US3459587A - Method of controlling coating thickness - Google Patents

Method of controlling coating thickness Download PDF

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Publication number
US3459587A
US3459587A US613474A US3459587DA US3459587A US 3459587 A US3459587 A US 3459587A US 613474 A US613474 A US 613474A US 3459587D A US3459587D A US 3459587DA US 3459587 A US3459587 A US 3459587A
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coating
strip
orifice
gas
nozzle
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US613474A
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English (en)
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Darrell L Hunter
James C Siple
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United States Steel Corp
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United States Steel Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/14—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness
    • C23C2/16—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness using fluids under pressure, e.g. air knives
    • C23C2/18—Removing excess of molten coatings from elongated material
    • C23C2/20—Strips; Plates

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a coating weight control method. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of controlling the weight of a coating applied by a process wherein material to be coated is immersed into and withdrawn from a bath of the coating material.
  • the invention is particularly suited for use in hot-dip coating operations wherein a substrate such as steel strip is coated with a metal such as zinc, aluminum, tin or lead, and alloys thereof.
  • coating rolls are used to control the weight and volume of coating material applied to a substrate.
  • Coating rolls limit line speeds materially in continuous operations. At moderate line speeds of up to 200 feet/ minute, a generally satisfactory product may be produced with coating control by rolls. Occasionally, coating defects such as groove marks, edge build up and non-uniform distribution are encountered even at these relatively low line speeds, but these defects are generally not serious problems. The defects do become serious, however, at the higher line speeds, above 200 feet/minute, which are normally used in continuous coating lines for light gauge product, i.e. less than 0.0l8-inch thick. Accordingly, line speeds in systems using coating-roll control have had to be reduced for light gauge material to as little as 100 meet/minutea serious decrease in the production rate.
  • a major problem or defect that has been encountered when using fluid streams to control coatin thickness is the formation of built-up ridges of coating metal at the edge of the coated strip. This condition becomes less tolerable as the thickness of the strip being coated decreases in gauge. For example, at substrate thicknesses below about 0.025-inch, the presence of coating metal build up at the edge prevents satisfactory coiling of the product. This defect is typically caused by changes in the direction and velocity of the fluid stream at the edges of the strip. Product produced using coating rolls also exhibits coating build up at the edges of the strip and extreme care 3,459,587 Patented Aug. 5, 1969 ICC must be exercised to minimize this condition so the strip can be coiled.
  • the optimum position of the fluid streams e.g. gas jets or gas streams, to avoid edge build up would be to have each stream exactly opposite to the other, or stated in another way, to provide a mirror image.
  • the gas streams are positioned exactly opposite each other, there is an excess of metal blown to the extreme edge forming a metal bead there. This is also undesirable in that it produces an uneven, rough edge, often unacceptable in a. commercial product.
  • the present invention contemplates the proper critical positionin of the gas streams to achieve superior coating control without undesirable edge build up or edge bead formation so that the coated strip may be coiled in the conventional manner with a satisfactory edge.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic elevation view of a hot-dip, coating line equipped with a gas nozzle system for controlling coating thickness in accordance with the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross sectional view taken along lines 11-11 of FIGURE 1 schematically showing the nozzles positioned with respect to the coated strip;
  • FIGURE 3 is an enlarged detail showing schematically how the nozzles are positioned to effect coating control in accordance with one embodiment of the invention and a vertical section of one of the nozzles therein;
  • FIGURE 4 is a vertical section of an alternative embodiment of a portion of the gas nozzle shown in FIG- URE 3;
  • FIGURES 5, 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams illustrating different affects on the coated strip produced by varying adjustments in the gas nozzles shown in FIGURE 3.
  • FIGURE 1 describes a typical system for hot-dip-coating a substrate but one equipped with gas jets to control coating weight in accordance with the invention.
  • gas jets and gas streams refer to a fluid, e.g. gaseous medium, which is blown against the coated substrate while the coating is still molten and as the substrate is withdrawn from the coating medium to effect control of the quantity, volume, thickness and distribution of coating material on the substrate.
  • Any suitable gas may be used but an advantage of the invention is that a simple air stream, even of ambient temperatures, may be used effectively. Steam, other fluids, gases, etc., may obviously also be used.
