US3465202A - Electroluminescent device for deriving a bright output image from a dark input image - Google Patents

Electroluminescent device for deriving a bright output image from a dark input image Download PDF

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US3465202A
US3465202A US587227A US3465202DA US3465202A US 3465202 A US3465202 A US 3465202A US 587227 A US587227 A US 587227A US 3465202D A US3465202D A US 3465202DA US 3465202 A US3465202 A US 3465202A
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layer
electroluminescent
electrodes
resistance
ferroelectric
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Tadao Kohashi
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B44/00—Circuit arrangements for operating electroluminescent light sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

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  • An electroluminescent device for deriving a bright output image from a dark input image comprising an electroluminescent layer, a non-linear impedance layer and means for applying a biasing electric field across said non-linear impedance element, wherein a current flowing through said electroluminescent element is caused to flow in the lengthwise direction thereof depending upon the variation in the impedance of said impedance element.
  • This invention relates to improvements in electrically luminescent devices of the kind, for example, in which the luminescence of electroluminescent elements is controlled by use of a non-linear impedance element.
  • This invention further relates to improvements in electrically luminescent devices of the kinds, for example, in which the luminescence of electroluminescent elements is controlled by an alternating current by utilization of the dielectric amplification function of a non-linear ferroelectric element in a layer form.
  • the capacitance of the electroluminescent layer in the direction of its thickness be substantially comparable to that of the non-linear ferroelectric layer in the direction of its thickness.
  • the non-linear ferroelectric layer commonly composed of BaTiO ceramics (Pb, Zr)TiO ceramics or the like has a very high specific dielectric constant of the order of 1000 to 3000, whereas the electroluminescent layer composed of dispersed intrinsic elec troluminescent material or the like has a low specific dielectric constant of the order of 10 to 20.
  • the non-linear ferroelectric layer must have a thickness more than 100 times that of the electroluminescent layer in order to satisfy the aforementioned conditions.
  • the maximum thickness of the electroluminescent layer is limited to 30 to 50 microns according to the present manufacturing technique, the non-linear ferroelectric layer is required to have an extremely large thickness of the order of 3 to millimeters.
  • the DC bias voltage in the direction of thicknited States Patent 0 'ice ness of the non-linear ferroelectric layer must be in the order of 10 kilovolts per centimeter or higher.
  • an electroluminescence device based on a principle according to which a biasing electric field for the lateral component of a layer-form non-linear impedance element is unidirectionally controlled to thereby control the luminescence of an electroluminescent element.
  • an electroluminescence device based on a principle according to which a biasing electric field (that is, polarization) for the vertical component of a layer-form nonlinear ferroelectric element is controlled to thereby control the dielectric amplification action of the lateral component, and this dielectric amplification action of the lateral component is utilized to control the luminescence of an electroluminescent layer in an AC fashion.
  • a biasing electric field that is, polarization
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of one embodiment of the electroluminescence device of the invention, the device being shown together with a power supply system therefor;
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic sectional views of other embodiments of the invention shown together with power supply systems therefor;
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are equivalent circuit diagrams of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively.
  • an electroluminescence device embodying the invention which is adapted to invert and amplify an input image L in the form of light rays, radiant rays and so on to thereby derive a negative optical output image or inverted optical output image L from an electroluminescent element.
  • the electroluminescence device includes a support base 10 of, for example, transparent glass having a high specific resistance and a high resistance to voltage and a plurality of light-transmissive electrodes 21 and 22 of material such as stannic oxide disposed on the support base 10 in suitably spaced relation from each other.
  • the electrodes 21 and 22 constitute two sets of alternately arranged and electrically insulated electrode groups, and a source of AC power supply 30 having a zero or extremely low output resistance is connected between these electrode groups to supply an AC voltage V thereacross.
  • the electroluminescence device further includes an electroluminescent element 40 formed of an electroluminescent layer of a powdery phosphor such as ZnSzCu, Al blended and molded with a suitable binder; a non-linear ferroelectric capacitance element 50 formed of a layer or panel of material such as BaTiO ceramics or (Pb, Zr) TiO ceramics; a photoconductive layer 60 formed by blending and molding a powdered photoconductive material having a high dark resistance such as CaszCu, Cl with a binder having a high specific resistance such as an epoxy resin; and an electrode 70 which permits transmission of an input light image L
  • the electrode 70 is made from a lighttransmissive material such as stannic oxide when used with an input image L in the form of light rays and made from a vacuum deposition film or thin plate of metal such as aluminium or a layer of conductive paint when used with an input image L in the form of radiant rays such as X-rays.
  • a source of DC power supply 80 is
