US3453704A - Explosive bonding of metals - Google Patents

Explosive bonding of metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3453704A
US3453704A US553748A US3453704DA US3453704A US 3453704 A US3453704 A US 3453704A US 553748 A US553748 A US 553748A US 3453704D A US3453704D A US 3453704DA US 3453704 A US3453704 A US 3453704A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pressure
bonded
explosive
bonding
steel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US553748A
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English (en)
Inventor
Taira Nakano
Asahiko Goto
Kaname Yano
Syojiro Shibata
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of US3453704A publication Critical patent/US3453704A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B23K20/08—Explosive welding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure

Definitions

  • brittle layer is avoided by first finishing the surfaces to be bonded so that the roughness thereof, measured in terms of the centerline average height (H,,., is less than 0.7 micron, then juxtaposing the so finished surfaces, and then subjecting the same to such explosive pressure bonding.
  • H centerline average height
  • This invention relates to methods of explosive-pressure-bonding titanium, zirconium, tantalum, copper or aluminum or an alloy based on any of them with steel.
  • titanium or the like hereinafter When these metals or alloys, referred to as titanium or the like hereinafter, are explosivepressure-bonded with steel, a brittle hard layer will often be formed along the boundary of both metals. Such hard layer is believed to be composed mostly of an intermetallic compound of both metals. In the case of titanium, it usually shows a Vickers hardness of more than 800 and, as shown at H in FIG. 2, many micro-fissures are observed. If there is such a hard layer between the pressure bonded parts they will tend to exfoliate (i.e., peel or separate) and the exfoliation resistance will be reduced.
  • Such hard layer varies depending on the amount of the powder used in the explosive-pressure-bonding or, in other words, the magnitude of the explosive energy of the powder. If a powder of a large explosive energy is used, the formation of the hard layer will be great but, if a powder of a small energy is used, the formation of the hard layer will be small. Therefore, in order to make the formation of such hard layer as small as possible, a powder of a small explosive energy may be used but, in such case, the bonding force of the pressure-bonded parts will be reduced and no high exfoliation resistance will be obtained. It is not easy with the usual pressure-bonding techniques to reduce the formation of hard layer and increase the bonding force of the pressure-bonded parts.
  • the present invention is a method characterized by finishing the surfaces of two metal pieces to be pressurebonded so as to be such smooth surfaces that the rough ness of the surfaces will be less than about 0.7 micron and then explosive-pressure-bonding both metal pieces by using a considerable amount of a powder, thereby preventing the formation of a brittle hard layer in the pressure-bonded parts and increasing the bonding force of the pressure-bonded parts.
  • the method of the present invention is directed to reduce the friction heat generated between both metals in explosivepressure-bonding titanium or the like with steel.
  • the metal surfaces to be pressure bonded are worked or finished so that the roughness of the surfaces is reduced to a value of less than 0.7 micron, said roughness being a center line average roughness (H
  • H This unit of measurement of surface roughness is that used in England and Japan and means the center line average height (CLA) in microns (,u).
  • RMS root mean square
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the explosivepressure-bonding method
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view (magnification: 40 times) of a bond between titanium and steel obtained by conventional explosive pressure bonding method;
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2. but showing the bond obtained by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relation between surface roughness and exfoliation strength.
  • the present invention can be applied for the same purpose in the case of explosive-pressure-bonding such acidproof alloys as stainless steel, Hastelloy or Monel, nickel or ordinary steel to steel. That is to say, when such metal is explosive-pressure-bonded to steel, without using the present invention, a fused layer will be produced at the juncture and will have so many defects that a high exfoliation strength will not be able to be obtained. But, if the method of the present invention is applied, for the same reasons as are described above, the formation of such fused layer will be prevented and a very high exfoliation strength will be obtained.
  • titanium was bonded to steel by the explosive-pressure-bonding method.
  • a steel plate 12 mm. thick and two titanium plates respectively 1.5 and 3 mm. thick were prepared.
  • the surface to be bonded of each plate was ground to be of each of two kinds of roughness respectively of 0.4 to 0.5 and 2.5 to 3 microns (H by using an emery paper or grindstone. Then they were linearly explosive-pressure-bonded together by using a powder.
  • the steel plate and titanium plate were rectangular, were overlapped as crossed with each other and were linearly pressure-bonded in the crossed parts.
  • the exfoliation test was made by pulling both metal plates in the directions reverse to each other.
  • FIG. 4 shows the variation of the exfoliation strength of the pressure-bonded part in case the roughness of the surface to be bonded was varied when a titanium plate was to be explosive-pressure-bonded to a steel plate. It is seen therefrom that the exfoliation strength sharply rises when the roughness of the surface to be bonded is about 0.7 to
  • the present invention has the same effect in the case of explosive-pressure-bonding not only titanium and stainless steel but also zirconium, tantalum, copper, aluminum, Hastelloy, Monel, nickel and ordinary steel to steel.
  • the shape of the pressure-bond may be a point, line or area (as in titanium or the like with a clad steel plate).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
US553748A 1965-05-28 1966-05-31 Explosive bonding of metals Expired - Lifetime US3453704A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3152565 1965-05-28

Publications (1)

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US3453704A true US3453704A (en) 1969-07-08

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US553748A Expired - Lifetime US3453704A (en) 1965-05-28 1966-05-31 Explosive bonding of metals

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US (1) US3453704A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE681628A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1577094B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1087260A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004073913A3 (en) * 2003-02-14 2004-12-23 Ball Burnishing Machine Tool L Method of explosive welding
CN109262140A (zh) * 2018-10-12 2019-01-25 吉林大学 哈氏合金与不锈钢异种材料连接方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5531369A (en) * 1993-08-02 1996-07-02 Electric Power Research Institute Process for making machines resistant to cavitation and liquid droplet erosion

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3024527A (en) * 1958-02-18 1962-03-13 Frank E Buyken Method of producing concrete form ties and the like
US3116548A (en) * 1958-01-03 1964-01-07 Smith Corp A O Method of bonding metal members
US3137937A (en) * 1960-10-26 1964-06-23 Du Pont Explosive bonding
US3194643A (en) * 1962-07-20 1965-07-13 Lukens Steel Co Clad metal product
US3258841A (en) * 1963-01-23 1966-07-05 Du Pont Method for explosively bonding metal layers
US3264731A (en) * 1963-03-11 1966-08-09 Du Pont Bonding process
US3331121A (en) * 1964-12-29 1967-07-18 Du Pont Rolling explosion-bonded titanium clads

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3116548A (en) * 1958-01-03 1964-01-07 Smith Corp A O Method of bonding metal members
US3024527A (en) * 1958-02-18 1962-03-13 Frank E Buyken Method of producing concrete form ties and the like
US3137937A (en) * 1960-10-26 1964-06-23 Du Pont Explosive bonding
US3194643A (en) * 1962-07-20 1965-07-13 Lukens Steel Co Clad metal product
US3258841A (en) * 1963-01-23 1966-07-05 Du Pont Method for explosively bonding metal layers
US3264731A (en) * 1963-03-11 1966-08-09 Du Pont Bonding process
US3331121A (en) * 1964-12-29 1967-07-18 Du Pont Rolling explosion-bonded titanium clads

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004073913A3 (en) * 2003-02-14 2004-12-23 Ball Burnishing Machine Tool L Method of explosive welding
CN109262140A (zh) * 2018-10-12 2019-01-25 吉林大学 哈氏合金与不锈钢异种材料连接方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1577094B2 (de) 1973-05-17
GB1087260A (en) 1967-10-18
BE681628A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-10-31
DE1577094A1 (de) 1970-01-08

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