US3463652A - Article and method of coating continuous filament - Google Patents

Article and method of coating continuous filament Download PDF

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Publication number
US3463652A
US3463652A US757185A US3463652DA US3463652A US 3463652 A US3463652 A US 3463652A US 757185 A US757185 A US 757185A US 3463652D A US3463652D A US 3463652DA US 3463652 A US3463652 A US 3463652A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fiber
coating
filament
denier
filaments
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Expired - Lifetime
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US757185A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph Collichio Whitesel
Stanley Norman Weissman
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WR Grace and Co
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WR Grace and Co
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/32—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/322—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements the preformed parts being elongated inserts, e.g. cables
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/227—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/04—Processes in which the treating agent is applied in the form of a foam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/298—Physical dimension

Definitions

  • the disclosed invention is for a continuous strand or filament having the ability to hold knots which includes an oriented poly (alpha-olefin) fiber having a specified tenacity and formed of a plurality of filaments having a denier from about 25 to about 1,200; and a foamed thermoplastic coating disposed about the oriented poly (alphaolefin) fiber.
  • the thermoplastic coating has an outer diameter of from about 25 to about 1,000 mils and is formed of a foamed themoplastic having a specific gravity of from about 0.1 to about 0.7 and having a melting point below the melting point of the oriented poly (alpha olefin) fiber.
  • the filament is formed by extruding a foam coating on pretensioned fibers, cooling the coating and releasing the tension on the fibers.
  • This invention relates to a novel foam covered fiber and to a process for preparing same.
  • a further object is to provide a coated fiber which has the ability to hold knots.
  • a still further object it to provide a simple and inexpensive process for coating a fiber.
  • the present invention provides a continuous strand or filament havinga diameter of from about 25 to about 1,000 mils and comprising an oriented poly (alpha-olefin) fiber coated p CC with a foam of a thermoplastic having a melting point below the melting point of poly (alpha-olefin); the said fiber comprising at least two filaments having a denier of from about 25 to about 1,200 and the said foam having a specific gravity of from about 0.1 to about 0.7.
  • the continuous strand or filament has a diameter of from about 35 to about 750 mils, the individual filaments have a denier of from about 40 to about 600 and the foam has a specific gravity of from about 0.15 to about 0.6. In a still more preferred embodiment, the continuous strand or filament has a diameter of from about 50 to about 5-00 mils, the individual fibers have a denier of from about 50 to about 300 and the foam has specific gravity of from about 0.2 to about 0.5.
  • the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a foam coated fiber which comprises applying stress to an original poly (alpha-olefin) fiber having a denier of from about 25 to about 1,200, applying a coating of a molten thermoplastic containing a blowing agent at a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent and below the melting point of said fiber, cooling the coating and thereafter removing the stress from the fiber.
  • continuous merely signifies a unitary structure which has two dimensions which are very small as compared to the third dimension (length). It is synonomous with the term mom-filament as employed in the textile field.
  • oriented is generally used as in the textile field to mean a structure which has been stretched to orient or axially align the molecules.
  • the degree of orientation will depend upon the amount of stretch imparted to the filament prior to the coating procedure and it will, in general, be that of a fiber stretched from about 3 X to about 12X its normal length at a temperature of 260 F.
  • the material is stretched from about 6X to about 9X its normal length at 260 F.