  • the thickness of the electroluminescent element layer 40 interposed between the electrodes 21, 22 and the ferroelectric element layer 50 is made extremely thin or in the order of, for example, 30 microns; each of the electrodes 21 and 22 has a narrow width of, for example, about 200 microns; the spacing between the adjacent electrodes 21 and 22 is made more than about twice the thickness of the electroluminescent element layer 40 or in the order of, for example, 500 microns; and the AC voltage V is selected at a suitable value so that the electroluminescent element layer 40 may not luminesce by the lateral electric field established across the electrodes 21 and 22 by the AC voltage V Under such an arrangement, the bypassing alternating current I running in the lateral direction or in the direction parallel to the face of the nonlinear ferroelectric element layer 50 establishes a strong electric field in the direction of thickness of the thin electroluminescent element layer 40 lying between the electrodes 21, 22 and the ferroelectric element layer 50, and luminescence developed at this portion gives a bright optical output L When under this state
  • the DC resistance in the direction of thickness of the photoconductive layer 60 decreases by the photoconductive effect.
  • a DC photo-current I flows between the electrode 70 and the electrodes 21, 22 to increase the DC bias voltage (hence, biasing electric field) Vb applied in the direction of thickness of the non-linear ferroelectric element layer 50.
  • the above increase in the DC bias voltage Vb results in reduction of the specific dielectric constant of the nonlinear capacitance element layer 50, and resultant reduction in the lateral dielectric amplification leads to decrease of the laterally bypassing alternating current I
  • the luminous output makes an abrupt decrease with the increase in the image input L and a bright, inverted, negative output image L can be obtained when the input image L is applied in the form of extremely dark light rays.
  • Effective control on such DC bias voltage in the direction of thickness of the non-linear ferroelectric element layer 50 can be accomplished by suitably selecting the DC resistance of the non-linear ferroelectric element layer 50 so that it is suitably smaller than the dark resistance of the photoconductive layer 60 and by suitably selecting the DC resistance of the electroluminescent element layer 40 so that it is suitably smaller than the DC resistance of the non-linear ferroelectric element layer 50 whereby the DC bias voltage can be effectively applied to the element layer 50.
  • the geometrical mean of the maximum capacitance and the minimum capacitance of the non-linear ferroelectric element layer 50 variable depending on the DC bias voltage is substantially equal to the capacitance of the luminous portion of the electroluminescent element layer 40.
  • the thickness of the non-linear ferroelectric layer must be made more than times the thickness of the electroluminescent layer in order to have substantially equal capacitances for both the layers.
  • an effective AC circuit related with the AC voltage V is provided by a series circuit of the capacitances in the direction of thickness of those portions which contribute to the luminescence of the electroluminescent element layer 40 between the electrodes 21, 22 and the non-linear ferroelectric element layer 50 and the capacitance of the nonlinear ferroelectric element layer 50 in the lateral direction thereof.
  • the capacitance of the non-linear ferroelectric element layer 50 in the lateral direction thereof can be made smaller by reducing the thickness of the layer to an extent that it is substantially equal to the above capacitance of the electroluminescent element layer 40.
  • the thickness of the element layer 50 can be made extremely thin or in the order of several tens to 100 microns by employing the aforementioned material.
  • the spacing between the adjacent electrodes 21 and 22 may be varied to suitably adjust the capacitance in the lateral direction of the element layer 50.
  • the ferroelectric element layer 50 in this embodiment can be made extremely thin even if a maximum value of the DC bias voltage Vb of the order of, for example, 10 kilovolts per centimeter is requested. Therefore a voltage value of several tens to 100 volts will suflice to obtain a strong electric field, and it will be apparent that this system is by far excellent compared with the prior system.
  • the DC voltage V of extremely low value suffices, and since the value of the requested bias voltage Vb is so low, the thickness of the photoconductive layer 60 can be made extremely thin or in the order of several tens to 100 microns.
  • This thin thickness of the photoconductive layer 60 ensures excitation by the input image L to the sufficiently deep interior of the layer and makes possible to attain a high-sensitivity operation. Furthermore, as apparent from FIG. 1, the photoconductive layer 60 is isolated from the AC circuit and is arranged to make a DC operation so as to utilize a great variation in its DC resistance. By virtue of the above arrangement, this layer can operate at a very high sensitivity. Still further, by selecting the AC voltage V at a high frequency for thereby obtaining a lateral AC amplification as high as 1000 times the common value, the electroluminescent device can now be used as a high-amplification image device and the like.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown another embodiment of the invention which is also adapted to invert and amplify an input image L in the form of light rays, radiant rays and so on to thereby derive a negative optical output image or inverted optical output image L from an electroluminescent element.
  • the electroluminescent device includes a support base 1 of, for example, transparent glass having a high specific resistance and a high resistance to voltage and a plurality of light-transmissive electrodes 2 of material such as tin oxide disposed on the support base 1 in suitably spaced relation from each other.