  • a substrate such as a steel strip is uncoiled in zone 1 and then passed through a heating zone 2 of an annealing furnace and then through the cooling zone 3 of the furnace into a bath 4 of coating material.
  • Rolls 5 disposed within the coating material and referred to as sink rolls guide the strip through the coating bath, after which the coated strip passes between oppositely disposed gas steams 6 over suitable rolls 7 to a cooling run-out and into recoiling equipment 8.
  • the length of the orifices 10 emitting the gas streams from nozzles 6 should be several inches longer than the widest strip whose coating is to be controlled by the fluid streams.
  • the increased length of the orifice allows for movement of the strip in a variable pass line.
  • the cross sectional view shown in FIGURE 2 illustrates the extension of the orifice slots beyond the length of the strip therebetween. This view taken along lines IIII of FIGURE 1 shows the positioning of the nozzles with respect to the strip.
  • FIGURE 3 An arrangement and positioning of the gas streams and nozzles for delivering same is described in FIGURE 3.
  • nozzles 10a and 1% are positioned on opposite sides of a strip to project a gas stream against the coated surfaces as the strip is withdrawn from a coating bath and while the coating is still molten.
  • Each nozzle 10a and 10b is comprised of a header section 12, a convergent throat section 14 and an orifice section 16 having a depth M.
  • the nozzles are equipped with a pressure gauge 18 to indicate fluid pressure, and some means are provided to vary the lips 22' and 22" of the nozzle in the orifice section.
  • a screen 20 is provided to achieve the desired fluid distribution as hereinafter described.
  • the angle of divergence 6 of the emitted gas stream is independent of both the gas pressure behind the orifice slot and of the orifice height S when the flow exceeds a Reynolds number of about 2000. Since the angle 0 is relatively constant, the height of impact H, i.e. impingement height, of the wiping force of the gas stream is established according to the following equation:
  • the flow pattern emitted from the nozzle is independent of presure and as a result, the impingement height H is dependent only on the orifice height S, the divergent difiusion angle 9, the distance of the center of the orifice to the strip D and the horizontal angle 6 of the orifice to the strip.
  • the impingement height H must be offset enough so that the opposing force of the higher height H can eliminate the edge bead.
  • the difference, X, in the opposing height H must not exceed that point at which the resultant force from the heightest height H can blow coating around to the opposite side and form a ridge.
  • the invention therefore, provides a zone of operation in which the position of the fluid nozzles produces a coated strip having little or no edge beads or heavy coating ridges at the edges of the strip.
  • the zone within which the coating control can be so accomplished is defined as follows:
  • the impingement heights H of the two opposing fluid jets should be off-set from perfect vertical alignment (mirror image placement) by an amount, X, which is at least of H;
  • the fluid streams must be overlapping but not coincident with each other and the amount of displacement, X, of each gas stream should be within the range of /3 to /4 H.
  • the header section of the nozzle is related to the area of the orifice slot in a manner which depends upon the gas ent1y into the header. If the system of dual feeding is used where air enters into both ends of the header (double entry feeding) the ratio of the cross sectional area of the header to the area of the orifice slot should be advantageously at least 4 to 1. If the air enters into only one end of the header (single entry feed) the ratio of the cross sectional area of the header to the area of the orifice slot should be at least 8 to 1.
  • the aforementioned ratio of the cross sectional area of the header to the area of the orifice slot will aid uniformity of profile emitted from the slot.
  • the aforementioned ratio would be 5 to 1 for double feed entry and 10 to l for single feed entry. Ratios larger than these do relatively little to improve the emitted profile.
  • the shape of the header may be almost any configuration which is practical to construct or necessary for space limitations. A standard pipe has, however, proven to be satisfactory.
  • the internal portion of the nozzle should, desirably, have a uniform distributing resistance through which the air must pass.
  • This resistance may be in the form of a perforated plate or a screen 20 shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the resistance helps prevent non-uniformity of flow which may result from fluid changing direction from the header to the throat section.
  • the resistance of a minimum of Z-inches water is desirable.
  • One satisfactory arrangement is by the use of a ZOO-mesh screen (about 33% void opening) with a ratio of a total area of screen to the ratio of the slot of 16 to 1.
