US3458547A - Preparation of irh3(p(r)3)2 compounds - Google Patents
Preparation of irh3(p(r)3)2 compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3458547A US3458547A US555215A US3458547DA US3458547A US 3458547 A US3458547 A US 3458547A US 555215 A US555215 A US 555215A US 3458547D A US3458547D A US 3458547DA US 3458547 A US3458547 A US 3458547A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- irh
- compounds
- pph
- compound
- iridium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- -1 acetylene compound Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012448 Lithium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ILPBINAXDRFYPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octene Chemical compound CCCCCC=CC ILPBINAXDRFYPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003963 dichloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001145 hydrido group Chemical group *[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N (1z,3z)-cycloocta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC\C=C/C=C\C1 RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZXIZRZFGJZWBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1OC1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C OZXIZRZFGJZWBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-cyclooctadiene Chemical compound C1CC=CCCC=C1 VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical class CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JKVCVPJNAKGEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N B.C(C)P(CC)CC Chemical compound B.C(C)P(CC)CC JKVCVPJNAKGEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100191244 Caenorhabditis elegans pph-6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUUJPMUSSZAELD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [Ir].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MUUJPMUSSZAELD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000091 aluminium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010277 boron hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N cyclooctene Chemical compound C1CCC\C=C/CC1 URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004913 cyclooctene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SGHACPWQYLZYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Ir+3].C1(=CC=CC=C1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1(=CC=CC=C1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1(=CC=CC=C1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SGHACPWQYLZYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRMUJLVDSAKANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Ir].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HRMUJLVDSAKANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SHOJXDKTYKFBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesityl oxide Natural products CC(C)=CC(C)=O SHOJXDKTYKFBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HHAVHBDPWSUKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)O.CC(C)=O HHAVHBDPWSUKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSLWRGQKZNBMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanenitrile;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CCC#N.C=CC#N QSLWRGQKZNBMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0033—Iridium compounds
- C07F15/004—Iridium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/14—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group
- C07C29/141—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/143—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/143—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones
- C07C29/145—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
- C07C5/03—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
- C07C5/03—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C07C5/05—Partial hydrogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
- C07C5/08—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon triple bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
- C07C5/08—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon triple bonds
- C07C5/09—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon triple bonds to carbon-to-carbon double bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/2206—Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/23 - C07C5/31
- C07C5/2266—Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/23 - C07C5/31 with hydrides or organic compounds
- C07C5/2293—Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/23 - C07C5/31 with hydrides or organic compounds containing phosphines, arsines, stibines, or bismuthines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/23—Rearrangement of carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C07C5/25—Migration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C07C5/2506—Catalytic processes
- C07C5/2562—Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds
- C07C5/2593—Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds containing phosphines, arsines, stibines or bismuthines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2531/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- C07C2531/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- C07C2531/24—Phosphines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
- Y10S585/8995—Catalyst and recycle considerations
- Y10S585/906—Catalyst preservation or manufacture, e.g. activation before use
Definitions
- R R R are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or heterocyclic groups, in which a compound of formula:
- a complex hydride of boron in which at least one Y is an anionic element or group and any remaining Y being hydrogen atoms, and n is 2 or 3, dissolved or suspended in an inert solvent is contacted with a complex hydride of boron to form a complex compound and the complex compound decomposed to yield the desired iridium compound.
- the hydride of boron is an alkaline borohydride and the decomposition is accomplished by the addition of water or an alcohol at temperatures in the range of 50 to 100 C.
- the compounds prepared by the process are useful catalysts for reactions involving olefinic and acetylenic bonds e.g. hydrogenation, hydroformylation and isomerisation. In addition they may be used as catalysts in hydrogen transfer reactions.
- This invention relates to a process for the preparation of iridium compounds, to their use as catalysts and to a novel group of iridium compounds.
- the invention is a new process for the production of compounds of formula in which n is 2 or 3, Z is phosphorous, arsenic or antimony, R R R are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or heterocyclic groups, in which a compound of formula where at least one Y is an anionic element or group, any remaining Y being hydrogen atoms, and Z and R R apd R have the significance given above, dissolved or suspended in an inert solvent, is contacted with a complex hydride of aluminium or boron to form a complex compound and the complex compound decomposed to yield the desired iridium compound.
- Y may comprise the same or different anionic elements or groups and may be carboxylate e.g. acetate, cyanide or preferably a halogen particularly chlorine.
