US34640A - Improved mode of electroplating steel wire for piano-strings and other purposes - Google Patents
Improved mode of electroplating steel wire for piano-strings and other purposes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US34640A US34640A US34640DA US34640A US 34640 A US34640 A US 34640A US 34640D A US34640D A US 34640DA US 34640 A US34640 A US 34640A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- solution
- strings
- silver
- steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 30
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 32
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 28
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 10
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 8
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001254 electrum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010940 green gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000658540 Ora Species 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010946 fine silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
Definitions
- My invention consists, essentially, in a process for protecting against rust all kinds-of steel music-wire, as well as wire to be wound upon music-wire, and 'all other kinds of metallic Wire, (whatever their name may be,) liable to rust, by which process the music-wire not only keeps its handsome and full tune, but not being seized by rust or oxidation, is also not so easily broken 'off, and instruments stringed with such wire keep their tuning better and longer.
- the base consisting of a copper oxide containing a carbonate dissolved in awatery solution of carbonate of potash and cyanide'of potassium.
- this base takes five pounds of vitriol of copper (blue vitriol) and dissolve it in ten pints of water. I then take five pounds of car- Donate of potash and dissolve it in ten pints of water.
- a cona solution is to be prepared in a copper or iron kettle over wood or coal fire, consisting of fifteen pints of water, five pounds of cyanide of potassium, and five pounds of carbonate of potash. This solution is to be heated to boiling, when the above-preparedcopper oxide is tobe poured in.
- Another sign of perfect fitness of the above solution is that-when a smooth piece of zinc is put in for a few moments it must appear covered with a nice copper coat.
- the drawing here annexed shows an oblongvessel conveniently large, made of wood or stone, into which is to be poured the above-described base solution.
- this vessel On one sideot' this vessel a small piece of fine copper called anode is suspended on platina wire, whereby it is brought in connection with the negative pole of a galvanic battery consisting of a requisite number of elements.
- the steelwire, or the wire as ordinarily made, is wound upon the wooden rolliA, whence it passes over the roll a, which may be of brass or some other metal, and under the two rolls -cc,where it is immersed into the fluid,through which it is drawn.
- the brass roll a over which the wire is running, being in connection with the positive pole of the battery and the anode d, which hangs on a platina wire at one side of the vessel into the fluid (base) beiu g onthe contrary in connection with the negative pole of the same galvanic battery, the galvanizing or copperin g of the wire takes place in very quick manner, and the wire that at the roll A has been steel-grey appears on the roll B covered with copper, constituting in such state a new article of manufacture and trade named coppered-steel music-wire.
- This silver solution is made "in the following manner: In a' china vessel half an ounceof silver is to be dissolved in one ounce and a half .of aqua fortis, and the whole thinned with one pint of water in order to increase the volume- This done, a second solution is to be made of one-quarter pound of ordinary salt in one pint ofwater. The said solution or salt-water is to be poured slowly into the first until .a precipitate is being formed. The fluid standin g over that precipitate is to be decanted and the white precipitate washed several times inclear water.
- a third solution is now to be madeof four ounces of cyanide of potassium in two pints of water, and the precipitate before obtained mixed with this third fluid produces the white and crystalline silver solution.
- the wire already covered with the base 'or coppered, is now wound upon the roll A, from whence it is run over the brass roll a, which is in connection with the positive pole of a battery. It thenpasses down under the two rolls 0 c, and is drawn through the fluid into which the silver anode above mentioned is suspended over the roll I), and under the two rolls :0 .r it enters another vessel filled with water, where it is washed. Beingdried and cleaned, it is wound upon the roll B in bundles and sold as silvered-steel music-wire.
- Gilded steel music-wire is produced thus: A five-dollar gold coin is dissolved in the seven times its weight of aqua regia, and the solution thus obtained is evaporated in a'china vessel over wood fire. By thus proceeding chloride of gold is obtained. This done, two ounces and a half of cyanide of potassium are dissolved in two pints of water, and the above chloride of gold is added. The gold solution is now ready. As anode a piece of fine gold is used, which, by means of platina wire, is suspended upon one side or" the vessel. The manipulation is the same as that before mentioned, and the steel music-wire is gilded.
- Steel nmsic-wire covered with brass is produced as follows: Take five pints of the above base solution. In five pints of water are dissolved two pounds of cyanide of potassium, and thelatter solution is poured into the first said base reduced with water. "To this mixture is added half a pound oxide of zinc, and when all is dissolved the fiuid is ready. The manipulation is thesame as above. The steel wire is wound upon the roll A anddrawn. through the fluid, as above described, with the difference that a piece of. brass is used as anode.
- I include all com positions, whatever their name may be, only for every chosen anode a solution convenlent to it is to be applied to-viz., first, the anode being bronze, (copper and tin,) the solution mustconsist of one pound of a carbonate'of copper oxide in ten pints of water and five pounds of cyanide of potash, to which is ad ded two pints of the before-mentioned tin so lution second, the anode being gold and silver, (green gold,) the following solution is to be applied to: ten parts of the above-named gold solution and one part of the above-indieated silver solution; third, the anode being a composition of gold, silver, and copper, ten
Description
M. MILLER, Jr ELECTROPLATING STEEL WIRE FOR PIANO STRINGS, &0.
No. 34,640. Patented. Mar. 11, 1862.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
MARTIN. MILLER, JR, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA.