  • the length should be several inches longer than the widest strip (see FIGURE 2 above).
  • Adjustment of the orifice height S is achieved in the nozzle described in FIGURE 3 by means of the nut and bolt connections 26a and 26]) shown in the drawing.
  • the upper lip section 22' can be moved vertically to achieve any desired orifice height and then reaffixed to the nozzle in a stable manner such as by tightening the bolt shown.
  • FIGURE 4 An alternative construction of the convergent throat and orifice sections of the gas nozzle shown in FIGURE 3 is illustrated in FIGURE 4.
  • This embodiment is another arrangement for adjusting the slot or orifice height S.
  • the adjustment of the slot height can also be achieved by screws, cams or other devices all of which can be operated manually, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically.
  • threaded bolts 32 and 34 secure machined sections 36 and 38 to the flanges 40 and 42 of the convergent throat section.
  • the slot is formed by machined sections 44 and 46 which are removably fastened to the machined sections 36 and 38 by means of duplicate machine screws 48 and 50.
  • the slot height is varied by insertion of other sections 44 and 46 of different thickness to provide any desired slot height.
  • a coating control system with fluid streams as described herein may function at varied height of the nozzle above the coating bath. Excessive agitation and splashing of the coating, however, can be avoided if the nozzles are positioned at least about 8 inches from the bath.
  • Coatings produced with a nozzleto-strip distance of /2-inch are generally uniform in appearance.
  • coatings produced with a nozzleto-strip distance of 1-inch generally exhibit a faint transverse wave pattern.
  • Coatings produced with a nozzle-tostrip distance of more than about 1 /2 inches exhibit a more pronounced wave pattern which might be unsatisfactory for some critical applications. The waves become slightly less pronounced as the strip speed is increased. Nozzle-to-strip distances of from about A to 1 /2 inches are preferred.
  • Coating distribution is effectively controlled while varying the fluid flow rate. That is, for each orifice height, increasing the fluid flow rate causes a reduction in the coating weight without impairing the appearance of the coating.
  • One convenient method for determining the air flow rate for example, from a given orifice is to measure the air pressure within the nozzle.
  • a preferred minimum pressure is about 0.4 p.s.i.g. Relatively higher pressures are required to produce satisfactory coatings with smaller orifices. i.e. 0.020-inch, and lower pressures are sufficient with the larger orifices, i.e. 0.250-inch.
  • Orifice heights of 0.06 to 0.15-inch are considered the optimum range for galvanizing operations when using air streams for coating control.
  • the coating weight of the strip after passing through the gas streams can be considered directly proportional to the line speed.
  • the coating weight is 0.5 oz./sq. ft. at a line speed of ft./minute
  • the coating weight would be 1.0 oz./sq. ft. at a line speed of 300 ft./minute.
  • FIGURES 5, 6 and 7 illustrate different results obtained by various gas stream adjustments which may result in undesirable edge conditions.
  • the vertical view of FIGURE 5 and the cross section of FIGURE 6 show the edge bead 52 formed with the gas streams positioned as mirror images against the coated substrate.
  • the edge beads are formed along the extreme edge of the strip and represent a highly undesirable effect and waste of coating metal.
  • the schematic view shown in FIGURE 7 illustrates the effect of misalignment of impinging lengths H with the formation of a coating ridge 54.
  • the affect will be similar to that resulting when only one gas stream is used. That is, the coating will be blown around the edge and deposited on the opposite side forming a heavy build up of coating or ridges on the surface near the edge. It is apparent that the strip cannot be coiled effectively with such a coating ridge present.
  • the gas stream impingement pressure is proportional to the pressure that feeds the orifice. Therefore, it is possible to control the coating weight simply by increasing or decreasing the pressure to the orifice.
  • the coating weights may be taken as inversely proportional to the orifice pressure.
  • increases in line speed also increase the coating weight when other variables are not changed.
  • the coating weight may be considered as directly proportional to strip speed.
  • the distance D (see FIGURE 3) of the orifice to the strip also affects the final coating weight.
  • equal pressure will result in a difierence in coating weight on the two surfaces of the strip because the distance is not linear.