- R R and R which may be the same or different are preferably alkyl groups, particularly alkyl groups having from 1-12 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and iso-butyl.
- Preferred aryl groups are phenyl groups while suitable aralkyl groups include benzyl and a suitable heterocyclic group is the pyridyl group.
- the inert solvent may be any solvent which is inert to the reactants and products of the process and in which the complex hydride is soluble, and may suitably be an ether for example tetIa-hydrofuran.
- Complex hydrides of aluminium and boron which may be used in the process are of formula MEI-I and MAlH, in which M is a cation, particularly a metal.
- Preferred metals are the alkali metals, especially lithium. It is usually preferable to use a complex borohydride, e.g. lithium borohydride, rather than a complex aluminium hydride, as use of the latter is often attended by increased by-product formation.
- the complex compound which is formed by reaction between the compound of formula :IrY (Z[R R R and the complex hydride of aluminium or boron may be decomposed in similar manner to the decomposition of known complexes formed between such complex hydrides and organic carbonyl compounds.
- the complex compounds may be decomposed by the addition of water or an alcohol, particularly a lower alcohol such as methanol.
- the reactants in the process may be used in stoichiometric proportions, or the complex hydride of aluminium or boron may be present in excess.
- the substance used to decompose the complex compound is also preferably used in excess.
- a suitable ligand e.g. IrH (PPh may be be converted to IrH (PPh by heating with excess PPh
- the process may be performed at ambient or at an elevated temperature, for example in the range 50 to C. Suitable temperatures may also be obtained by conducting the process at the boiling point of the solvent.
- a feature of the present invention is a novel group of iridium compounds of the above formula in which at least one R R R is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or a heterocyclic group.
- Particularly useful compounds are those in which Z is phosphorus and R R R are the same or different alkyl groups, especially alkyl groups having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl or aralkyl groups such as benzyl.
- R R or R is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkenyl e.g. IrH (PEt and IrH (PEt Ph) are preferred catalysts for use under ambient temperature conditions as they are characterised by considerably greater solubility at ambient temperatures in commonly used solvents such as alcohols, ethers, esters, paraflinic and aromatic solvents than compounds in which R R and R are all aryl, alkaryl or heterocyclic groups. At elevated temperatures however complexes in which R R and R are phenyl groups have increased solubility and in view of their higher catalytic activity are the preferred catalysts.
- IrH PEt and IrH (PEt Ph)
- an olefine or acetylene compound may be hydrogenated, an aldehyde hydrogenated to a primary alcohol or a ketone to a secondary alcohol, by contacting them with hydrogen in the presence of a compound of formula IrH (Z[R R R The hydrogenation may be carried out at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature in the range 20130 C.
- the ease of hydrogenation decreases in the order primary olefinic compounds secondary olefinic compounds acetylenic compounds aldehydes and ketones and more severe conditions of temperature and pressure, for example about 100 C. and 100 atmospheres of hydrogen may be required to hydrogenate the more difiiculty hydrogenable materials.
- Preferred iridium compounds for use as hydrogenation catalyst are IrH (PPh and IrH (PPh which may be used at concentrations in the range 10- to molar.
- Carbonyl compounds may also be produced by use of the catalytic properties of the compounds of the present invention.
- carbonyl compounds are produced by contacting an olefine or acetylene compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a compound of formula IrH (Z[R R R at an elevated temperature and pressure. Such a process is known as hydroformylation.
- IIH3(Ph3P)3, II'H (Ph3P)2 are suitable hydroformylation catalysts, although the latter compound is preferred.
- Olefines, particularly olefines containing 4 to 14 carbon atoms give rise to useful products such as aldehydes when reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in accordance with the present invention.
- the hydroformylation may be carried out at a temperature in the range 50250 C. and a pressure in the range 250-2000 atmospheres and at a concentration of iridium compound of 10* to 1 molar.
- the iridium compounds of the invention, of formula IrH (Z[R R R may also be used in a process for the isomerisation of compounds containing an olefinic bond, which comprises contacting such a compound with the iridium compound at an elevated temperature.
- Compounds containing an olefinic double bond which may be isomerised include olefines particularly olefines of 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Suitable iridium compounds are IrH (Ph P) and IrH (PEt Ph) which may be used at a concentration in the range 10- to 1 molar.
