US3472941A - Coreless induction furnace and method of melting and stirring metals in this furnace - Google Patents

Coreless induction furnace and method of melting and stirring metals in this furnace Download PDF

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US3472941A
US3472941A US615812A US3472941DA US3472941A US 3472941 A US3472941 A US 3472941A US 615812 A US615812 A US 615812A US 3472941D A US3472941D A US 3472941DA US 3472941 A US3472941 A US 3472941A
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stirring
furnace
melting
current
induction
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US615812A
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Joachim Floymayr
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Balzers und Leybold Deutschland Holding AG
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Leybold Heraeus GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/34—Arrangements for circulation of melts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/04—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
    • H05B6/067—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power for melting furnaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2213/00—Aspects relating both to resistive heating and to induction heating, covered by H05B3/00 and H05B6/00
    • H05B2213/02—Stirring of melted material in melting furnaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of melting metals in a coreless induction furnace, and more particularly in a vacuum induction furnace, and of subsequently stirring the molten metal, preferably under a vacuum, within this furnace, and it further relates to an induction furnace which is especially deslgned for carrying out this method.
  • the stirring motion of the molten metal may be produced and controlled by varylng the voltages of the low-frequency current which are supplied to the induction-coil unit and/or by varying the phase relationship of the current-supply units which are required solely for effecting this stirring motion.
  • this known method requires additional electric control means, for example, choke circuits, for preventing the high-frequency currents from entering the low-frequency circuit and the low-frequency circuit from entering the high-frequency circuit. It is therefore quite evident that the apparatus which is required to carry out this known method is very expensive.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a coreless induction furnace which is especially designed for carrying out this new method.
  • the method according to the invention also employs a coreless induction furnace, preferably a vacuum induction furnace, for melting a metal and for thereafter stirring the molten metal, preferably under a vacuum.
  • this furnace likewise comprises a'crucible and a unit of several induction coils which surrounds the crucible and is energized for the stirring operation in a manner so as to produce a wave motion within the molten metal.
  • the new method provides that for both operation of melting the metal and of thereafter stirring the same, the induction-coil unit is supplied by only one source of current of the same frequency, that this source of current is divided into two or more equal current-supply units, and that for the melting operation the primary sides of these current-supply units are in phase coincidence, while for the subsequent stirring operation the phases of these same current-supply units are turned relative to each other.
  • the method according to the invention therefore requires only one source of current of the same frequency, and for carrying out this method it is immaterial which frequency is to be used.
  • the new method has the advantage over the known method as previously described that the required apparatus is much more simple and inexpensive since the same source of current may be used for both operations of melting the metal and of thereafter stirring the molten metal and since this single source is composed of two or more current-supply units which maybe of an identical construction. Special electric means as are required by the known method for operating the furnace with a lowfrequency as well as a high-frequency current are therefore no longer required.
  • This induction furnace comprises a crucible 1 which is surrounded by a plurality of induction coils 2, 3, 4, and 5 which together form a unit.
  • the alternate induction coils 2 and 4 and 3 and 5, respectively, are connected in series.
  • the common source of electric current for energizing the induction-coil unit is composed of two equal current-supply units 6 and 7 each of which supplies one half of the total power required.
  • Coils 2 and 4 are supplied by the unit 6 and coils 3 and 5 by the unit 7.
  • both units 6 and 7 and thus also all four induction coils 2 to 5 have the same phase relationship.
  • the phase of one of the two current-supplying units is electrically turned at the primary side, for example, at an angle of relative to the phase of the other unit. This results in the formation of a wave motion within the molten metal.
  • the operation of the induction furnace as above described constitutes a melting operation which is followed by a two-phase stirring operation. If more than two phases are to be employed for the stirring operation, the source of current is to be composed of a number of equal current-supply units in accordance with the number of phases desired which are to be turned at equal angles relative to each other. Each supply unit should then have an output corresponding to the total output of the entire source of current divided by the number of phases.
  • the induction-coil unit must be divided into so many individual coils that the number of these coils will be equal to twice the number of phases. If the melting process is to be followed by a threephase stirring process, the source of current is therefore to be divided into three equal supply units each of which has an output of one third of the total output of the common source. The induction-coil unit is then to be divided into six individual coils.
  • a coreless induction furnace for melting metal and for subsequently stirring the molten metal, comprising a crucible, a plurality of induction coils together forming an induction-coil unit surrounding said crucible, and at least two current-supply units for energizing said induction-coil unit, wherein the improvement consists in that said current-supply units are equal to each other and consist of a number of such units equal to the number of phases to be employed for the stirring process, that each of said supply units has an electric output of a size equal to the total output of all of said supply units divided by the number of phases, and that said coil unit consists of a number of said individual coils equal to twice the number of said phases.