  • the average coating weight i.e. total weight will increase when the strip moves away from the center position.
  • the coating weight will be 0.5 oz./sq. ft. or a total coating weight of 1.0 oz./sq. ft. If the strip moves off-center /2-inch, the strip side closest to the nozzle will have a coating weight of only 0.3 oz./sq. ft. while the side further away from the nozzle will have a coating weight of 0.8 oz./sq. ft. The total will be 1.1 oz./sq. ft. or an increase of 0.1 oz./sq. ft. because the strip moved off of center.
  • nozzle elevation above the coating bath depends upon line speed and coating drainage. Since the increased strip speed will result in more coating being carried upward and a heavier coating, gravity drains back some of the excess metal pulled out of the coating bath, and there is a level at which the gravity drainage is in equilibrium. Above this equilibrium point, no more drainage occurs and the coating weight will be constant. For example, to produce 1.25 oz. coating at 450 ft./minute, nozzle elevation will be at least 10-inches. Above this point, the nozzle will produce the same coating weight, 1.25 02., at 12-inches just as readily as at 18-inches.
  • the strip emerging vertically from the galvanizing bath at a speed of 300 ft./minute is subjected to the wiping action of the air streams at a distance of 16-inches above the surface of the bath.
  • the nozzles are positioned so that the axis of each air stream issuing from /;inch high slot orifice impinge on the strip at an angle of i.e. 15 below a position normal to the strip.
  • the point of impact of the axis of one jet was off-set Ax-inch vertically from the point of impact of the axis of the air stream striking at opposite sides of the strip.
  • the distance along the axis of each jet from the orifice to the strip is 4-inch.
  • the air pressure downstream from the screen inside each of the nozzle in 30-inches of water and the coating weight produced in this mannner is 1.175 oz./ sq. ft. of sheet.
  • the resultant coating is uniform in thickness and appearance across the width of the strip and the extreme edges do not exhibit ridges or beads.
  • Changes in the aforementioned specific set of line conditions generally require, for optimum operations, changes in the adjustment of the air stream. For example, a reduction in line speed would be accompanied by a lowering of the gas nozzles to a position closer to the coating bath. Extremely slow speeds, i.e. 50 ft./minute, would cause the nozzle setting to be as close as practical to the bath, that is about 6-inches above the surface. Slower line speeds would also require a reduction in the pressure within the nozzles to maintain the same coating weight. For example, if the strip speed is reduced from 300 to 150 ft./ minute, the gas pressure should decrease from 30-inches of water to 15-inches of water.
  • the gas pressure within the nozzles ought to be increased at a rate inversely proportional to the desired change in coating weight.
  • the gas pressure within the nozzles can be easily regulated by a valve located in the main air supply line.
  • An improvement in the method of controlling the thickness of a hot dip coating of molten metal on a moving substrate of steel strip by the use of gas streams ap plied to the coated surfaces of the subtrate before the molten metal coatings solidifies comprising projecting gaseous streams of controlled impingement heights against opposite surfaces of said moving substrate from gas nozzles positioned on both sides thereof such that the impingement height of the respective gas streams are overlapping but offset from each other by an amount of from to A the impingement height, said gas streams extending beyond the width of the substrate at the edges thereof.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
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US613474A 1967-02-02 1967-02-02 Method of controlling coating thickness Expired - Lifetime US3459587A (en)

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AT (1) AT283844B (it)
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DE (1) DE1696619B2 (it)