- the temperature at which the isomerisation process is conducted may be in the range to 100 C.
- the iridium compounds of the present invention may also be used as catalysts in hydrogen transfer reactions.
- one hydrogen transfer process is a process in which an alcohol e.g. isopropanol is reacted with a ketone e.g. cyclohexanone to produce an alcohol e.g. cyclohexanol corresponding to the initial ketone, and ketone e.g. acetone having the same carbon number as the initial alcohol in the presence of an iridium compound of formula IrH (Z[R R R R
- IrH Z[R R R R
- IrH PPh as a hydroformylation catalyst
- a mixture of IrH (PPh (0.36 g.) in dry benzene (20 cc.) was heated at C. under a gas pressure of 1000 atmospheres (gas composition 92% ethylene, 4% carbon monoxide and 4% hydrogen by volume) for one hour.
- 1.7 g. of propionaldehyde was recovered from the product of the hydroformylation process.
- IrH PPh 6 EXAMPLE 12 IrH (PPh as a hydrogenation catalyst A 5.7)(10' molar solution of IrH (PIPh in benzene (25 cc.) and octene-l (20 cc.) was heated to reflux (SS- C.) and stirred with a cruciform stirrer attached to a gas burette containing hydrogen gas. Over a period of 400 minutes 700 cc. of hydrogen gas were absorbed. The product was analysed by vapour phase chromatography to show the presence of n-octane. No. octene-l was detected.
- Example 3(a) Following the procedure of Example 3(a) however IrH (PPh was found to hydrogenate terminal double bonds (primary olefine) e.g. octene-l, but not non-termi nal double bonds (secondary olefine) e.g. octene-2. This is in contrast to IrH (PPh which will hydrogenate non-terminal double bonds under the relatively milder conditions described in Example 3(a).
- R R R are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or heterocyclic groups, in which a compound of formula:
- R R R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group is selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or isobutyl.
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Description
United States Patent Ofiice 3,458,547 Patented July 29, 1969 US. Cl. 260-429 9 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE There is provided a process for the production of iridium compounds of formula:
in which R R R are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or heterocyclic groups, in which a compound of formula:
in which at least one Y is an anionic element or group and any remaining Y being hydrogen atoms, and n is 2 or 3, dissolved or suspended in an inert solvent is contacted with a complex hydride of boron to form a complex compound and the complex compound decomposed to yield the desired iridium compound. Suitably the hydride of boron is an alkaline borohydride and the decomposition is accomplished by the addition of water or an alcohol at temperatures in the range of 50 to 100 C. The compounds prepared by the process are useful catalysts for reactions involving olefinic and acetylenic bonds e.g. hydrogenation, hydroformylation and isomerisation. In addition they may be used as catalysts in hydrogen transfer reactions.
This invention relates to a process for the preparation of iridium compounds, to their use as catalysts and to a novel group of iridium compounds.
Accordingly, the invention is a new process for the production of compounds of formula in which n is 2 or 3, Z is phosphorous, arsenic or antimony, R R R are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or heterocyclic groups, in which a compound of formula where at least one Y is an anionic element or group, any remaining Y being hydrogen atoms, and Z and R R apd R have the significance given above, dissolved or suspended in an inert solvent, is contacted with a complex hydride of aluminium or boron to form a complex compound and the complex compound decomposed to yield the desired iridium compound.
Y may comprise the same or different anionic elements or groups and may be carboxylate e.g. acetate, cyanide or preferably a halogen particularly chlorine.
R R and R which may be the same or different are preferably alkyl groups, particularly alkyl groups having from 1-12 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and iso-butyl. Preferred aryl groups are phenyl groups while suitable aralkyl groups include benzyl and a suitable heterocyclic group is the pyridyl group.
The inert solvent may be any solvent which is inert to the reactants and products of the process and in which the complex hydride is soluble, and may suitably be an ether for example tetIa-hydrofuran.
Complex hydrides of aluminium and boron which may be used in the process are of formula MEI-I and MAlH, in which M is a cation, particularly a metal. Preferred metals are the alkali metals, especially lithium. It is usually preferable to use a complex borohydride, e.g. lithium borohydride, rather than a complex aluminium hydride, as use of the latter is often attended by increased by-product formation.