IMPROVED MODE 0F ELECTROPLATING STEEL WIRE FOR PIANO-STRINGS AND OTHER PURPOSES.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 34,640, dated March 11, 1862.
To all whom it may concern:
' Be it known that I, MARTIN MILLER, of Vifacture of Metallic Music-Wire; and I hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing,- forms a full, clear, and exact description. of the same.
My invention consists, essentially, in a process for protecting against rust all kinds-of steel music-wire, as well as wire to be wound upon music-wire, and 'all other kinds of metallic Wire, (whatever their name may be,) liable to rust, by which process the music-wire not only keeps its handsome and full tune, but not being seized by rust or oxidation, is also not so easily broken 'off, and instruments stringed with such wire keep their tuning better and longer.
It is well known that all music-wire had hitherto the same fate as iron or steel. It is readily attacked by humidity, or is liable to get rusty by the active influence of the atmospherical oxygen, and this rust produces the disadvantageous effect that the music-wire loses its beautiful tune, and getting thinner on its rusted parts keeps but badly its tuning, and
is soon broken oti'. This defect occurs very often to instruments in towns or places where the air is wet by the influence of great waters in the neighborhood. 0n instruments trans ported over sea this defect of string-rusting appears in an excessive degree. At Venice, for instance, there is a large number of pianofortes with rusted strings, and if a'handsometuned instrument is wanted it is necessary to change strings every five years; but this changing strings is not only hurtful to the instrument itself, but also disadvantageous for the tune-holding.
The process or the method by which the above disadvantage is entirely removed is as follows:
Before all is to be prepared the base, consisting of a copper oxide containing a carbonate dissolved in awatery solution of carbonate of potash and cyanide'of potassium. In order to prepare this base, take five pounds of vitriol of copper (blue vitriol) and dissolve it in ten pints of water. I then take five pounds of car- Donate of potash and dissolve it in ten pints of water. To prevent the overflowing a cona solution is to be prepared in a copper or iron kettle over wood or coal fire, consisting of fifteen pints of water, five pounds of cyanide of potassium, and five pounds of carbonate of potash. This solution is to be heated to boiling, when the above-preparedcopper oxide is tobe poured in. This mixture is to be left boiling uninterruptedly until strong'ammonia cal vapors are rising from it. At this moment the boiler is to be taken away from the fire and allowed to cool. N ow the base is ready and fit for my'purpose. The liquid, if properly prepared, is of a white-yellowish color. In case the blue prevail more cyanide ofpotassium is to be added until the blue color shall have entirely vanished.
Another sign of perfect fitness of the above solution is that-when a smooth piece of zinc is put in for a few moments it must appear covered with a nice copper coat.
The preparation of the above base is one essential feature of my new method. Until' now it is nowhere in use, and especially not yet employed on steel music-wire, steel or iron wire to be wound upon music-wire, or other I metallic wires subjected to rust or oxidation and it is the'app'lication of the solution prepared as hereinabove set forth that I wish to be considered as my exclusive property. The ingredients used have been indicated quantitively, and the proportions given are, to my knowledge, the best; nevertheless I do not limit myself to precisely these proportions.
Having thus prepared the base, I next proceed as follows: The drawing here annexed shows an oblongvessel conveniently large, made of wood or stone, into which is to be poured the above-described base solution. On one sideot' this vessel a small piece of fine copper called anode is suspended on platina wire, whereby it is brought in connection with the negative pole of a galvanic battery consisting of a requisite number of elements. The steelwire, or the wire as ordinarily made, is wound upon the wooden rolliA, whence it passes over the roll a, which may be of brass or some other metal, and under the two rolls -cc,where it is immersed into the fluid,through which it is drawn. It then runs over the wooden roll I), from which it is caused to enter the wa ter in the second vessel by means of the two rolls .r 00. At f it is cleaned and dried with a piece of cloth, and finally reaches the roll B, upon which it is wound in bundles. The brass roll a, over which the wire is running, being in connection with the positive pole of the battery and the anode d, which hangs on a platina wire at one side of the vessel into the fluid (base) beiu g onthe contrary in connection with the negative pole of the same galvanic battery, the galvanizing or copperin g of the wire takes place in very quick manner, and the wire that at the roll A has been steel-grey appears on the roll B covered with copper, constituting in such state a new article of manufacture and trade named coppered-steel music-wire.
