US3480686A - Procedure for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Procedure for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3480686A US3480686A US685286A US3480686DA US3480686A US 3480686 A US3480686 A US 3480686A US 685286 A US685286 A US 685286A US 3480686D A US3480686D A US 3480686DA US 3480686 A US3480686 A US 3480686A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cracking
- diluent
- hydrocarbons
- hydrocarbon
- acetylene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 title description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 23
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 14
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VEFXTGTZJOWDOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1=CC=CC=C1 VEFXTGTZJOWDOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NUMXHEUHHRTBQT-AATRIKPKSA-N 2,4-dimethoxy-1-[(e)-2-nitroethenyl]benzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(\C=C\[N+]([O-])=O)C(OC)=C1 NUMXHEUHHRTBQT-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100114416 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) con-10 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
- C07C4/025—Oxidative cracking, autothermal cracking or cracking by partial combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
- C07C4/04—Thermal processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
- Y10S585/8995—Catalyst and recycle considerations
- Y10S585/901—Catalyst and recycle considerations with recycle, rehabilitation, or preservation of solvent, diluent, or mass action agent
Definitions
- the invention relates to an improved process for the production of acetylene by the cracking of hydrocarbons.
- acetylene may be obtained from hydrocarbons by providing, in the cracking zone, a temperature in the range of about 1000 to 1600" C., and even higher. However, at these temperatures, the rate of dissociation of acetylene into its elements, carbon and hydrogen is not negligible, and it is recommended that the hydrocarbons remain only for a very short period, within this cracking zone generally between 0.5 and a few tenths of milliseconds.
- the low partial pressure may be obtained by operating under a partial vacuum and/or by adding a sufficient quantity of gaseous diluent to the hydrocarbon.
- the use of a diluent also has the advantage of promoting the production of acetylene because the equilibrium then has a high tendency to be displaced towards the thus decreasing the quantity of acetylene which may be obtained.
- the speed of this secondary reaction rapidly increases when the temperature rises from 950 to 1400 C, and in the particular caseof the cracking of ethane, at about 1400 C., H. S. Glick (7th International Symposium on Combustion, 1959, pp. 98-107) has shown that about 5% of the carbon content is converted into CO by the hydrolysis reaction of acetylene, in spite of the very short contact time, which is less than one millisecond.
- Diluents other than water vapor have been proposed. Particularly, hydrogen, which is more chemically inert, has been suggested but it must be used in a cycle operation, which is difiicult and costly since the gas is not easily condensed.
- the invention is specifically directed to an improvement in acetylenic thermo-cracking processes in which the hydrocarbons submitted to the cracking operation are heated to temperatures higher or equal to 1000 C. and are diluted with one or more compounds selected from the aromatic hydrocarbons.
- benzene is preferred.
- any aromatic compound may be employed, for example, naphthalene, biphenyl, anthracene or the mixture of condensed products separated by cooling the gases resulting from the cracking process may also be used.
- aromatic hydrocarbons are particularly suitable as diluents in thermal cracking. They all have in common excellent heat stability at temperatures of 1000 C. and higher.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons are substantially chemically inert with respect to ethylene and acetylene under the residence time conditions required for the acetylenic crackmg.
- a fraction of the charge used in the acetylenic cracking produces benzene and other aromatic compounds which generally compensate for the eventual loss of diluent. Normally, the process does not require a benzene diluent supply.
- aromatic hydrocarbons may be separated readily by condensation.
- the diluent is benzene. Its low heat of vaporization does not require a very important amount of energy to transform it from the liquid state to the vapor state, when overheated under the cracking conditions.
- the diluents according to the invention may be used with all acetylenic thermal crackings, since the heat required during the cracking operation may be supplied by means of hot gases, as in partial combustion or pilot flame crackings. Furthermore, when using Wultf type regeneration ovens or the like, the heat may be transmitted by contact with ceramic elements which have been previously heated.
- the molar ratio of diluent to hydrocarbon may be maintained between about 2/1 and 20/1, preferably between 4/1 and 12/1.
- the nature of the hydrocarbon charge to be cracked has no influence on the diluent and the usual range of hydrocarbons from methane to light naphtha may be used.
- Process according to claim 1 in which the molar The results also expressed as a carbon fractlon of the 40 ratio of diluent to paraffinic hydrocarbon is from about converted C H appear in the following table: 4:1 to about 12:1.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR84794A FR1515059A (fr) | 1966-11-24 | 1966-11-24 | Perfectionnements au cracking thermique des hydrocarbures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3480686A true US3480686A (en) | 1969-11-25 |
Family
ID=8621493
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US685286A Expired - Lifetime US3480686A (en) | 1966-11-24 | 1967-11-24 | Procedure for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3480686A (instruction) |
| BE (1) | BE706661A (instruction) |
| CH (1) | CH467736A (instruction) |
| DE (1) | DE1618971A1 (instruction) |
| ES (1) | ES347181A1 (instruction) |
| FR (1) | FR1515059A (instruction) |
| GB (1) | GB1142559A (instruction) |
| NL (1) | NL6714561A (instruction) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3205048A (en) * | 1960-12-22 | 1965-09-07 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Process and apparatus for the simultaneous production of acetylene and ethylene |
| US3392210A (en) * | 1965-04-01 | 1968-07-09 | Chemical Construction Corp | Process for acetylene production |
-
1966
- 1966-11-24 FR FR84794A patent/FR1515059A/fr not_active Expired
-
1967
- 1967-10-13 CH CH1432467A patent/CH467736A/fr unknown
- 1967-10-26 NL NL6714561A patent/NL6714561A/xx unknown
- 1967-11-02 DE DE19671618971 patent/DE1618971A1/de active Pending
- 1967-11-15 ES ES347181A patent/ES347181A1/es not_active Expired
- 1967-11-17 BE BE706661D patent/BE706661A/xx unknown
- 1967-11-21 GB GB52888/67A patent/GB1142559A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-11-24 US US685286A patent/US3480686A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3205048A (en) * | 1960-12-22 | 1965-09-07 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Process and apparatus for the simultaneous production of acetylene and ethylene |
| US3392210A (en) * | 1965-04-01 | 1968-07-09 | Chemical Construction Corp | Process for acetylene production |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1515059A (fr) | 1968-03-01 |
| BE706661A (instruction) | 1968-05-17 |
| GB1142559A (en) | 1969-02-12 |
| CH467736A (fr) | 1969-01-31 |
| NL6714561A (instruction) | 1968-05-27 |
| ES347181A1 (es) | 1969-01-16 |
| DE1618971A1 (de) | 1971-05-19 |
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