Description

Oct. 14, 1969 .J. FLOYMAYR 3,472,941
CORELESS INDUCTION FURNACE AND METHOD OF MELTING AND STIRRING METALS IN THIS FURNACE Filed Feb. 1:5. 1967 United States Patent O Int. Cl. nosb 5/16, 5/18 US. CI. 13-26 1 Claim ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A coreless induction furnace and a method of melting metals and thereafter stirring the molten metal in this furnace, wherein the crucible of this furnace is surrounded by a plurality of induction coils which for the melting operation are energized by at least two equal current-supply units in phase coincidence, while for subsequently stirring the molten metal, the phases of these same supply units are shifted relative to each other.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of melting metals in a coreless induction furnace, and more particularly in a vacuum induction furnace, and of subsequently stirring the molten metal, preferably under a vacuum, within this furnace, and it further relates to an induction furnace which is especially deslgned for carrying out this method.
In the operation of induction furnaces for melting metals it is often very desirable for metallurgical reasons to stir the liquid metal after it has been melted completely in order to render the material as homogeneous as possible. If this stirring process is carried outunder a vacuum, the additional advantage may be attalned that the liquid metal will also be degassed.
It is already known to employ a coreless induction furnace for melting a metal and for also stirring the molten metal therein. For heating the metal, this known method employs a high-frequency current, while for agitating the bath of molten metal a low-frequency current is used. The induction coil surrounding the crucible consists of a unit of several smaller coils which for stirring the molten metal are connected and energized in a manner so as to produce an internal flow and wave motion within the molten metal. Since each of the proces ses of melting and stirring the metal requires a different type of current, it is also necessary to provide two independent current sources, namely, one for producing a high-frequency current and one for producing a low-frequency current. The stirring motion of the molten metal may be produced and controlled by varylng the voltages of the low-frequency current which are supplied to the induction-coil unit and/or by varying the phase relationship of the current-supply units which are required solely for effecting this stirring motion. Furthermore, this known method requires additional electric control means, for example, choke circuits, for preventing the high-frequency currents from entering the low-frequency circuit and the low-frequency circuit from entering the high-frequency circuit. It is therefore quite evident that the apparatus which is required to carry out this known method is very expensive.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a new method of melting metal and subsequently stirring 3,472,941 Patented Oct. 14, 1969 ice the molten metal by induction, which permits both functions to be carried out very easily and effectively and by means of a much more simple and inexpensive apparatus than the apparatus which is required for carrying out the conventional method as above described. A further object of the invention is to provide a coreless induction furnace which is especially designed for carrying out this new method.
Like the known method, the method according to the invention also employs a coreless induction furnace, preferably a vacuum induction furnace, for melting a metal and for thereafter stirring the molten metal, preferably under a vacuum. For both operations of melting and stirring the metal, this furnace likewise comprises a'crucible and a unit of several induction coils which surrounds the crucible and is energized for the stirring operation in a manner so as to produce a wave motion within the molten metal. For attaining the abovementioned objects, the new method, however, provides that for both operation of melting the metal and of thereafter stirring the same, the induction-coil unit is supplied by only one source of current of the same frequency, that this source of current is divided into two or more equal current-supply units, and that for the melting operation the primary sides of these current-supply units are in phase coincidence, while for the subsequent stirring operation the phases of these same current-supply units are turned relative to each other. The method according to the invention therefore requires only one source of current of the same frequency, and for carrying out this method it is immaterial which frequency is to be used.
The new method has the advantage over the known method as previously described that the required apparatus is much more simple and inexpensive since the same source of current may be used for both operations of melting the metal and of thereafter stirring the molten metal and since this single source is composed of two or more current-supply units which maybe of an identical construction. Special electric means as are required by the known method for operating the furnace with a lowfrequency as well as a high-frequency current are therefore no longer required.
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more clearly apparent from the following detailed description of an induction furnace which is designed in accordance with the invention for carrying out the new method and which is illustrated diagrammatically and in cross section in the accompanying drawing.
This induction furnace comprises a crucible 1 which is surrounded by a plurality of induction coils 2, 3, 4, and 5 which together form a unit. The alternate induction coils 2 and 4 and 3 and 5, respectively, are connected in series. The common source of electric current for energizing the induction-coil unit is composed of two equal current- supply units 6 and 7 each of which supplies one half of the total power required. Coils 2 and 4 are supplied by the unit 6 and coils 3 and 5 by the unit 7. For carrying out the inductive melting operation, both units 6 and 7 and thus also all four induction coils 2 to 5 have the same phase relationship. However, for stirring the liquid metal after it has been melted completely, the phase of one of the two current-supplying units is electrically turned at the primary side, for example, at an angle of relative to the phase of the other unit. This results in the formation of a wave motion within the molten metal. The operation of the induction furnace as above described constitutes a melting operation which is followed by a two-phase stirring operation. If more than two phases are to be employed for the stirring operation, the source of current is to be composed of a number of equal current-supply units in accordance with the number of phases desired which are to be turned at equal angles relative to each other. Each supply unit should then have an output corresponding to the total output of the entire source of current divided by the number of phases. This, in turn, means that the induction-coil unit must be divided into so many individual coils that the number of these coils will be equal to twice the number of phases. If the melting process is to be followed by a threephase stirring process, the source of current is therefore to be divided into three equal supply units each of which has an output of one third of the total output of the common source. The induction-coil unit is then to be divided into six individual coils.
Although my invention has been illustrated and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, I wish to have it understood that it is in no way limited to the details of such embodiments but is capable of numerous modifications within the scope of the appended claim.
Having thus fully disclosed my invention, what I claim 1s:
1. In a coreless induction furnace for melting metal and for subsequently stirring the molten metal, comprising a crucible, a plurality of induction coils together forming an induction-coil unit surrounding said crucible, and at least two current-supply units for energizing said induction-coil unit, wherein the improvement consists in that said current-supply units are equal to each other and consist of a number of such units equal to the number of phases to be employed for the stirring process, that each of said supply units has an electric output of a size equal to the total output of all of said supply units divided by the number of phases, and that said coil unit consists of a number of said individual coils equal to twice the number of said phases.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,759,035 8/ 1956 Dreyfus 13-26 3,331,909 7/1967 Kasper 219-10.75 X 3,382,311 5/1968 Rydinger et a1. 13-26 3,414,659 12/ 1968 Kennedy 13-26 BERNARD A. GILHEANY, Primary Examiner H. B. GILSON, Assistant Examiner
US615812A 1966-02-15 1967-02-13 Coreless induction furnace and method of melting and stirring metals in this furnace Expired - Lifetime US3472941A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3657506A (en) * 1971-02-10 1972-04-18 Norton Co Vacuum coating system with induction heated vaporizing crucibles
US3660585A (en) * 1970-06-24 1972-05-02 Robert D Waldron Frozen shell metal melting means
WO1987006332A1 (en) * 1986-04-16 1987-10-22 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Arrangement in steel manufacturing by means of inductive stirring
US5023419A (en) * 1987-05-07 1991-06-11 Langstedt Goeran Device for the induction heating of a workpiece
US5250777A (en) * 1990-04-02 1993-10-05 Inductotherm Corp. Method and apparatus for variable phase induction heating and stirring
US20090114640A1 (en) * 2007-11-03 2009-05-07 Nadot Vladimir V Electric Power System for Electric Induction Heating and Melting of Materials in a Susceptor Vessel