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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3607366A (en) * 1968-11-14 1971-09-21 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Removal of excess molten metal coatings by gas blast without ripple formations on coated surfaces
US3619247A (en) * 1968-08-29 1971-11-09 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method of producing thin, bright unspangled galvanized coatings on ferrous metal strips
US3773013A (en) * 1972-02-04 1973-11-20 Bethlehem Steel Corp Coating apparatus with fluid doctor blade
US3841900A (en) * 1972-02-04 1974-10-15 Bethlehem Steel Corp Apparatus and method for obtaining uniform coating thickness
JPS5045965A (it) * 1973-08-14 1975-04-24
US3924794A (en) * 1973-08-14 1975-12-09 Us Energy Solder leveling process
US3932683A (en) * 1972-10-10 1976-01-13 Inland Steel Company Control of coating thickness of hot-dip metal coating
US4078103A (en) * 1975-04-17 1978-03-07 Armco Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for finishing molten metallic coatings
US4198922A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-04-22 United States Steel Corporation Gas barrier coating control apparatus with a readily replaceable gas orifice header segment
US4719129A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-01-12 Armco Inc. Multiple nozzle jet finishing
US5017407A (en) * 1988-08-24 1991-05-21 Australian Wire Industries Pty. .Limited Stabilisation of jet wiped wire
US5064118A (en) * 1990-12-26 1991-11-12 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling the thickness of a hot-dip coating
US5066519A (en) * 1988-08-24 1991-11-19 Australian Wire Industries Pty. Limited Jet wiping nozzle
US5119848A (en) * 1988-09-29 1992-06-09 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. Two-fluid injection apparatus and a manufacturing apparatus including such injecting apparatus for manufacturing minimized spangle molten plated steel plate
US5651819A (en) * 1993-06-24 1997-07-29 The Idod Trust Continuous tube forming and coating
US5732874A (en) * 1993-06-24 1998-03-31 The Idod Trust Method of forming seamed metal tube
US20080245903A1 (en) * 2007-04-09 2008-10-09 West Virginia University Method and apparatus for online flow control over the span of a high aspect ratio slot jet
US20120308820A1 (en) * 2010-02-16 2012-12-06 Snecma Device for obtaining ceramic fibers coated by a liquid process with a thick metal sheath
CN109477198A (zh) * 2016-07-13 2019-03-15 杰富意钢铁株式会社 熔融金属镀覆钢带的制造方法以及连续熔融金属镀覆设备

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5645876Y2 (it) * 1973-10-25 1981-10-27
AU2022341700A1 (en) * 2021-09-10 2024-02-08 Jfe Steel Corporation Molten metal-plated steel strip production method

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US602532A (en) * 1898-04-19 Art of plating sheet metal
US794704A (en) * 1904-09-29 1905-07-11 Olin S Fellows Means for removing superfluous metallic coating from sheet metal.
US811854A (en) * 1903-08-18 1906-02-06 John Lee Process of tinning or coating metal sheets with tin or other metallic coatings.
US1672526A (en) * 1926-03-23 1928-06-05 American Mach & Foundry Metal-coating machine
US2160864A (en) * 1937-05-03 1939-06-06 Continental Steel Corp Producing galvanized metal sheets or articles
US2243979A (en) * 1935-12-17 1941-06-03 Reynolds Metals Co Production of aluminum-coated iron or steel
US2370495A (en) * 1941-02-26 1945-02-27 Arthur H Parker Apparatus for coating sheet metal
US2390007A (en) * 1943-12-31 1945-11-27 Dominion Foundries & Steel Apparatus for continuously hot dip coating of tin on coiled strip
US2950991A (en) * 1959-04-30 1960-08-30 American Chain & Cable Co Method and apparatus for coating ferrous metal with aluminum
US3231415A (en) * 1961-08-15 1966-01-25 Dow Chemical Co Method of coating thermoplastic webs

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US602532A (en) * 1898-04-19 Art of plating sheet metal
US811854A (en) * 1903-08-18 1906-02-06 John Lee Process of tinning or coating metal sheets with tin or other metallic coatings.
US794704A (en) * 1904-09-29 1905-07-11 Olin S Fellows Means for removing superfluous metallic coating from sheet metal.