  • the electrodes 2 constitute two sets of alternately arranged and electrically insulated electrode groups 2 and 2", and a source of AC power sup ply 3 having a zero or extremely low output resistance is connected between these electrode groups to supply an AC voltage V thereacross.
  • the electroluminescence device further includes an electroluminescent element 4 formed of an electroluminescent layer of a powdery phosphor such as ZnSzCu, Al blended and molded with a suitable binder; a nonlinear ferroelectric capacitance element 5 formed of a layer or panel of material such as BaTiO ceramics or (Pb, Zr)TiO ceramics; a resistance layer 6 which is made opaque so as to avoid feedback of the emission from the electroluminescent layer 4 to the input side; and photoconductive elements 7 of material such as CdSzCu, Cl having a high dark resistance.
  • the photoconductive elements 7 are disposed at positions directly opposite to the electrodes 2.
  • An electrode 8 having the property of transmitting the input light rays is provided on the top of each photoconductive element 7, and all the electrodes 8 constitute two sets of electrically insulated electrode groups 8 and 8" corresponding to the electrode groups 2' and 2".
  • the electrode 8 is made from a light-transmissive material such as tin oxide when used with an input image L in the form of light rays and made from a vacuum deposition film or thin plate of metal such as aluminum or a layer of conductive paint when used with an input image L in the form of radiant rays such as X-rays.
  • a source of DC power supply 9 is connected between these electrode groups 8' and 8 to apply a DC voltage V thereacross.
  • the thickness of the electroluminescent element layer 4 interposed between the electrodes 2, 2" and the ferroelectric element layer 5 is made extremely thin or in the order of, for example, 30 microns; each of the electrodes 2 and 2" has a narrow width of, for example, about 200 microns; the spacing between the adjacent electrodes 2' and 2" is made more than twice the thickness of the electroluminescent element layer 4 or in the order of, for example, 500 microns; and the AC voltage V is selected at a suitable value so that the electroluminescent element layer 4 may not luminesce by the lateral electric field established across the electrodes 2 and 2" by the AC voltage V Under such an arrangement, the bypassing alternating current I running in the lateral direction or in the direction parallel to the face of the non-linear ferroelectric element layer 5 establishes a strong electric field in the direction of thickness of the thin electroluminescent element layer 4 lying between the electrodes 2, 2" and the ferroelectric element layer 5, and luminescence developed at this portion gives a bright optical output
  • the DC resistance in the direction of thickness of the photoconductive elements 7 decreases by the photoconductive effect.
  • a photoelectric current I flows across the electrodes 8 and 8" through the photoconductive element layers 7 and the resistance layer 6 to cause a voltage drop Vd in the lateral direction of the resistance layer 6 to thereby create a DC bias voltage (that is, biasing electric field) Vd in the lateral direction of the non-linear fer'rodleqtric element layer 5, which bias voltage increases with the increase in the light input L Consequently, the relative dielectric constant in the lateral direction of the non-linear capacitance element layer 5 decreases by the illumination by the input optical image L and resultant reduction in the lateral dielectric amplification leads to decrease of the laterally bypassing alternating current I
  • the luminous output makes an abrupt decrease with the increase in the image input L and a bright, inverted, negative output image L can be obtained when the input image L is applied in the form of extremely dark light rays.
  • the geometrical mean of the maximum capacitance and the minimum capacitance of the non-linear ferroelectric element layer 5 variable depending on the DC bias volttage is substantially equal to the capacitance of the luminous portion of the electroluminescent element layer 4.
  • the thickness of the non-linear ferroelectric layer must be made more than times the thickness of the electroluminescent layer in order to have substantially equal capacitances for both the layers.
  • FIG. 4 is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram of the device of FIG. 2.
  • symbols R R C and C denote the resitance of the photoconductive element 7, the resistance of the resistance layer 6, the capacitance of the electroluminescent layer 4 in the direction of thickness thereof, and the capacitance of the nonlinear capacitance element 5 in the lateral direction thereof, respectively.
  • an effective AC circuit related with the DC voltage V is provided by a series circuit of the capacitances C in the direction of thickness of those portions which contribute to the luminescence of the electroluminescent element layer 4 between the electrodes 2', 2" and the nonlinear ferroelectric element layer 5 and the capacitance C of the non-linear ferroelectric element layer 5 in the lateral direction thereof.
  • the capacitance of the non-linear ferroelectric element layer 5 in the lateral direction thereof can be made smaller by reducing the thickness of the layer to an extent that it is substantially equal to the above capacitance of the electroluminescent element layer 4.
  • the thickness of the element layer 5 can be made extremely thin or in the order of several tens to 100 microns by employing the aforementioned material.
  • the spacing between the adjacent electrodes 2 and 2" may be varied to suitably adjust the capacitance in the lateral direction of the element layer 5.
  • the photoconductive layer 7 is isolated from the AC circuit and is ar ranged to make a DC operation so as to utilize a great variation in its DC resistance.
  • this layer can operate at a very high sensitivity.
  • the electroluminescence device can now be used as a high amplification image device and the like.
  • a further embodiment of the invention shown in FIG 3 is substantially similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 except that a non-linear resistance element layer 10 in the form of a semiconductor thin film such as a SiC varistor or CdS film is provided in lieu of the non-linear capacitance element layer 5 in FIG. 2.
