US345212A - byllesby - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 sheetssheen 1.

H. M. BYLLESBY.

SYSTEM 0F ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTIGN.

No. 345,212. Patented July 6, 1886.

(No Model.) a sheets-sheet 2.

H. M. BYLLESBYI SYSTEM 0F ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

No. 345,212. Patented July 6, 1886.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-.Sheet 3.

H. M. BYLLESBY.

SYSTEM 0T ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

N. PETERS4 Phnwmhagmpm. wnshmgxun, D. C.

UNITED STATE-s PATENT Orricn.

HENRY M. BYLLESBY, OE ROSELLE, NEV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO GEORGE YESTINGHOUSE, JR., OE PITTSBUBG, PENNSYLVANIA.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRlCAL DlSTREBUTlGN.

FECIEICATIDN forming part of Letters Patent No. 345,212, dated July 5, 1886n Application filed March 18, 1886. Serial No. 195,625.

To @ZZ uffi/0m it may concern:

Be it known that l, HENRY M. BYLLEsBY, a citizen ol the United States, residing in Roselle, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Systems of Electrical Distribution, of which the following is a speciiication.

The invention relates to an organization of circuits and apparatus for distributing electric energy and regulating its supply to different portions of a system of translatiiig-circuits.

The object of the invention is to provide convenient means for supplying electric currents of the required character to different translating devices, located at different points, and to econoinize in the construction of the plant by reducing as much as possible the amount of conductors required.

The invention is especially applicable to iucandescent electric-lighting systems, and will be described with special reference thereto, although it is also useful to other systems of electric distribution and translation.

In systems of electrical distribution it is usually found more economical to convey the energy in the forni of high potential currents rather than as currents of low potential, and for this reason it has been desired, in operating systems of translating devices requiring currents ol" comparatively low potential, to provide means for conveying` the energy to the vicinity of the devices in the form of currents of high potential, and then utilizing it without material loss or waste. ln systems of incandescentelectric lighting, for instance, usually currents oi" about one hundred volts are required. rlhelights are usually connected in multiple arc between conductors leading from the source of electricity. Itis evident that it is then necessary only to maintain the difference of potential between the two conductors at one hundred volts, and thus the currents transmitted from the source must be comparatively low in potential. Now, it is evident that the lights might be placed in multiple series instead of multiple are, two or more being included in each of the conductors counecting the main or supply conductors, then the dilference of potential required between the two supply-conductors would be corre- (No model.)

spondingly increased--as, for instance, if two lights were included in each series, then the difference of potential required would be two hundred volts. Heretofore such an organization has been found inexpedieut for various reasons. `For example, any injury to a light in one of the series-as, for instance, the interruption of the circuit therethrough would necessarily extinguish the other light. The special purpose of this invention is, therefore, to provide asystem iu which any desired number of translating devices may be connected in multiple series, and the currents supplied to each of them be practically independent of the condition of the others.

The invention consists in leading from the opposite poles of adynamo electric machine or group of the same, or from other suitable sources of electricity, main conductors which supply the required currents to the derived or distributing conductors, and in supplying to each set of distributingconductors an independent intermediate conductor. Incandescent lights or other translating devices are placed in circuit between this intermediate conductor and each derived conductor. ln this manner currents from the positive pole of the source traverse the translating devices to the intermediate conductor, thence through a second group of translating devices to the conductor connected with the negative pole of the source. Means are provided for compensating for any material variation in resistance which may be encountered between either the positive or negative conductor and the intermediate conductor, such variations being due to the withdrawal or insertion of translating devices.

The invention further consists in employing automatically-operating means for introducing and withdrawing the resistance from one side or the other of the intermediate conductors, as required, and in cert-ain minor features, which will be hereinafter pointed out.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a diagram illustrating an organization of apparatus and circuits adapted to carry out the invention. Eig. 2 illustrates a form of automatic resistance-controller, and Figs. 3 and 4 are diagrams illustrating modiiications in the system of circuits.

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' Referring to the figures, A A2 Aarepresent three electric generators of any suitable type, and a c2 their respective collector-brushes. The generators are here represented as being connected in multiple arc between two main conductors, L and L2. larity-say the positive-are supplied to the conductor L', and currents of the opposite polarity to the conductor L2. Conductors Z and Z are respectively led from the conductors L and L2, and conductors m2 and n2 are derived from the conductors Z and Z2, respectively. An intermediate conductor, Z, connected normally with neither the conductor L nor L2, is provided with two branches, m and n. Between the conductors m and m2 are included "in multiplearc translating devices b b', and between the conductors n and u2, in a similar manner, other translating devices, b2 b2, are included. There are thus two multiple-arc groups connected in series between the conductors Z and Z2. y Let it be supposed that the translating devices b b and b2 b2 require electric currents of 'one hundred volts upon the two conductors m m2 or fn n2, between which they are placed, then the difference of potential required upon the lines L and L2 will be two hundred volts. It will be apparent that for the successful operation of the system the .resistance between the conductors Z and Z should be approximately equal to the resistance between the conductors Z and Z2-that is to say, the number of translating devices between the conductors m and m2 should be approximately the same as between the conductors n and n2. It is found, however, that the resistance between these two pairs of conductors may be varied considerably without any material detrimental effect. For instance, severallights b may be withdrawn from the circuit without materially modifying the brilliancy of the lights b2; but beyond a certain point this would not be possible, and therefore means must be provided for maintaining an approximately constant balance between the line Z and Z and Z and Z2. To accomplish this in a convenient manner, a series of artificial resistances, r r', are arranged so that they may be conveniently placed in circuit between the conductor Z or the main conductor L and the conductor Z when it is necessary t-o compensate for a withdrawal of the lamps from the group b b', and likewise a second series of resistance, r2 r2, is arranged to be placed in circuit between the conductorsZ and Z2, to compensate for the withdrawal of lights from the group b2 b2. A

switch, R, is for this reason connected with the lineZ, and aconductor, 1, leads from the line to the end of the series of articial resistances r r. In like manner, the end of the series of resistances 1^2r2 is connected by a conductor, 2, with the main line L2. By moving the arm R along the range of contacts c c', between which the resistancesr r are connected, the conductors Z and Z may be connected with each other through a greater or less amount of resista-nce,