  • the term oriented is applied to a stressed fiber having a tenacity in the range of about 4 to about 12 grams per denier and preferably in the range of about 7 to about 10 grams per denier.
  • An original fiber may be one having a tenacity of about 0.5 grams per denier.
  • the poly (alpha-olefin) utilized in the present invention are polymers from one or more alpha-olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butene-l and the like.
  • the polymers are high density polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • the preparation of such polymers are given in U.S. Patents 2,825,721; 2,911,304; 3,006,829; 3,062,801 and 3,- 078,250 and others.
  • the term coated signifies that the fibers in the central portion of the filament are completely enclosed within the foam.
  • the expression thermoplastic designates any polymer which becomes soft and melts with heating.
  • a particularly preferred thermoplastic is low density polyethylene although high density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and other thermoplastics are likewise operable. The only requirement for the thermoplastic is that it melts below the melting point of the poly (alpha-olefin) fiber and that it have a sufficiently high melting point so as to expand the blowing agent employed.
  • blowing agent is used in its conventional sense to mean any material suitable for incorporation into plastic to form bubbles therein by the application of heat, reduction in pressure and the like as is known in the art.
  • suitable blowing agents which may be used in the practice of the present invention are gases such as nitrogen or the very volatile liquid fluorocarbons such :as l,2-dichlorotetrafiuoroethane and the like.
  • the more preferred blowing agents are the chemical agents which decompose with the liberation of a gas as one of the decomposition products.
  • Such materials include barium azodicarboxate, 4,4-oxybis (benzenesulfonylhydrazide), bis-benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 4,4-oxybis (benzenesulfonyl semicarbazide), dinitrosopentamethylene-tetramine, trihydrazino-syn.-triazine, and 1,l-azobisformamide.
  • Other blowing agents are disclosed in US. Patents 2,532,243; 2,804,435; 2,819,231; 2,927,904; 2,948,664 and others.
  • a particularly preferred blowing agent is 4,4-oxybis(benzenesulfonylhydroazide).
  • blowing agent in the plastic is not critical, it is generally desirable to employ from about 0.05 to about by weight, based on the weight of the polymer, when the blowing agent is a chemical blowing agent. Preferably, from about 0.2 to about 6% by weight of blowing agent is employed.
  • FIGURE 1 is a side view of the foamed continuous strand or filament produced in accordance with the present invention in which a portion of the foam coating is cut away to show the fiber in the interior of the filament;
  • FIGURE 2 shows an enlarged cross section of the foamed product produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • fiber 1 in the interior of the strand or filament is completely covered with foam coating 2.
  • the foamed coating allows the filament to be firmly knotted without slipping.
  • Example 1 A foamable coating mixture is prepared by dry blending a polyethylene homopolymer having a specific gravity of 0.920 and a melt index of 3.0, with 2% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer, or 4,4-oxybis(benzenesulfonylhydrazide) for 10 minutes in a double cone blender.
  • a commercial oriented (8X at 260 F.) polypropylene fiber containing 12 ends of 50 denier per end (total denier 600) is extrusion coated with the foamable mixture.
  • the extrusion coating is carried out using a Sterling 1 /2" diameter extruder with a Davis Standard cross head die for wire coating.
  • the extruder conditions are as follows:
  • Extruder temp., F., Zone 1 303 Extruder temp., F., Zone 2 321 Head temp., F., Zone 3 277 Die temp., F., Zone 4 273 Screw speed, r.p.m. 40 Head pressure, p.s.i 1700 Coating speed, f.p.m. 128
  • the resulting coated filament has a diameter of 100 mils and the specific gravity of the foam jacket is 0.6 g./cc.
  • the break strength of the coated filament is pounds and it is suitable for tying small packages or for decorative purposes if the coating is colored.
  • Example 2 A foamable coating mixture is prepared by dry blending a polyethylene homopolymer having a specific gravity of 0.920, and a melt index of 3.0 with 4% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer, of 4,4-oxybis(benzenesulfonylhydrazide) for 10 minutes in a double cone blender.