  • An equivalent circuit of the device of FIG. 3 is shown in FIG. 5 wherein symbols R and R denote the lateral resistance of the non-linear resistance element layer 10 and the resistance of a photoconductive layer 7 in the direction of its thickness, respectively.
  • decrease of the resistance R of the photoconductive layer 7 due to appearance of an optical input L results in an increase of voltage shared by the non-linear resistance element layer and a corresponding decrease of the resistance R of the nonlinear resistance element layer 10. Accordingly, with an increase in the optical input L an increased amount of alternating current I flows in the direction of thickness of the electroluminescent element layer 4, and an optical output L is derived therefrom as a positive image.
  • the invention provides an electrolumincscence device of the structure in which the luminescence of its electroluminescent element can be controlled at a high sensitivity by the amplification action of a non-linear impedance element and in which its electroluminescent element need not be resistive because a unidirectional field is applied in the lateral direction of the non-linear impedance layer for the impedance control thereof.
  • the invention based on such unique principle can visualize various electroluminescence devices which find many useful applications in a variety of industrial fields.
  • An electroluminescent device for converting a dark input image into a bright output image, which device comprises an electroluminescent layer, a plurality of pairs of electrodes mounted on one face of said electroluminescent layer, a non-linear impedance layer superposed on the other face of said electroluminescent layer, means for applying a DC bias voltage to said non-linear impedance layer and an AC power source connected alternately with said pairs of electrodes for supplying thereto an AC voltage to energize said electroluminescent layer, wherein the electric current flowing through said electroluminescent layer is caused to flow lengthwise in said non-linear impedance layer.
  • An electroluminescent device for deriving a bright negative output image from a dark input image through dielectric amplification of the latter, which device comprises a transparent support base, an electroluminescent layer superposed on said support base, a plurality of pairs of electrically insulated light-transmissive AC electrodes which are interdigitally mounted on one face of said electroluminescent layer at a predetermined spacing from each other layer, a non-linear ferroelectric capacitance element superposed on the other face of said electroluminescent layer, a photoconductive element having a relatively high dark resistance and superposed on said ferroelectric capacitance layer, a DC electrode made of a light-transmissive material and superposed on said photoconductive element, an AC power source connected between said pairs of AC electrodes for supplying an AC voltage thereto, and a DC power source connected with said DC electrode for supplying a DC voltage thereto, wherein the AC voltage applied to said pairs of AC electrodes causes an alternating current to flow across each pair of adjacent AC electrodes by way of said ferroelectric capacit
  • nonlinear ferroelectric capacitance layer is formed of a layer of ferroelectric ceramics.
  • An electroluminescent device for deriving a bright output image from a dark input image through dielectric amplification of the latter, which device comprises a transparent support base, an electroluminescent layer superposed on said support base, a plurality of pairs of electrically insulated light-transmissive AC electrodes which are interdigitally mounted on one face of said electroluminescent layer at a predetermined spacing from each other, a non-linear ferroelectric capacitance layer superposed on the other face of said electroluminescent layer, an opaque resistance layer mounted on said nonlinear ferroelectric capacitance layer, a plurality of pairs of photoconductive elements having a high dark resistance and mounted on said opaque resistance layer at positions opposite to said AC electrodes, a plurality of electrically insulated DC electrodes mounted respectively on said photoconductive elements, an AC power source connected between said pairs of AC electrodes for supplying an AC voltage thereto, and a DC power source connected between said pairs of DC electrodes for supplying a DC voltage thereto, wherein the AC voltage applied to said pairs of AC electrodes causes
  • non-linear ferroelectric capacitance layer is formed of a layer of ferroelectric ceramics.
  • An electroluminescent device for deriving a bright output image from a dark input image, which device comprises a transparent support base, a electroluminescent layer superposed on said support base, a plurality of pairs of electrically insulated light-transmissive AC electrodes which are interdigitally on one face of said electroluminescent layer at a predetermined spacing from each other, a non-linear resistance layer formed of a thin semiconductor film and superposed on said electroluminescent layer, a plurality of pairs of photoconductive elements having a high dark resistance and mounted on said resistance layer at positions opposite to said AC electrodes, a plurality of electrically insulated DC electrodes mounted on said photoconductive elements, an AC power source connected between said pairs of AC electrodes for supplying an AC voltage thereto, and a DC power source connected with said DC electrodes for supplying a DC voltage thereto, wherein projection of an input image onto said DC electrodes invites a decrease in the resistance of said photoconductive elements, which decrease causes an increase in the voltage across said resistance layer and decrease in the resistance of the same
  • non-linear resistance layer is made of SiC.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Led Devices (AREA)
US587227A 1965-10-25 1966-10-17 Electroluminescent device for deriving a bright output image from a dark input image Expired - Lifetime US3465202A (en)