US1672526A (en) * 1926-03-23 1928-06-05 American Mach & Foundry Metal-coating machine
US2243979A (en) * 1935-12-17 1941-06-03 Reynolds Metals Co Production of aluminum-coated iron or steel
US2160864A (en) * 1937-05-03 1939-06-06 Continental Steel Corp Producing galvanized metal sheets or articles
US2370495A (en) * 1941-02-26 1945-02-27 Arthur H Parker Apparatus for coating sheet metal
US2390007A (en) * 1943-12-31 1945-11-27 Dominion Foundries & Steel Apparatus for continuously hot dip coating of tin on coiled strip
US2950991A (en) * 1959-04-30 1960-08-30 American Chain & Cable Co Method and apparatus for coating ferrous metal with aluminum
US3231415A (en) * 1961-08-15 1966-01-25 Dow Chemical Co Method of coating thermoplastic webs

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3619247A (en) * 1968-08-29 1971-11-09 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method of producing thin, bright unspangled galvanized coatings on ferrous metal strips
US3607366A (en) * 1968-11-14 1971-09-21 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Removal of excess molten metal coatings by gas blast without ripple formations on coated surfaces
US3773013A (en) * 1972-02-04 1973-11-20 Bethlehem Steel Corp Coating apparatus with fluid doctor blade
US3841900A (en) * 1972-02-04 1974-10-15 Bethlehem Steel Corp Apparatus and method for obtaining uniform coating thickness
US3932683A (en) * 1972-10-10 1976-01-13 Inland Steel Company Control of coating thickness of hot-dip metal coating
US3924794A (en) * 1973-08-14 1975-12-09 Us Energy Solder leveling process
JPS5631918B2 (it) * 1973-08-14 1981-07-24
JPS5045965A (it) * 1973-08-14 1975-04-24
US4078103A (en) * 1975-04-17 1978-03-07 Armco Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for finishing molten metallic coatings
US4198922A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-04-22 United States Steel Corporation Gas barrier coating control apparatus with a readily replaceable gas orifice header segment
US4719129A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-01-12 Armco Inc. Multiple nozzle jet finishing
US5017407A (en) * 1988-08-24 1991-05-21 Australian Wire Industries Pty. .Limited Stabilisation of jet wiped wire
US5066519A (en) * 1988-08-24 1991-11-19 Australian Wire Industries Pty. Limited Jet wiping nozzle
US5119848A (en) * 1988-09-29 1992-06-09 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. Two-fluid injection apparatus and a manufacturing apparatus including such injecting apparatus for manufacturing minimized spangle molten plated steel plate
US5064118A (en) * 1990-12-26 1991-11-12 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling the thickness of a hot-dip coating
US5651819A (en) * 1993-06-24 1997-07-29 The Idod Trust Continuous tube forming and coating
US5732874A (en) * 1993-06-24 1998-03-31 The Idod Trust Method of forming seamed metal tube
US5860204A (en) * 1993-06-24 1999-01-19 The Idod Trust Continuous tube forming and coating
US5915421A (en) * 1993-06-24 1999-06-29 The Idod Trust Method of forming seamed metal tube
US6018859A (en) * 1995-03-08 2000-02-01 The Idod Trust Method of forming seamed metal tube
US20080245903A1 (en) * 2007-04-09 2008-10-09 West Virginia University Method and apparatus for online flow control over the span of a high aspect ratio slot jet
US7563322B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2009-07-21 West Virginia University Method and apparatus for online flow control over the span of a high aspect ratio slot jet
US20120308820A1 (en) * 2010-02-16 2012-12-06 Snecma Device for obtaining ceramic fibers coated by a liquid process with a thick metal sheath
US9708701B2 (en) * 2010-02-16 2017-07-18 Snecma Device for obtaining ceramic fibers coated by a liquid process with a thick metal sheath
CN109477198A (zh) * 2016-07-13 2019-03-15 杰富意钢铁株式会社 熔融金属镀覆钢带的制造方法以及连续熔融金属镀覆设备
EP3486351A4 (en) * 2016-07-13 2019-05-22 JFE Steel Corporation METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PLATED METAL MELTING METAL STRIP AND INSTALLATION FOR CONTINUOUS METAL MELTING PLATING
US11104983B2 (en) 2016-07-13 2021-08-31 Jfe Steel Corporation Method of producing hot-dip metal coated steel strip and continuous hot-dip metal coating apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL162966C (nl) 1980-07-15
NL162966B (nl) 1980-02-15
LU55387A1 (it) 1968-04-11
FR1554130A (it) 1969-01-17
DE1696619B2 (de) 1973-08-23
GB1196073A (en) 1970-06-24
JPS512055B1 (it) 1976-01-22
NL6801161A (it) 1968-08-05
AT283844B (de) 1970-08-25
BE709842A (it) 1968-07-24
ES349633A1 (es) 1969-04-01
DE1696619A1 (de) 1972-03-23

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