US3464057A - Spherical directional hydrophone with semispherical magnets - Google Patents

Spherical directional hydrophone with semispherical magnets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3464057A
US3464057A US674238A US3464057DA US3464057A US 3464057 A US3464057 A US 3464057A US 674238 A US674238 A US 674238A US 3464057D A US3464057D A US 3464057DA US 3464057 A US3464057 A US 3464057A
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United States
Prior art keywords
hydrophone
magnetic
shell
semispherical
coil
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Expired - Lifetime
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US674238A
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul F Hayner
Jirair A Babikyan
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Lockheed Corp
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Sanders Associates Inc
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Publication date
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/72—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves

Definitions

  • a hydrophone having a magnetic assembly and a spring-coil assembly movable relative to the fixed magnetic field provided by the magnetic assembly, which spring-coil assembly is driven by sound pressure.
  • the magnetic assembly includes an improved magnetic member including a semispherical shell element forming a portion of the hydrophone housing. The magnetic member provides, within a given hydrophone volume, a maximized flux per unit volume.
  • This invention relates to hydrophones, and more particularly, to a semispherical magnetic member adaptable for use on spherical directional hydrophones.
  • a further problem in the hydrophone art has been the elimination of noise, especially that noise generated by the drag of the hydrophone as it moves through the water or as water flows around a stationary hydrophone.
  • the hydrophone is of the rod or ring type, the noise varies as the flow direction changes because such types do not exhibit the same surface geometry in every direction.
  • the invention is accomplished by a magnetic member having a semispherical shell element with an extension from the central portion of the inner surface of the shell element.
  • the magnetic member is adaptable for use in a hydrophone wherein the semispherical element forms a portion of the hydrophone housing, the hydrophone including a magnetic assembly which includes the magnetic member, and a spring-coil assembly movable in an air gap in the hired States Patent ice magnetic field provided by the magnetic assembly.
  • the spring-coil assembly is driven by sound pressure.
  • FIGURE 1 is an exploded isometric view, with portions of individual parts removed, of a hydrophone according to this invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a sectional view along a plane through the longitudinal axis of the hydrophone showing the magnetic paths;
  • FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of the hydrophone of FIGURES 1 and 2.
  • FIGURE 1 a hydrophone having a left-halfi assembly 10 comprising a mushroom-shaped magnetic member 12 which includes a semispherical shell 14 and cylindrical stem 15 which is preferably formed integrally with the central portion of shell 14. Bores 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26, having their axes parallel to the axis of stem 15, are disposed in shell 14 about the perimeter of stem 15. Bore 28 extending through shell 14 and stem 15 receives a bolt 30 for fastening together the parts of the hydrophone.
  • a left-halfi assembly 10 comprising a mushroom-shaped magnetic member 12 which includes a semispherical shell 14 and cylindrical stem 15 which is preferably formed integrally with the central portion of shell 14. Bores 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26, having their axes parallel to the axis of stem 15, are disposed in shell 14 about the perimeter of stem 15. Bore 28 extending through shell 14 and stem 15 receives a bolt 30 for fastening together the parts of the hydrophone.
  • a clamping ring 32 is positioned against the outer elements 36 of an S-spring 38 and a spacer 40 is positioned against the other side of S-spring 38.
  • the three elements (32, 38, 40) are positioned against the ridge 56 of a ferromagnetic outer pole disc 52 and secured thereto by a plurality of fastening screws (not shown) forming a subassembly.
  • Three curved fingers 42, 44 and 46 suspend inner element 48 of spring 38 from outer element 36.
  • a coil spacing ring 50 is cemented to the side of inner element 48 toward spacer 40.
  • the subassembly including clamping ring 32, S-spring 38, spacer 40 and outer pole disc 52 is so dimensioned that the outer perimeter 54 of ridge 56 of outer pole disc 52 fits snugly into the rim 34 of shell 14.
  • Right-half assembly 60 contains similar components, designated by primed numbers of their left-half assembly counterparts, and assembled in a similar manner; bores 16', 18', 20', 22', 24', and 26' in assembly 60 are not visible.
  • Central bore 62 in outer pole disc 52 receives a ferromagnetic inner pole disc 64, which is mounted between the ends of stems 15 and 15' and may be cemented to either or both of them.
  • a central bore 66 in disc 64 receives bolt 30.
  • the outer perimeter of disc 64 is suflicient- 1y less than the inner perimeter of bore 62 in disc 52 so that an annular air gap 68 is formed between them.
  • Coil 70 having its edges 72 and 72' cemented to rings 50 and 50' respectively, is positioned in air gap 68 for axial movement relative to the outside diameter of inner pole disc 64, and the inside diameter 62 of outer pole 52.
  • shells 14 and 14' provide annular chambers 76 and 76' in a spherical configuration which functions as the hydrophone housing.
