure of said compound at approximately 16 C.
  • the storage cylinder may be used until the pressure therein has decreased to approximately 1.2 atmospheres.
  • the cylinder is then emptied, so many litres of krypton of 1.2 atmospheres being lost as the water capacity of the cylinder is. It is not possible to replenish a cylinder in which a pressure of 1.2 atmospheres prevails within a reasonable time with a mixture of krypton and CH Br because the vapour pressure .of the latter is too low for that purpose.
  • the operation of filling the lamps must thus be interrupted for exchanging the storage cylinders in this example after every approximately 10,000 lamps.
  • this may be achieved by using a gas mixture in which bromine and chlorine are present in the form of hydrocarbon compounds.
  • bromochloromethane (CH BrCl) is used.
  • the admissible partial pressure of this compound in the storage cylinders is approximately torr. This means that with one storage cylinder filled with bromochloromethane to said pressure, if also the partial pressure of the inert gas is adapted accordingly, approximately three times as many lamps can be filled with the same halogen percentage as is possible with bromomethane in the manner described.
  • the invention is based on the use of the property that the mixed bromine-chlorine hydrocarbon compounds and the chlorine hydrocarbon compuonds generally have a higher volatility than the corresponding bromine hydrocarbon compounds.
  • the ratio hydrogen to halogen preferably is likewise 1:1 in gramatoms.
  • the method according to the invention is not restricted to the use of bromine-chlorine methane (CH clBr) or mixtures of CH Br and CH Cl
  • CH clBr bromine-chlorine methane
  • mixtures of CHBr and CHCl may be used, if required by adding hydrogen to the ga mixture.
  • Mixtures of CHBr Cl and CHBrCl or higher hydrohalogenic compounds or higher mixed halogen hydrocarbon compounds may also be used.
  • FIG- URE 1 diagrammatically shows the filling (with transport gas) of the lamps according to the invention and FIGURE 2 shows a filling cock.
  • FIGURE 2 diagrammatically shows a cross-section of a filling cock 4.
  • the filling cock consists in principle of a spindle 8 in which a hollow space 9, capacity 2 cm. is present the spindle being rotatable in a eating 8a provided with two apertures 10 and 11 which communicate with the pipes 2.
  • the filling cock further comprises a pipe 12 which communicates with a vacuum pump. As a result of this the spindle 8 cannot be released from the seating 8a during filling.
  • the lamp is now ready for use. 30,000 lamps can be filled from one storage cylinder, taking the losses into account. At a pressure of 8.2 atmospheres in the cylinder, as is maximally possible when using CH Br this number is approximately 10,000 lamps.
  • the gas filling consisting of 700 torr Ar plus 8% by volume of N plus 1% by volume of CH Br may be replaced by 700 torr Ar plus 8% by volume of N plus 0.5% by volume of CH BrCl.
  • a lower partial halogen pressure built up from chlorine and bromine in the ratio 1:1 thus is sufiicient to maintain the cycle while the luminous efficiency of the lamp of approximately 32 1m./W. and the lifetime of approximately hours are at least maintained.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that certain types of'lamps can only be manufactured as a result of this method.
  • the tungsten halogen cycle can be maintained by chlorine and bromine together without blackening of the bulb and attack of the filament occurring.
  • the good operation of the lamp burning in a vertical position is ensured in spite of the demixing of the gas filling of the lamp.
  • the demixing is such that the tungsten-halogen cycle on one side of the lamp mainly occurs between tungsten and bromine and on the other side of the lamp space mainly between tungsten and chlorine.
  • a method of manufacturing incandescent lamps having tungsten filaments and a bromine-containing transport gas in which during the last manufacturing steps the lamp is evacuated, then filled with a mixture of an inert gas and bromine in the form of a bromine-hydrocarbon compound from a storage cylinder and is then sealed, characterized in that a gas mixture is used in which bromine and chlorine are present in the form of hydrocarbon compounds.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US672619A 1966-10-08 1967-10-03 Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps having a transport gas filling Expired - Lifetime US3484146A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6614205A NL6614205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-10-08 1966-10-08
US83878169A 1969-07-03 1969-07-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3484146A true US3484146A (en) 1969-12-16

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ID=26644102

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US672619A Expired - Lifetime US3484146A (en) 1966-10-08 1967-10-03 Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps having a transport gas filling
US838781A Expired - Lifetime US3586896A (en) 1966-10-08 1969-07-03 Incandescent lamps having a transport gas comprising a bromine and a chlorine hydrocarbon compound

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US838781A Expired - Lifetime US3586896A (en) 1966-10-08 1969-07-03 Incandescent lamps having a transport gas comprising a bromine and a chlorine hydrocarbon compound