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE857189A (en) * 1977-07-27 1978-01-27 Elphiac Sa CREUSET INDUCTION OVEN
DE102005053798A1 (en) * 2005-11-09 2007-05-10 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Inductive melting apparatus for melting metals has an alternating current supply comprising an inverter for each coil and a control unit providing in-phase and out-of-phase switching states
DE102006032640B4 (en) * 2006-07-13 2010-07-01 Ema Indutec Gmbh Inverter, in particular for generating active power for inductive heating and method for inductive melting and stirring
EP2276323A1 (en) * 2009-07-16 2011-01-19 Calamari S.p.A. Electrical power supply circuit

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2759035A (en) * 1953-08-11 1956-08-14 All Na Svenska Elek Ska Aktieb Polyphase stirring winding
US3331909A (en) * 1965-03-12 1967-07-18 Ohio Crankshaft Co Apparatus for energizing an induction melting furnace with a three phase electrical network
US3382311A (en) * 1964-06-18 1968-05-07 Asea Ab Low frequency induction melt plant
US3414659A (en) * 1965-10-24 1968-12-03 Inductotherm Corp Method and apparatus for induction heating and stirring

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE499743C (en) * 1926-10-30 1930-06-12 Michael Surjaninoff Method for the operation of electrical high-frequency induction ovens with multiphase currents
FR713498A (en) * 1930-03-18 1931-10-28 Improvements to electric induction furnaces
FR767249A (en) * 1933-12-04 1934-07-12 Asea Ab Electric eddy current furnace

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2759035A (en) * 1953-08-11 1956-08-14 All Na Svenska Elek Ska Aktieb Polyphase stirring winding
US3382311A (en) * 1964-06-18 1968-05-07 Asea Ab Low frequency induction melt plant
US3331909A (en) * 1965-03-12 1967-07-18 Ohio Crankshaft Co Apparatus for energizing an induction melting furnace with a three phase electrical network
US3414659A (en) * 1965-10-24 1968-12-03 Inductotherm Corp Method and apparatus for induction heating and stirring

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3660585A (en) * 1970-06-24 1972-05-02 Robert D Waldron Frozen shell metal melting means
US3657506A (en) * 1971-02-10 1972-04-18 Norton Co Vacuum coating system with induction heated vaporizing crucibles
WO1987006332A1 (en) * 1986-04-16 1987-10-22 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Arrangement in steel manufacturing by means of inductive stirring
US5023419A (en) * 1987-05-07 1991-06-11 Langstedt Goeran Device for the induction heating of a workpiece
US5250777A (en) * 1990-04-02 1993-10-05 Inductotherm Corp. Method and apparatus for variable phase induction heating and stirring
US20090114640A1 (en) * 2007-11-03 2009-05-07 Nadot Vladimir V Electric Power System for Electric Induction Heating and Melting of Materials in a Susceptor Vessel
US8884199B2 (en) * 2007-11-03 2014-11-11 Inductotherm Corp. Electric power system for electric induction heating and melting of materials in a susceptor vessel

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DE1533081B1 (en) 1971-01-21
FR1511457A (en) 1968-01-26

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