US3481680A - Direct fired burner - Google Patents

Direct fired burner Download PDF

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Publication number
US3481680A
US3481680A US684319A US3481680DA US3481680A US 3481680 A US3481680 A US 3481680A US 684319 A US684319 A US 684319A US 3481680D A US3481680D A US 3481680DA US 3481680 A US3481680 A US 3481680A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
air
plenum
burner
combustion chamber
cylindrical member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US684319A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Herbert M Kohn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Midland Ross Corp
Original Assignee
Midland Ross Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Midland Ross Corp filed Critical Midland Ross Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3481680A publication Critical patent/US3481680A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/125—Radiant burners heating a wall surface to incandescence

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a direct fired burner that provides a flame capable of spreading across the surface of a furnace wall.
  • the burner is attached to a wall about, and coaxially with, an opening within the wall that defines a combustion chamber.
  • the burner has a first cylindrical member defining a passageway that is confluent with the combustion chamber and into which fuel is introduced axially. Air -is introduced into this passageway tangentially to impart a stable flame thereto. Disposed about the first cylindrical member is a second cylindrical member forming an annular plenum therebetween into which air is introduced tangentially. The plenum is in confluent relationship with the combustion chamber and air flows therefrom into the combustion chamber with a spinning act-ion. When air from the plenum meets the ignited fuel emerging from the passageway at the entrance of the combustion chamber, the airfuel mixture tends to hug the walls of the combustion chamber as they emerge therefrom due to the effect of the spinning gas flows.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross sectional, elevational view of a burner encompassing the features of the instant invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view taken along the lines 22 of FIG. 1.
  • a burner is shown generally at and includes part of a furnace wall 12 having an opening 14 therein.
  • Refractory material 16 is received within the opening 14 and defines a cylindrical combustion chamber 17.
  • the refractory material 16 has a curved surface 18 formed at one end thereof adjacent the inner surface 19 of the furnace wall 12.
  • An annular orifice plate 20 is secured to the refractory material 16, as by bolts 22, about the chamber 17.
  • the bolts 22 are received by a collar 23 that is welded to the furnace wall 12.
  • Secured to the orifice plate 20 is a first cylindrical member 24 that is disposed coaxially with the combustion chamber 17.
  • Received within the cylindrical member 24 is a second cylindrical member 28 that forms a plenum 29 between the two cylinders.
  • the second cylindrical member defines a passageway 31.
  • the diameter of the first member 24 is larger than the diameter of the combustion chamber 17 and the diameter of the second member is smaller, thereby defining a shoulder 33.
  • an orifice is formed that provides a confluent relationship between the plenum 29 and the combustion chamber 17.
  • annular back plate 30 Secured to the back end of the first and second cylindrical members 24 and 28 is an annular back plate 30 having a central opening 32 therein.
  • the back plate 30 partially encloses the plenum 29 and passageway 31.
  • a fuel pipe 34 is received within the central opening 32 and is coaxial with the passageway 31.
  • a plate 36 having a central opening 38 is secured to the inside end of the fuel pipe 34.
  • the first cylindrical member 24 has an opening 40 therein that receives a generally radially extending air pipe 42.
  • the air pipe 42 has a converging portion 44 that directs air tangentially into the plenum 29 at a slight positive pressure.
  • the second cylindrical member 28 has a plurality of circumferentially disposed radial apertures 46 therein so that a portion of the air received within the plenum 29 flows radially into the passageway 31.
  • a pair of tangential air inlets 50 is secured within the walls of the member to provide a supply of spinning air to the passageway 31, the air flowing through the inlet pipes 50 from the plenum 29.
  • the back plate 30 has a second opening 52 therein, which opening receives a spark plug 54.
  • the spark plug 54 serves to ignite the fuel supplied from the pipe 34 and air coming from the tangential air inlet 50, only a small percentage of the total air required for combustion being provided by the tangential air inlet pipes.
  • a spinning air stream is thus formed that circumposes the axially flowing fuel stream emitted into the passageway through the fuel pipe 34.
  • the combustible mixture of fuel and air formed at the interface of the spinning air stream and the axially flowing fuel stream is ignited by the spark plug 54 to establish a spinning, slow mixing, stable flame.
  • the air entering apertures 46 produces a back eddy current that promotes stable burning with maximum mixing.
  • the air directed into the plenum 29 from the air pipe 42 spins within the plenum as a result of the converging portion 44.
  • the spin imparts a centrifugal force to the air, which force causes the bulk of the air to flow in close proximity to the cylindrical member 24, which is the outer wall of the plenum 29.
  • the air thus spins, it tends to form a helix, while traveling along the plenum 29.
  • a restriction in the form of the shoulder 33, is provided that causes a pressure drop as the air flows through the orifice 35.
  • the burner shown and described has two distinct advantages over prior burners in that no premix pilots are required and the spreading flame is obtained at a lower air pressure drop.
  • the need for a premix pilot is obviated by the presence of the spinning air stream that is provided by the tangential air inlets 50. This air stream yields a stable flame after initial ignition by the spark plug 54.
  • spinning air is achieved by a pressure drop across specifically shaped orifice plates, for example, half moon shaped openings.
  • the need for such specifically shaped orifices is eliminated in the burner of this invention because the air is introduced tangentially by the conveying portion 44 of the air pipe 42. This spinning air, along with the location of the orifice 35 as previously described, reduces the air pressure requirements.
  • a burner having high capacity can be provided to yield a large quantity of heat over a substantial area so that a large quantity of heat may be provided to the work being heat treated without raising the temperature of the work to a point where damage would result therefrom.
  • the heat supplied to the work is in the form of radiant heat for the flame heats the refractory wall, which in turn radiantly heats the Work.
  • a wall member defining a combustion chamber having spaced, open ends, a housing having a first right cylindrical member, means for securing said first cylindrical member substantially normally to one end of said wall member in coaxial alignment with said chamber, a second cylindrical member coaxially disposed within said first member to define a plenum therebetween, said plenum being confluent with said combustion chamber, said first cylindrical member having a larger diameter than said combustion chamber and said second cylindrical member having a smaller diameter than said combustion chamber, thereby defining a restriction means where said plenum and said combustion chamber are confluent, means for supplying fuel axially to said second member, means for supplying air tangentially to said second member, and means for supplying air tangentially to said plenum.
  • the combination comprising: a furnace wall having a cylindrical opening therein, a right cylindrical housing, means for securing said housing substantially normally to a first side of said furnace wall coaxially with the opening, said housing having a larger diameter than the opening, thereby defining a shoulder about the opening, a cylindrical sleeve received within said housing and having a diameter smaller than the opening to form an orifice in cooperation with the shoulder, said housing and said sleeve defining a plenum therebetween, means for supplying air tangentially to said plenum, means for supplying a combustible fuel to said sleeve, means for introducing air tangentially to said sleeve, and means for igniting the air-fuel mixture in said sleeve.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
US684319A 1967-11-20 1967-11-20 Direct fired burner Expired - Lifetime US3481680A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US68431967A 1967-11-20 1967-11-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3481680A true US3481680A (en) 1969-12-02