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US3484146A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5233432B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE704814A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH519784A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1589266B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (2) DK129678B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES345811A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1151318A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6614205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO121221B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE338366B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589790A (en) * 1968-11-13 1971-06-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of dosing a halogen cycle incandescent lamp
US3619701A (en) * 1968-12-27 1971-11-09 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Halogen cycle incandescent lamps
US3667513A (en) * 1969-05-24 1972-06-06 Getters Spa Generation of alkali metal vapors
US3732455A (en) * 1970-03-03 1973-05-08 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Halogen incandescent lamp
US3788725A (en) * 1971-06-30 1974-01-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of dosing an incandescent lamp with a controlled amount of halogen-containing material
US3788724A (en) * 1971-12-07 1974-01-29 F Schenkels Method of manufacturing gas-filled lamps
US3854786A (en) * 1972-05-31 1974-12-17 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing a halogen incandescent lamp
DE2447881A1 (de) * 1973-10-10 1975-04-17 Philips Nv Halogengluehlampen mit einem fuellgas aus brom, chlor und wasserstoff
US5496201A (en) * 1994-06-16 1996-03-05 Industrial Technology Research Institute Extendable exhausting assembly for the manufacture of gas discharge lamps
US20080106176A1 (en) * 2004-04-06 2008-05-08 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh Reflector Lamp With Halogen Filling
US20100307605A1 (en) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co. Kg Thermal release element for sprinklers, valves or the like

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3843899A (en) * 1972-06-28 1974-10-22 Philips Corp Tungsten-bromine cycle incandescent lamp containing boron
US6384530B1 (en) * 1988-11-22 2002-05-07 General Electric Company Fill for high temperature tungsten-halogen lamps

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1789556A (en) * 1925-09-16 1931-01-20 Rainbow Light Inc Method of manufacturing gas-filled envelopes
US2596469A (en) * 1951-02-27 1952-05-13 Polaroid Corp Tantalum carbide filament electric lamp containing hydrogen-volatile hydrocarbon mixture
US3194625A (en) * 1962-06-18 1965-07-13 Gen Electric Electric lamp with unitary inner envelope and stem assembly and manufacture thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1789556A (en) * 1925-09-16 1931-01-20 Rainbow Light Inc Method of manufacturing gas-filled envelopes
US2596469A (en) * 1951-02-27 1952-05-13 Polaroid Corp Tantalum carbide filament electric lamp containing hydrogen-volatile hydrocarbon mixture
US3194625A (en) * 1962-06-18 1965-07-13 Gen Electric Electric lamp with unitary inner envelope and stem assembly and manufacture thereof

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589790A (en) * 1968-11-13 1971-06-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of dosing a halogen cycle incandescent lamp
US3619701A (en) * 1968-12-27 1971-11-09 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Halogen cycle incandescent lamps
US3667513A (en) * 1969-05-24 1972-06-06 Getters Spa Generation of alkali metal vapors
US3732455A (en) * 1970-03-03 1973-05-08 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Halogen incandescent lamp
US3788725A (en) * 1971-06-30 1974-01-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of dosing an incandescent lamp with a controlled amount of halogen-containing material
US3788724A (en) * 1971-12-07 1974-01-29 F Schenkels Method of manufacturing gas-filled lamps
US3854786A (en) * 1972-05-31 1974-12-17 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing a halogen incandescent lamp
DE2447881A1 (de) * 1973-10-10 1975-04-17 Philips Nv Halogengluehlampen mit einem fuellgas aus brom, chlor und wasserstoff
US4074168A (en) * 1973-10-10 1978-02-14 U.S. Philips Corporation Halogen incandescent lamp whose filler gas comprises bromine, chlorine and hydrogen
US5496201A (en) * 1994-06-16 1996-03-05 Industrial Technology Research Institute Extendable exhausting assembly for the manufacture of gas discharge lamps
US20080106176A1 (en) * 2004-04-06 2008-05-08 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh Reflector Lamp With Halogen Filling
US20100307605A1 (en) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co. Kg Thermal release element for sprinklers, valves or the like
US8402985B2 (en) * 2009-06-05 2013-03-26 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co. Kg Thermal release element for sprinklers, valves or the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1151318A (en) 1969-05-07
DK129678B (da) 1974-11-04
SE338366B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-09-06
BE704814A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-04-08
DE1589266B2 (de) 1976-12-23
NO121221B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-02-01
DK129678C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-14
ES345811A1 (es) 1968-11-16
DE1589266A1 (de) 1970-03-05
US3586896A (en) 1971-06-22
JPS5233432B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-08-27
NL6614205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-04-09
CH519784A (de) 1972-02-29

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