In ordertoproducesilvered steelmusic-wire, orsilveredwire to be wound uponmusic-wire, the arrangement is the same, with the difl'erence thatthe anode is a piece of fine silver,
and is suspended within a silver solution. This silver solution is made "in the following manner: In a' china vessel half an ounceof silver is to be dissolved in one ounce and a half .of aqua fortis, and the whole thinned with one pint of water in order to increase the volume- This done, a second solution is to be made of one-quarter pound of ordinary salt in one pint ofwater. The said solution or salt-water is to be poured slowly into the first until .a precipitate is being formed. The fluid standin g over that precipitate is to be decanted and the white precipitate washed several times inclear water. A third solution is now to be madeof four ounces of cyanide of potassium in two pints of water, and the precipitate before obtained mixed with this third fluid produces the white and crystalline silver solution. The wire, already covered with the base 'or coppered, is now wound upon the roll A, from whence it is run over the brass roll a, which is in connection with the positive pole of a battery. It thenpasses down under the two rolls 0 c, and is drawn through the fluid into which the silver anode above mentioned is suspended over the roll I), and under the two rolls :0 .r it enters another vessel filled with water, where it is washed. Beingdried and cleaned, it is wound upon the roll B in bundles and sold as silvered-steel music-wire.
Gilded steel music-wire is produced thus: A five-dollar gold coin is dissolved in the seven times its weight of aqua regia, and the solution thus obtained is evaporated in a'china vessel over wood fire. By thus proceeding chloride of gold is obtained. This done, two ounces and a half of cyanide of potassium are dissolved in two pints of water, and the above chloride of gold is added. The gold solution is now ready. As anode a piece of fine gold is used, which, by means of platina wire, is suspended upon one side or" the vessel. The manipulation is the same as that before mentioned, and the steel music-wire is gilded.
Steel nmsic-wire covered with brass is produced as follows: Take five pints of the above base solution. In five pints of water are dissolved two pounds of cyanide of potassium, and thelatter solution is poured into the first said base reduced with water. "To this mixture is added half a pound oxide of zinc, and when all is dissolved the fiuid is ready. The manipulation is thesame as above. The steel wire is wound upon the roll A anddrawn. through the fluid, as above described, with the difference that a piece of. brass is used as anode.
Covering steel musicwire with tin requires the following'proceeding: One pound of tin oxide is. dissolved in ten pints of water by boiling this mixture in a sutficiently largeenameled iron vessel over coal or wood fire. While boiling add by degrees two pounds of carbonate of potash. As soon as the latter is dissolved two pounds of cyanide of potassium are thrown in, and the whole left boiling until all is perfectly dissolved. [After being cooled the mixture is ready. To'tin 'steel-music-wire the same above-mentioned proceeding is applied to. The anode is a piece of tin.
' At all manipulationsthe quantitive proportions hav'e be'en' given 'onaccount-of their being'the best; but I do notlifmit myself to them.
. From the manipulationsherein-above mentioned it followsthat- .in; order to cover steel music-wire with;copper,silver, gold, brass, tin, &c.,, anodes of copper, silver, gold, brass, tin, as, are immersed into a solution convenient to these anodes, and that this plunging of the anodes into the convenient fluid for the purpose of galvanizing steel music-wire, combined with the two poles of the battery, is the new methodwhich I desire to be considered as my exclusive property.
To execute this my invention I do not operate with anodes of the above-mentioned met a-ls only, but I also use their several compounds-via, bronze (copper and tin) ora' composition of gold, silver, and copper. Furthermore,a composition of gold and silver, known as green gold,-and aconiposition of silverand copper. In short, I include all com positions, whatever their name may be, only for every chosen anode a solution convenlent to it is to be applied to-viz., first, the anode being bronze, (copper and tin,) the solution mustconsist of one pound of a carbonate'of copper oxide in ten pints of water and five pounds of cyanide of potash, to which is ad ded two pints of the before-mentioned tin so lution second, the anode being gold and silver, (green gold,) the following solution is to be applied to: ten parts of the above-named gold solution and one part of the above-indieated silver solution; third, the anode being a composition of gold, silver, and copper, ten
' parts of the above gold solution, ten parts of the abovecopper solution, andone part of the above silver solution are to be taken; fourth, the anodebeing a} composition of silver and copper, ten parts of the above silver solution and one part of the ahovecopper solution are to be taken.
Having thus fully described my improvements, what Iclaimas my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
The production of, steel or other music-wire provided with a copper, silver, gold, or other metallic coating, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.
In testimony whereof Ihave signed my name to this specificotion'hefore two subscribing witnesses.
MARTIN MILLER, SOHN.
Witnesses:- I
J our: KRETSGHMER, TG. RAITIL
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US34640A true US34640A (en) | 1862-03-11 |
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ID=2104222
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US34640D Expired - Lifetime US34640A (en) | Improved mode of electroplating steel wire for piano-strings and other purposes |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6028147A (en) * | 1997-09-25 | 2000-02-22 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Block copolymer, process for producing the same and resin composition of the same |
US6102939A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 2000-08-15 | Corvita Corporation | Method of implanting biostable elastomeric polymers having quaternary carbons |
US20060116711A1 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-01 | Elliott Christopher J | Embolic coils |
-
0
- US US34640D patent/US34640A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6102939A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 2000-08-15 | Corvita Corporation | Method of implanting biostable elastomeric polymers having quaternary carbons |
US6028147A (en) * | 1997-09-25 | 2000-02-22 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Block copolymer, process for producing the same and resin composition of the same |
US20060116711A1 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-01 | Elliott Christopher J | Embolic coils |
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