  • a commercial oriented (8X at 250 F.) polypropylene fiber containing 128 ends of 70 denier per end (total denier 8,960) is extrusion coated with the foamable mixture.
  • the extrusion coating is carried out using a Sterling 1 /2" diameter extruder with a Davis Standard cross head die for wire coating.
  • the extruder conditions are as follows:
  • the resulting coated filament has a diameter of 136 mils and a specific gravity of 0.9460 g./-cc.
  • the specific gravity of the foam jacket is 0.43 g./cc.
  • the break strength of the filament is 140 pounds and it is suitable for use as binder twine. Unlike the uncoated fiber, the coated filaments knots easily and the the knots are retained up to the break strength of the filament.
  • Example 3 The procedure of Example 2 is repeated with the exception that the polypropylene fiber is replaced with an oriented polyethylene fiber having 12 ends of 50 denier per end (total denier 600).
  • the polyethylene fiber is formed of polyethylene homopolymer having a specific gravity of 0.960 and a melt index of 0.2.
  • Example 4 The procedure of Example 2 is repeated with the exception that 1% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer, of phythalocyanine green is dry blended with the ingredients of the foamable mixture.
  • the product is the same as that in Example 2 with the exception that it is colored green.
  • Example 5 The product of Example 2 is repeated with the exception that a mixture of blowing agents are employed in the foamable mixture and an increased quantity of blowing agent is used.
  • the mixed blowing agent is 2% by weight, 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonylhydrazide) and 2% by weight of azodicarbonamide.
  • Example 6 Extruder temp., F., Zone 1 302 Extruder temp., F., Zone 2 325 Head temp., F., Zone 3 269 Die temp., F., Zone 4 277 Screw speed, r.p.m. 60 Head pressure, p.s.i 750 Coating speed, f.p.m. 720
  • the resulting coated filament has a diameter of 100 mils and the specific gravity of the foam jacket is 0.5 g./cc.
  • the break strength of the coated filament is 18 pounds and it is suitable for tying small packages.
  • N N N N N Q Q h a U Q Q Q is a Q 2 0 Q a Q Q a 430 470 500 500 500 23 1, 500 99 650 52 0. 5 650 750 30 500 260 y 3-hole 799/3 9. 4 5. 4 430 470 500 500 500 22 1, 500 90 810 53 0. 5 650 750 60 500 260 6% 594/ 10. 1 7. 7 430 470 500 500 500 22 1, 600 85 800 51 0. 5 800 900 60 500 260 536/10 10. 7 8. 9
  • the products produced in accordance with the present invention can be employed wherever twines, cords, ropes or the like are presently used.
  • a continuous strand having the ability to hold knots which comprises:
  • an oriented poly(alpha-olefin) fiber having a tenacity in the range from about 4 to about 12 grams per denier and imparted by stretching an original fiber, said oriented poly(alpha-olefin) fiber formed of a plurality of filaments, said filaments having a denier from about to about 1,200 and (b) a foamed thermoplastic coating disposed about said oriented poly(alpha-olefin) fiber, said thermoplastic coating having an outer diameter of from about 25 to about 1,000 mils and formed of a foamed thermoplastic having a specific gravity of from about 0.1 to about 0.7 and having a melting point below the melting point of said oriented poly- (alpha-olefin) fiber.
  • the continuous strand of claim 1 wherein the denier of the filaments is from about 40 to about 600; the outer diameter of the foamed thermoplastic coating is from about 35 to about 750 mils; and the foamed thermoplastic specific gravity is from about 0.15 to about 0.6.
  • a process for the preparation of a continuous strand having the ability to hold knots which comprises:
  • the denier of the filaments is from about 40 to about 600; the outer diameter of the foamed thermoplastic coating is from about 35 to about 750 mils; and the foamed thermoplastic specific gravity is from about 0.2 to about 0.5.
  • the denier of the filaments is from about 50 to about 300; the outer diameter of the foamed thermoplastic coating is from about 50 to about 500 mils; and the foamed thermoplastic specific gravity is from about 0.2 to about 0.5.
  • the filaments are a plurality of oriented polypropylene fibers each having a denier of from about 50 to about 300; the molten thermoplastic is a polyethylene polymer; and the blowing agent is 4,4-oxybis (benzenesulfonylhydrazide).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US757185A 1965-10-12 1968-08-05 Article and method of coating continuous filament Expired - Lifetime US3463652A (en)