Family

ID=24747585

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US684319A Expired - Lifetime US3481680A (en) 1967-11-20 1967-11-20 Direct fired burner

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3481680A (xx)
BE (1) BE723355A (xx)
DE (1) DE1809802A1 (xx)
ES (1) ES360254A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1603976A (xx)
LU (1) LU57230A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL6816448A (xx)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3836315A (en) * 1971-10-14 1974-09-17 Pyronics Inc Burner apparatus for flame propagation control
US4094625A (en) * 1975-02-28 1978-06-13 Heurtey Efflutherm Method and device for evaporation and thermal oxidation of liquid effluents
US5449286A (en) * 1993-06-22 1995-09-12 Praxair Technology, Inc. Controlled flame fuel jet combustion
US6461145B1 (en) * 1999-02-25 2002-10-08 Stein Heurtey Flat flame burners
US20100227284A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2010-09-09 Tenova S.P.A. Flat-flame vault burner with low polluting emissions

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2952307A (en) * 1955-10-26 1960-09-13 Midland Ross Corp Burner apparatus
US3187799A (en) * 1961-04-11 1965-06-08 Midland Ross Corp Self-stabilizing combustion apparatus and method
US3267984A (en) * 1964-11-12 1966-08-23 Zink Co John Burner assembly producing radiant heat

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2952307A (en) * 1955-10-26 1960-09-13 Midland Ross Corp Burner apparatus
US3187799A (en) * 1961-04-11 1965-06-08 Midland Ross Corp Self-stabilizing combustion apparatus and method
US3267984A (en) * 1964-11-12 1966-08-23 Zink Co John Burner assembly producing radiant heat

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3836315A (en) * 1971-10-14 1974-09-17 Pyronics Inc Burner apparatus for flame propagation control
US4094625A (en) * 1975-02-28 1978-06-13 Heurtey Efflutherm Method and device for evaporation and thermal oxidation of liquid effluents
US5449286A (en) * 1993-06-22 1995-09-12 Praxair Technology, Inc. Controlled flame fuel jet combustion
US6461145B1 (en) * 1999-02-25 2002-10-08 Stein Heurtey Flat flame burners
US20100227284A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2010-09-09 Tenova S.P.A. Flat-flame vault burner with low polluting emissions
US8480394B2 (en) * 2006-01-31 2013-07-09 Tenova S.P.A. Flat-flame vault burner with low polluting emissions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE723355A (xx) 1969-04-16
ES360254A1 (es) 1970-07-01
DE1809802A1 (de) 1969-08-21
FR1603976A (en) 1971-06-21
LU57230A1 (xx) 1969-02-11
NL6816448A (xx) 1969-05-22

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