The complex compound which is formed by reaction between the compound of formula :IrY (Z[R R R and the complex hydride of aluminium or boron may be decomposed in similar manner to the decomposition of known complexes formed between such complex hydrides and organic carbonyl compounds. For example the complex compounds may be decomposed by the addition of water or an alcohol, particularly a lower alcohol such as methanol.
The reactants in the process may be used in stoichiometric proportions, or the complex hydride of aluminium or boron may be present in excess. The substance used to decompose the complex compound is also preferably used in excess.
If free ligand Z(R R R is present compounds are obtained in which 11:3. If free ligand is not present a mixture of compounds in which n=2 or 3 or compounds in which n=2 are obtained. If desired compounds in which n=2 may be converted to those in which n=3 by treating them with a suitable ligand e.g. IrH (PPh may be be converted to IrH (PPh by heating with excess PPh The process may be performed at ambient or at an elevated temperature, for example in the range 50 to C. Suitable temperatures may also be obtained by conducting the process at the boiling point of the solvent.
A feature of the present invention is a novel group of iridium compounds of the above formula in which at least one R R R is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or a heterocyclic group.
We have found that the compounds of formula are useful as catalysts, especially for reactions involving olefinic double bonds.
Particularly useful compounds are those in which Z is phosphorus and R R R are the same or different alkyl groups, especially alkyl groups having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl or aralkyl groups such as benzyl.
Compounds in which one at least of R R or R is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkenyl e.g. IrH (PEt and IrH (PEt Ph) are preferred catalysts for use under ambient temperature conditions as they are characterised by considerably greater solubility at ambient temperatures in commonly used solvents such as alcohols, ethers, esters, paraflinic and aromatic solvents than compounds in which R R and R are all aryl, alkaryl or heterocyclic groups. At elevated temperatures however complexes in which R R and R are phenyl groups have increased solubility and in view of their higher catalytic activity are the preferred catalysts.
Thus an olefine or acetylene compound may be hydrogenated, an aldehyde hydrogenated to a primary alcohol or a ketone to a secondary alcohol, by contacting them with hydrogen in the presence of a compound of formula IrH (Z[R R R The hydrogenation may be carried out at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature in the range 20130 C. The ease of hydrogenation decreases in the order primary olefinic compounds secondary olefinic compounds acetylenic compounds aldehydes and ketones and more severe conditions of temperature and pressure, for example about 100 C. and 100 atmospheres of hydrogen may be required to hydrogenate the more difiiculty hydrogenable materials. Preferred iridium compounds for use as hydrogenation catalyst are IrH (PPh and IrH (PPh which may be used at concentrations in the range 10- to molar.
Carbonyl compounds may also be produced by use of the catalytic properties of the compounds of the present invention.
Thus carbonyl compounds are produced by contacting an olefine or acetylene compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a compound of formula IrH (Z[R R R at an elevated temperature and pressure. Such a process is known as hydroformylation.
IIH3(Ph3P)3, II'H (Ph3P)2 and are suitable hydroformylation catalysts, although the latter compound is preferred. Olefines, particularly olefines containing 4 to 14 carbon atoms give rise to useful products such as aldehydes when reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in accordance with the present invention.
The hydroformylation may be carried out at a temperature in the range 50250 C. and a pressure in the range 250-2000 atmospheres and at a concentration of iridium compound of 10* to 1 molar.
The iridium compounds of the invention, of formula IrH (Z[R R R may also be used in a process for the isomerisation of compounds containing an olefinic bond, which comprises contacting such a compound with the iridium compound at an elevated temperature.
Compounds containing an olefinic double bond which may be isomerised include olefines particularly olefines of 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
Suitable iridium compounds are IrH (Ph P) and IrH (PEt Ph) which may be used at a concentration in the range 10- to 1 molar.
The temperature at which the isomerisation process is conducted may be in the range to 100 C.
In addition to their catalytic effect in reactions involving olefinic and acetylenic compounds the iridium compounds of the present invention may also be used as catalysts in hydrogen transfer reactions.
For example, one hydrogen transfer process is a process in which an alcohol e.g. isopropanol is reacted with a ketone e.g. cyclohexanone to produce an alcohol e.g. cyclohexanol corresponding to the initial ketone, and ketone e.g. acetone having the same carbon number as the initial alcohol in the presence of an iridium compound of formula IrH (Z[R R R The invention will be further illustrated by reference to the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of IrH (PEt Ph) Lithium borohydride (0.4 g.) was added in portions over three hours to a stirred boiling solution of trans-trichloro tris (diethyl phenyl-phosphine) iridium III (IrCl (PEt Ph) (1.0 g.) in tetrahydrofuran (15 cc.). After 4 hours the mixture was cooled and hydrolysed with a mixture of methanol (5 cc.) and tetrahydrofuran (5 cc.). Evaporation of the solvent and extraction with light petroleum gave the product IrH (PEt Ph) (0.33 g.) as prisms from methanol M.P. 7880 C. (dec0mp.).