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US49504965A 1965-10-12 1965-10-12
US75718568A 1968-08-05 1968-08-05

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3847156A (en) * 1972-07-17 1974-11-12 Sherwood Medical Ind Inc Suture
US4010308A (en) * 1953-05-04 1977-03-01 Wiczer Sol B Filled porous coated fiber
US4297413A (en) * 1977-07-27 1981-10-27 Kureha Kugaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Concentric composite conjugate yarns and a process for manufacturing same
US4543286A (en) * 1982-03-19 1985-09-24 Allied Corporation Composite containing coated extended chain polyolefin fibers
US4563392A (en) * 1982-03-19 1986-01-07 Allied Corporation Coated extended chain polyolefin fiber
US4770915A (en) * 1985-12-09 1988-09-13 Fuji Standard Research Inc. Flexible composite material and process for preparing same
US5032456A (en) * 1987-09-11 1991-07-16 Newell Operating Company Microcellular synthetic paintbrush bristles
US5498468A (en) * 1994-09-23 1996-03-12 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Fabrics composed of ribbon-like fibrous material and method to make the same
US6057024A (en) * 1997-10-31 2000-05-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Composite elastic material with ribbon-shaped filaments
US6642429B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2003-11-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Personal care articles with reduced polymer fibers

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2835927A (en) * 1953-05-07 1958-05-27 Western Electric Co Methods of producing cellular plastics
US2862282A (en) * 1954-12-27 1958-12-02 Soo Valley Company Fly casting line with tapered cellular waterproof plastic coating
US3068532A (en) * 1958-12-09 1962-12-18 Union Carbide Corp Method of preparing insulated electrical conductors
US3244545A (en) * 1961-05-10 1966-04-05 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Cellular resins reinforced with siliceous material
US3327339A (en) * 1965-03-15 1967-06-27 Jerome H Lemelson Composite filaments

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2835927A (en) * 1953-05-07 1958-05-27 Western Electric Co Methods of producing cellular plastics
US2862282A (en) * 1954-12-27 1958-12-02 Soo Valley Company Fly casting line with tapered cellular waterproof plastic coating
US3068532A (en) * 1958-12-09 1962-12-18 Union Carbide Corp Method of preparing insulated electrical conductors
US3244545A (en) * 1961-05-10 1966-04-05 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Cellular resins reinforced with siliceous material
US3327339A (en) * 1965-03-15 1967-06-27 Jerome H Lemelson Composite filaments

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4010308A (en) * 1953-05-04 1977-03-01 Wiczer Sol B Filled porous coated fiber
US3847156A (en) * 1972-07-17 1974-11-12 Sherwood Medical Ind Inc Suture
US4297413A (en) * 1977-07-27 1981-10-27 Kureha Kugaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Concentric composite conjugate yarns and a process for manufacturing same
US4543286A (en) * 1982-03-19 1985-09-24 Allied Corporation Composite containing coated extended chain polyolefin fibers
US4563392A (en) * 1982-03-19 1986-01-07 Allied Corporation Coated extended chain polyolefin fiber
US4770915A (en) * 1985-12-09 1988-09-13 Fuji Standard Research Inc. Flexible composite material and process for preparing same
US5076872A (en) * 1985-12-09 1991-12-31 Fuji Standard Research, Inc. Process for preparing a flexible composite material
US5032456A (en) * 1987-09-11 1991-07-16 Newell Operating Company Microcellular synthetic paintbrush bristles
US5498468A (en) * 1994-09-23 1996-03-12 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Fabrics composed of ribbon-like fibrous material and method to make the same
US6057024A (en) * 1997-10-31 2000-05-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Composite elastic material with ribbon-shaped filaments
US6642429B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2003-11-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Personal care articles with reduced polymer fibers

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BE687984A (enEXAMPLES) 1967-03-16

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