  • the hydrophone requires no additional housing a substantial excess volume is eliminated. And because the housing provided byshells 14, 14' is spherical the flow resistance is minimal and, more importantly, is uniform regardless of the direction of relative motion of the water and hydrophone so that noise caused by fluid flow around the hydrophone may be easily filtered out of the signal generated in coil 70.
  • a pair of magnetizing coil assemblies 80, 80' having leads protruding at 82, 82' from shells 14, 14', may be inserted within annular chambers 76 and 7 6' around stems 15, 15', respectively.
  • the mganetizing coils may be potted and cemented to the walls of the chambers.
  • coils 80 and 80' may be energized to produce a strong magnetic field in their respective portions of the hydrophone. Then the coils may be deenergized and their leads 82, 82' clipped.
  • the magnetic field created by coil assembly 80 extends, as indicated by arrows in FIGURE 2, through stem to disc 64, radially outward from 'disc 64 through air gap 68, coil 70 and disc 52, and then through shell 14 back to stem 15.
  • the field created by coil 80' similarly extends through correspondingly numbered primed components.
  • the magnets in these magnetic circuits may be made of Alnico-S and none of the components or cements in the magnetic circuit should be of a composition that would interfere with the efiiciency of the device.
  • shells 14 and 14' provides a maximum of magnetic material effective for conducting a confined magnetic field within a given hydrophone volume: the array of magnetic paths provided is not limited to one dimension or axis but is provided over a full three hundred and sixty degrees between the rim and the central portion of the shell.
  • the fluid In operation, with the assembled, magnetized hydrophone immersed in a fluid, the fluid completely surrounds the hydrophone and fills chambers 76 and 76'.
  • the coinpression waves produced by the vibration are vented through bores 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 to chamber 76 varying the pressure therein.
  • the hydrophone is directional, the output of coil 70 is a function of the cosine of the angle between its axis and the direction of the sound.
  • Springs 38 and 38' act together and restrain the motion of coil 70 due to pressure variations. That is, coil 7 0 responds to pressure variations and springs 38 and 38 respond to coil motion by exerting restoring force.
  • Tli'us coil 70 is driven to and fro in air gap 68 in response to sound pressure variation and as a result of its movement in the magnetic field in air gap 68, provides a signal which is a function of the cosine of the angle between the axis of the hydrophone which is the same as the axis of c'oil motion and the direction of motion of the sound source.
  • Output leads from coil 70 may be connected to any suitable electronic apparatus, for signal analysis.
  • semispherical shells and mushroom-shaped magnets may be used in apparatus other than a hydrophone, and that the specific embodiment described may be operative using only one mushroom-shaped magnet.
  • a spherical hydrophone comprising:
  • said means responsive being positioned within said magnetic gap.
  • said spherical magnetic shell includes two hemispherical members
  • said means for forming a magnetic gap includes first and second magnetic cylindrical elements, one extending from a center portion of the inner surface of each said hemispherical members respectively toward the center of said spherical magnetic shell, a ferromagnetic inner disc coupled to said cylindrical element, and a ferromagnetic outer disc bisecting said spherical magnetic shell member and having a centralized aperture in which said inner disc is positioned.
  • a spherical hydrophone comprising:
  • a second ferromagnetic member connecting said first and second hemispherical shell members said second ferromagnetic member having an aperture therein in which said first ferromagnetic member is positioned
  • first vent means extending through said first hemispherical shell member in the direction of the axis of said first magnetic member and adjacent to one end of said first ferromagnetic member
  • first and second magnetic members include a first and a second cylindrical element, each extending to the center of a spherical magnetic shell formed by said hemispherical members.
  • said first and second vent means each include a plurality of holes circularly arranged about the axis of said magnetic members.
  • said driven means further includes two resilient elements located on opposite sides of said second ferromagnetic member.
  • a hydrophone comprising:
  • a second ferromagnetic member having a central aperture for receiving said first ferromagnetic member surrounded by an air gap, said second ferromagnetic member extending radially outward to the rim of said shell member,
  • a magnetic member including a semispherical magnetic shell element forming a portion of the hydrophone housing, and'a second element extending from the central portion of the inner surface of said shell element, said member providing within a given hydrophone volume a maximized flux per unit volume.
  • a mushroom shaped magnetic member adaptable for use in a hydrophone comprising a permanent magnet semispherical shell providing a maximized flux per unit volume, the magnetic paths thereof extending between the center and the rim of said shell and a permanent magnet stem element extending from the central portion of the inner surface of said shell.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
US674238A 1967-10-10 1967-10-10 Spherical directional hydrophone with semispherical magnets Expired - Lifetime US3464057A (en)