4 EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of IrH (Ph P) Lithium borohydride (0.4 g.) was added in portions over three hours to a stirred suspension of hydrido dichloro tris (triphenyl phosphine) iridium (III) (IrI-ICl (PPh (1.0 g.) in boiling tetrahydrofuran (15 cc.). The mixture was cooled after four hours and hydrolysed with methanol. The mixture was filtered and the residue extracted with tetrahydrofuran to leave the insoluble complex IrH (Ph P) EXAMPLE 3 IrH (PPh as a hydrogenation catalyst (a) Under 1 atmosphere pressure.A 5.7 10- molar solution of IrH (PPh in benzene (25 cc.) and octene-l (20 cc.) was heated to reflux and stirred with a cruciform stirrer attached to a gas burette containing hydrogen gas. During ten hours, approximately 800 cc. of hydrogen gas were absorbed. The product was analysed by vapour phase chromatography to show the presence of n-octane.
(b) At atmospheres pressure of hydrogen-10 cc. of each of the compounds listed in the table below was shaken in an autoclave at 100 atmospheres of hydrogen and 100 C. for 15 hours with a solution of IrH (PPh (0.2 g.) in benzene (20 cc.).
The products obtained are shown in the table.
Table Starting material: Product Octene-I Octane. Octene-2 Octane. Hexanone-2 Hexanol-Z. Acetone Iso-propanol. Mesityl oxide 4-methylpentanol-2. Di-isobutylene Octane. Acrylonitrile Propionitrile.
EXAMPLE 4 IrH (PEt Ph) as a hydrogenation catalyst A solution of IrH (PEt Ph) (1.0 g.) in octene-1(1 g.) and benzene (5 cc.) was shaken at room temperature in an atmosphere of hydrogen. Over a period of five hours 80 cc. of hydrogen were absorbed. Octane was determined in the product of the hydrogenation by vapour phase chromatographic analysis.
EXAMPLE 5 IrH (PPh as a hydrogen transfer catalyst A mixture of cyclohexanone (6 g.), isopropanol (33.5 g.) and 0.1 g. of IrH (PPh was refluxed at 82 C. for six and a half hours. During the reaction acetone was continuously removed and additional cyclohexanone (4.96 g.) and isopropanol (7.7 g.) added. Analysis of the reaction product revealed 7.5 g. of cyclohexanol to 1getlher with unchanged cyclohexanone and isopropyl alco- EXAMPLE 6 IrH (PPh as a hydroformylation catalyst A mixture of IrH (PPh (0.36 g.) in dry benzene (20 cc.) was heated at C. under a gas pressure of 1000 atmospheres (gas composition 92% ethylene, 4% carbon monoxide and 4% hydrogen by volume) for one hour. 1.7 g. of propionaldehyde was recovered from the product of the hydroformylation process.
EXAMPLE 7 IrH (PPh as an olefi ne isomerization catalyst A solution of IrH (PPh (10- molar) in benzene containing octene-l (2 molar) was refluxed at 80 C.
under nitrogen. A vapour phase chromatographic examination of the product of the reaction revealed the presence of isomers of octene.
EXAMPLE 8 Preparation of IrH (PEt (1) By lithium aluminium hydride reduction.Lithium aluminium hydride (0.35 g.) was added in portions over three hours to a stirred suspension of trans-trichloro tris (triethyl phosphine) iridium III (IrCl (PEt in boiling tetrahydrofuran (15 cc.). The product was isolated with light petroleum (B.P. 4060 C.) and recrystallised from methanol as white prisms, M.P. 33- 34 C.
(2) By lithium borohydride reduction.( 1) above was repeated replacing the lithium aluminium hydride by 0.4 g. of lithium borohydride. The light petroleum (B.P. 6080 C.) extract of the crude reaction product deposited triethyl phosphine borane .as colourless needles (M.P. 4548 C.). The required IrH (PEt was obtained by evaporating the petroleum mother liquors to dryness and recrystallising the residue from methanol.