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JP6585665 1965-10-25
JP3744966 1966-06-08

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FR (1) FR1504729A (pm)
GB (1) GB1169718A (pm)
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3659149A (en) * 1970-11-18 1972-04-25 Energy Conversion Devices Inc Information display panel using amorphous semiconductor layer adjacent optical display material
US4779963A (en) * 1986-05-30 1988-10-25 Gretag Aktiengesellschaft Optical image amplifier apparatus
US12105041B2 (en) * 2021-10-27 2024-10-01 Uif (University Industry Foundation), Yonsei University Ringer solution detection device and detection device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2350049C1 (ru) * 2007-07-16 2009-03-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Ставропольский государственный университет Устройство возбуждения электролюминесценции

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2969481A (en) * 1958-10-03 1961-01-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Display device
US3086143A (en) * 1959-11-19 1963-04-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Display device
US3154720A (en) * 1960-04-29 1964-10-27 Rca Corp Solid state display device
US3243508A (en) * 1963-03-22 1966-03-29 Nuclear Corp Of America Resonance electroluminescent display panel
US3350506A (en) * 1967-10-31 Image forming screen utilizing electroluminescent, ferroelectric and photcconductive materials
US3387271A (en) * 1964-10-26 1968-06-04 Electro Tec Corp Signal distribution system having a voltage variable capacitive distribution layer

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3350506A (en) * 1967-10-31 Image forming screen utilizing electroluminescent, ferroelectric and photcconductive materials
US2969481A (en) * 1958-10-03 1961-01-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Display device
US3086143A (en) * 1959-11-19 1963-04-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Display device
US3154720A (en) * 1960-04-29 1964-10-27 Rca Corp Solid state display device
US3243508A (en) * 1963-03-22 1966-03-29 Nuclear Corp Of America Resonance electroluminescent display panel
US3387271A (en) * 1964-10-26 1968-06-04 Electro Tec Corp Signal distribution system having a voltage variable capacitive distribution layer

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3659149A (en) * 1970-11-18 1972-04-25 Energy Conversion Devices Inc Information display panel using amorphous semiconductor layer adjacent optical display material
US4779963A (en) * 1986-05-30 1988-10-25 Gretag Aktiengesellschaft Optical image amplifier apparatus
US12105041B2 (en) * 2021-10-27 2024-10-01 Uif (University Industry Foundation), Yonsei University Ringer solution detection device and detection device

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FR1504729A (fr) 1967-12-08
DE1564365B2 (de) 1976-01-15
NL6615048A (pm) 1967-04-26
GB1169718A (en) 1969-11-05
NL147006B (nl) 1975-08-15
DE1564365A1 (de) 1969-11-20

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