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US67423867A 1967-10-10 1967-10-10

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GB (1) GB1234437A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4602245A (en) * 1983-04-29 1986-07-22 Ensco, Inc. General purpose modular acoustic signal generator
US5206839A (en) * 1990-08-30 1993-04-27 Bolt Beranek And Newman Inc. Underwater sound source
US5266854A (en) * 1990-08-30 1993-11-30 Bolt Beranek And Newman Inc. Electromagnetic transducer
WO2012007742A3 (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-11-01 Subsea Asset Location Technologies Limited Acoustic reflectors
US20140302741A1 (en) * 2013-01-03 2014-10-09 Jeffrey Blane Whittaker Magnetic Panel System
US9576713B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2017-02-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Variable reluctance transducers
US20180190255A1 (en) * 2015-06-26 2018-07-05 Underwater Communications & Navigation Laboratory (Limited Liability Company) Hydroacoustic device

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106683822B (zh) * 2016-11-02 2021-10-29 中国电力科学研究院 一种大容量环形储能磁体的真空壳体
CN111521254B (zh) * 2020-04-14 2022-03-18 哈尔滨工程大学 适用于波浪滑翔器的低噪声水听器基元

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2424549A (en) * 1943-07-14 1947-07-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Submarine signal detector or receiver
US2565158A (en) * 1947-08-11 1951-08-21 Brush Dev Co Hydraulic electromechanical transducer
US2939970A (en) * 1954-12-03 1960-06-07 Gulton Ind Inc Spherical transducer
US2966656A (en) * 1956-08-02 1960-12-27 Claude R Bigbie Spherical electro-acoustic transducer with internal heater
US3100291A (en) * 1960-10-25 1963-08-06 Frank R Abbott Underwater loudspeaker
US3221296A (en) * 1960-01-21 1965-11-30 Allen R Milne Spherical hydrophone
US3308423A (en) * 1963-12-30 1967-03-07 Dynamics Corp America Electroacoustic transducer

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2424549A (en) * 1943-07-14 1947-07-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Submarine signal detector or receiver
US2565158A (en) * 1947-08-11 1951-08-21 Brush Dev Co Hydraulic electromechanical transducer
US2939970A (en) * 1954-12-03 1960-06-07 Gulton Ind Inc Spherical transducer
US2966656A (en) * 1956-08-02 1960-12-27 Claude R Bigbie Spherical electro-acoustic transducer with internal heater
US3221296A (en) * 1960-01-21 1965-11-30 Allen R Milne Spherical hydrophone
US3100291A (en) * 1960-10-25 1963-08-06 Frank R Abbott Underwater loudspeaker
US3308423A (en) * 1963-12-30 1967-03-07 Dynamics Corp America Electroacoustic transducer

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4602245A (en) * 1983-04-29 1986-07-22 Ensco, Inc. General purpose modular acoustic signal generator
US5206839A (en) * 1990-08-30 1993-04-27 Bolt Beranek And Newman Inc. Underwater sound source
US5266854A (en) * 1990-08-30 1993-11-30 Bolt Beranek And Newman Inc. Electromagnetic transducer
WO2012007742A3 (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-11-01 Subsea Asset Location Technologies Limited Acoustic reflectors
GB2494829A (en) * 2010-07-16 2013-03-20 Subsea Asset Location Tech Ltd Acoustic reflectors
GB2494829B (en) * 2010-07-16 2014-05-07 Subsea Asset Location Tech Ltd Acoustic reflectors
US8910743B2 (en) 2010-07-16 2014-12-16 Subsea Asset Location Technologies Limited Acoustic Reflectors
US20140302741A1 (en) * 2013-01-03 2014-10-09 Jeffrey Blane Whittaker Magnetic Panel System
US9576713B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2017-02-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Variable reluctance transducers
US20180190255A1 (en) * 2015-06-26 2018-07-05 Underwater Communications & Navigation Laboratory (Limited Liability Company) Hydroacoustic device
US11257472B2 (en) * 2015-06-26 2022-02-22 Underwater Communications & Navigation Laboratory (Limited Liability Company) Hydroacoustic device

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Publication number Publication date
GB1234437A (de) 1971-06-03

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