EXAMPLE 9 Preparation of and Lithium aluminium hydride (0.35 g.) was added portionwise over 10 min. to a stirred solution of trichloro tris (diethyl phenyl phosphine) iridium III (IrC1 (PEt Ph)3) (1.0 g.) in tetrahydrofuran cc.).
The mixture was heated under reflux for one hour, cooled and hydrolysed with wet tetrahydrofuran. Ether was added, the solvents removed under reduced pressure and the product isolated with light petroleum (B.P. 4060 C.). The crude product, on digesting with methanol, yielded crystals which on recrystallisation from methanol gave IrH (PEt Ph) (0.33 g.) as white prisms, M.P. 7880 C. (decomp.). On concentrating the methanol washings lrH (PEt Ph) was obtained as colourless needles (M.P. 107-109 C.).
EXAMPLE 10 Preparation of IrH (AsEt Ph) A mixture of trichloro tris (diethyl diphenyl arsine) iridium III (IrCl (AsEt Ph) (1.0 g.), lithium aluminum hydride (0.4 g.) and tetrahydrofuran (10 cc.) was heated under reflux for 1% hours. After hydrolysis with wet tetrahydrofuran the mixture was evaporated to dryness and the light petroleum (B.P. 4060 C.) soluble fraction recrystallised from ethanol to give IrH (AsEt Ph) as white needles, M.P. 75 C. When lithium borohydride was used as reducing agent a similar yield was obtained.
EXAMPLE 11 Preparation of IrH (PPh (1) A mixture of hydrido dichloro tris (triphenyl phosphine) iridium Ill (IrHCl (PPh (1.0 g.) lithium aluminium hydride (0.4 g.) and tetrahydrofuran (15 cc.) was heated under reflux for 1 hour. Wet tetrahydrofuran was then added and the tetrahydrofurau-soluble portion recrystallised from tetrahydrofuran to give IrH (PPh as white needles, M.P. 225-227" C. (vac. decomp.).
(2) A mixture of triphenylphosphine, (PPh (0.27 g.), trihydro bis (triphenyl phosphine) iridium III (0.75 g.) and tetrahydrofuran (15 cc.) was heated under reflux until most of the solid material had dissolved (40 mins.). The hot mixture was filtered and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure and cooled to give IrH (PPh 6 EXAMPLE 12 IrH (PPh as a hydrogenation catalyst A 5.7)(10' molar solution of IrH (PIPh in benzene (25 cc.) and octene-l (20 cc.) was heated to reflux (SS- C.) and stirred with a cruciform stirrer attached to a gas burette containing hydrogen gas. Over a period of 400 minutes 700 cc. of hydrogen gas were absorbed. The product was analysed by vapour phase chromatography to show the presence of n-octane. No. octene-l was detected.
The above was repeated replacing the octene-l by 20 cc. 1,5-cyclo-octadiene. After 265 minutes 606 cc. of hydrogen had been absorbed. Vapour phase chromatographic analysis showed the presence of cyclo-octene and 1,3 cyclo-octadiene, the presence of the latter product demonstrating the power of IrH (PPh to catalyse the isomerisation of the double bonds.
EXAMPLE 13 IrH (PPh as a hydrogenation catalyst Following the procedure described in Example 3(b) IrH (PPh was found to catalyse the hydrogenation of phenyl acetylene to ethyl benzene and styrene.
Following the procedure of Example 3(a) however IrH (PPh was found to hydrogenate terminal double bonds (primary olefine) e.g. octene-l, but not non-termi nal double bonds (secondary olefine) e.g. octene-2. This is in contrast to IrH (PPh which will hydrogenate non-terminal double bonds under the relatively milder conditions described in Example 3(a).
EXAMPLE l4 IrH (PPh as a hydrogen transfer catalyst 25 ml. of allyl alcohol and 0.1 g. of IrH (PIPh were refluxed for 12 hours. On analysis by vapour phase chromatography the reaction mixture was found to contain 1 /2% by weight n-propanol and 3 /2% by weight acrolein. Propionaldehyde was formed as a byproduct.
I claim:
1. A process for the production of iridium compounds of formula:
in which R R R are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or heterocyclic groups, in which a compound of formula:
in which at least one Y is an anionic element or group and any remaining Y being hydrogen atoms, and n is 3 dissolved or suspended in an inert solvent is contacted with a complex hydride of boron to form a complex compound and the complex compound decomposed to yield the desired iridium compound.
2. The process of claim 1 in which at least one Y is a carboxylate or cyanide group or a halogen atom.
3. The process of claim 2 in which the inert solvent is an ether.
4. The process of claim 2 in which the complex hydride of boron is an alkali metal boron hydride.
5. The process of claim 4 in which the complex compound formed between the compound of formula IrY (P[R R R and the complex hydride of boron is decomposed by the addition of water or an alcohol.
6. The process of claim 5 in which the temperature is in the range 50 to C.
7. The process of claim 1 in which R R and R are phenyl groups.
8. The process of claim 1 in which at least one R R R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
9. The process of claim 8 in which the alkyl group is selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or isobutyl.
(References on following page) 3,458,547 7 8 References Cited Angoletta: Gazz. Chim. ItaL, 92 (1962), p. 811-7. Malatesta et a1.: Proceedings of the 8th International Chan et chem 1963 3371-3 Conference on Coordination Chemistry, Vienna, Sept. TOBIAS LEVOW Primary Examiner 7-11, 1964, Springer-Verlag, Vienna, 1964, p. 210-3.
Hurd: Chemistry of the Hydrides, John Wiley and 5 DEMERS Asslstant Exammer Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1952, p. 163. US Cl XR Nystrom et 211.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 71 (1949), p. 3245-6. 252-431; 260-290, 464, 596, 603, 604, 631, 638, 666,
Hayter: I. Am. Chem. Soc., 83 (1961), p. 1259. 667,669,683-6i683-9fl90
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GB24771/65A GB1130743A (en) | 1965-06-11 | 1965-06-11 | Organo-iridium complexes |
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US741859A Expired - Lifetime US3574716A (en) | 1965-06-11 | 1968-07-02 | Hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones |
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US3513210A (en) * | 1969-02-24 | 1970-05-19 | Du Pont | Hydrogenation of cyclododecatriene |
US3725489A (en) * | 1969-10-02 | 1973-04-03 | Allied Chem | Hydrogenation of alkenes employing an organometallic hydrogenation catalyst |
US3865893A (en) * | 1970-09-30 | 1975-02-11 | Judith G Thatcher | Conversion process utilizing homogeneous metal catalysts |
US3965192A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1976-06-22 | Union Oil Company Of California | Hydrocarbonylation process |
US3976596A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1976-08-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Hydridometallic carborane catalytic compounds |
US4100208A (en) * | 1970-05-29 | 1978-07-11 | Snam Progetti S.P.A. | Process for the production of unsaturated compounds |
US4117016A (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1978-09-26 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Process for structural modification of unsaturated alcohols |
US4119652A (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1978-10-10 | Monsanto Company | Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation |
US4191696A (en) * | 1978-07-24 | 1980-03-04 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Oxidation process using metal nitro complex |
US4267383A (en) * | 1979-05-04 | 1981-05-12 | Celanese Corporation | Hydrocarbonylation |
US4322562A (en) * | 1978-07-24 | 1982-03-30 | Allied Corporation | Oxidation process using metal nitro or nitrosyl complex |
US4409411A (en) * | 1981-09-17 | 1983-10-11 | Allied Corporation | Process of hydrogenating benzenes and group IVa metal hydride catalysts therefor |
US4414417A (en) * | 1980-01-23 | 1983-11-08 | Montedison, S.P.A. | Process for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated ketones |
US4482748A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1984-11-13 | Celanese Corporation | Hydrocarbonylation |
US4849534A (en) * | 1985-02-21 | 1989-07-18 | Bergman Robert G | Hydridomethyl iridium complex |
US4978771A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1990-12-18 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the selective hydrogenation of unsatuated compounds |
US5214220A (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1993-05-25 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the preparation of alcohols |
USRE34548E (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1994-02-15 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds |
US20040022798A1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2004-02-05 | Societe D'exploitation De Produits Pour Les Industries Chimiques Seppic | Stratified and cryogenically stored vaccines, process for their preparation |
US6777565B2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2004-08-17 | Board Of Trustees, The University Of Illinois | Organometallic compounds and their use as precursors for forming films and powders of metal or metal derivatives |
US20090029036A1 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2009-01-29 | Christian Dussarrat | cobalt precursors for semiconductor applications |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1232015A (en) * | 1967-07-27 | 1971-05-19 | ||
FR2435457A1 (en) * | 1978-06-29 | 1980-04-04 | Ugine Kuhlmann | HEXAHYDRO-1,2,3,4,4A, 9A ANTHRACENE-DIONE-9,10, ITS PREPARATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE DELIGNIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS |
GB8815328D0 (en) * | 1988-06-28 | 1988-08-03 | Shell Int Research | Process for reduction of carbonyl compounds |
JP2739254B2 (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1998-04-15 | 高砂香料工業株式会社 | Iridium-optically active phosphine complex and method for producing optically active alcohol using the same |
US5210332A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1993-05-11 | Takasago International Corporation | Iridium-optically active phosphine complex and process for producing optically active alcohols using the same |
DE69332453T2 (en) * | 1992-05-12 | 2003-06-18 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc., Baytown | Arsin as moderator for acetylene conversion |
US6008393A (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 1999-12-28 | Novartis Ag | Iridium-diphospine complexes and process for the hydrogenation of imines |
-
1965
- 1965-06-11 GB GB24930/68A patent/GB1135979A/en not_active Expired
- 1965-06-11 GB GB24771/65A patent/GB1130743A/en not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-06-06 US US555215A patent/US3458547A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-06-10 NL NL6608122A patent/NL6608122A/xx unknown
-
1968
- 1968-07-02 US US741859A patent/US3574716A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3965192A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1976-06-22 | Union Oil Company Of California | Hydrocarbonylation process |
US4482748A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1984-11-13 | Celanese Corporation | Hydrocarbonylation |
US3513210A (en) * | 1969-02-24 | 1970-05-19 | Du Pont | Hydrogenation of cyclododecatriene |
US3725489A (en) * | 1969-10-02 | 1973-04-03 | Allied Chem | Hydrogenation of alkenes employing an organometallic hydrogenation catalyst |
US4100208A (en) * | 1970-05-29 | 1978-07-11 | Snam Progetti S.P.A. | Process for the production of unsaturated compounds |
US3865893A (en) * | 1970-09-30 | 1975-02-11 | Judith G Thatcher | Conversion process utilizing homogeneous metal catalysts |
US4119652A (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1978-10-10 | Monsanto Company | Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation |
US3976596A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1976-08-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Hydridometallic carborane catalytic compounds |
US4117016A (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1978-09-26 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Process for structural modification of unsaturated alcohols |
US4322562A (en) * | 1978-07-24 | 1982-03-30 | Allied Corporation | Oxidation process using metal nitro or nitrosyl complex |
US4191696A (en) * | 1978-07-24 | 1980-03-04 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Oxidation process using metal nitro complex |
US4267383A (en) * | 1979-05-04 | 1981-05-12 | Celanese Corporation | Hydrocarbonylation |
US4414417A (en) * | 1980-01-23 | 1983-11-08 | Montedison, S.P.A. | Process for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated ketones |
US4409411A (en) * | 1981-09-17 | 1983-10-11 | Allied Corporation | Process of hydrogenating benzenes and group IVa metal hydride catalysts therefor |
US4849534A (en) * | 1985-02-21 | 1989-07-18 | Bergman Robert G | Hydridomethyl iridium complex |
USRE34548E (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1994-02-15 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds |
US4978771A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1990-12-18 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the selective hydrogenation of unsatuated compounds |
US5214220A (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1993-05-25 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the preparation of alcohols |
US6777565B2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2004-08-17 | Board Of Trustees, The University Of Illinois | Organometallic compounds and their use as precursors for forming films and powders of metal or metal derivatives |
US20040022798A1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2004-02-05 | Societe D'exploitation De Produits Pour Les Industries Chimiques Seppic | Stratified and cryogenically stored vaccines, process for their preparation |
US7807169B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2010-10-05 | Societe D'exploitation De Produits Pour Les Industries Chiimiques Septic | Stratified and cryogenically stored vaccines, process for their preparation |
US20090029036A1 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2009-01-29 | Christian Dussarrat | cobalt precursors for semiconductor applications |
US8372473B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2013-02-12 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Cobalt precursors for semiconductor applications |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3574716A (en) | 1971-04-13 |
GB1135979A (en) | 1968-12-11 |
GB1130743A (en) | 1968-10-16 |
NL6608122A (en) | 1966-12-12 |
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