Currents of one po-v and likewise the conductors Z and Z2 may be connected through a greater or less resistance by movinga switch, R', along a series of points, c2 c2, between which the resistances r2 r2 are placed. These artificial resistances may with convenience be the imperfect lamps which constitute the byproduct of the factory, and in this manner the energypconsumed in traversing the artificial resistances will be productive of light, and thus to a certain extent utilized. f

For the purpose of readily determining the condition of either group of lights and the amount of resistance necessary to be inserted to maintain the balance, any convenient form of volt-meters may be connected in conductors 4 and 5, as shown at D' and D2, between the conductors Z and Z and Z and Z2, respectively.

The system of conductors Z and Z2 may be duplicated to any required extent, and a sec oud system is indicated, Z2, Z, and Z5, the organization being essentially the same as that described, and the currents traversing the conductors being employedv for operating translating devices b3 b3 and b4 b". Aswitch, R2, is applied to the conductors Z2', Zt, and Z5 in the same manner as described with reference to the switch R,and for similar purposes. Other conductors, similar to the conductors m and m2, may be derived from the conductors Z and Z, and the system generally may be expanded to any desired extent, and in practice it may be desired to organize the system withseveral of such supply-conductors, so that the resistances between the two sides of the system will be more likely to be approximately equal in the normal operation of the system.

rIhe conductors L and L2 are respectively represented as being continued from the dynamos in the opposite direction, as shown at L3 and L4, and subsidiary supply-conductors Z Z7 Zare led from these conductors. Currents thus derived are employed for supplying translating devices 1151 5 and b b, included between conductors m5 and m and n2 and n2, respectively. In this instance the number of lights included between the conductors m5 and m is represented as less thanbetween the conductors n and n.6, and therefore the switch R3 is moved into contact with one of the switchpoints which serves to connect the conductor Z7 with the conductor Z6 through an articial resistance, r2, of such value as to compensate IIO for the relative increase of resistance which is I occasioned between the conductors m5 and m6.

In Fig. 2 there is represented a special form of resistance-controller adapted to automatically introduce and withdraw the resistance from one side or the other, as is required by theoperations in the translating-circuits.` This consists of two electro-magnets, E and E2, which are respectively included in the conductors 4 and 5, including the volt-meters D and D2 upon the opposite sides of the conductors Z. A lever, F, pivoted at f, carries two soft-iron cores, e e2, which respectively enter the coils E and E2, and serve to tilt the barF in one direction or the other, according as the attraction exerted by either coil p reponderatcs over that exerted by the other. Should the resistance between the conductorZ and Z be increased, and more current forced to traverse the coil E', then the lever F will be tilted to the left, or should the current through the coil E2 exceed that through the coil E, then it will be tilted toward the right hand. The lever F carries the switch-arm R', and this is applied to the series of contact-points c and c and c2 and c2, so that the resistances r and r or r2 r2 will be automatically introduced and withdrawn from circuit, as required. A dash-pot, G, may be applied to an extension, g, at one end ofthe lever, if it is desired, for the purpose of rendering the movement of the lever gradual, and preventing it from responding too quickly to slight changes in the resistance of the circuit. As it may be desired in some instances to adjust this resistance by hand, a sprocket-wheel or other convenient device, H, is attached to the arbor j" of the lever F, as shown.

In Fig. 3 an organization is illustrated in which the invention is applied toa system requiring a difference of potential of three hundred volts. In this instance the main lines L and L'-7 are supplied by one or more dynamoelectric machines, A A2, as before. These furnish a current of three hundred volts. The line Z leads from the line L, as before, and likewise the line Z2 leads from the line L2. Instead of one intermediate conductor, however, Z, two of such conductors, Z and Z, are einployed, each leading from a switch, as shown at R and R, respectively. The lights b b are included between the conductors m and m2, as before, and likewise the lights b2 b2 are placed between the conductors a and n?. The resistances r and 1'* are inserted and withdrawn in the same manner as described with reference to Fig. l. Another system of lights, bo, is inserted between two conductors, 0 and o2, respectively, leading` from the conductors Z and ZU, so that the currents in passing from the conductor Z to the conductor Z2 traverse three groups of translating devices, and these absorb the current of three hundred volts. The resistance between the lines Z and Z is regulated in the same manner as described in Fig. l, and likewise the resistance between the line ZU and Z`' by a switch-arm, R0, but the resistance and consequent difference of potential between Z and Z" is regulated by another set of resistances, ro, which may be brought into circuit by the colnbined action of the switches R and R when the resistance offered by the translating devices bo between these two becomes excessive.

In Fig. 4 an organization is illustrated in which the resistances r and r2 are applied directly to the conductors L and L2 at the generators A and A2, and the switch It is employed for connecting the intermediate conductor L5 through more or less of either resistance. This organization is desirable when a number of leads, Z Z`-, Z Zi", and Z7 Z, are derived from the conductors L and L2, for then only the unbalanced resistance occurring throughout the system need be compensated for. rEhe intermediate conductors Z, l, and Z are derived from the conductor lf. it is evident that should the resistance between the lines Z Z become greater than that between the lines Z and Z2, and at the same time the resistance between the. lines Z and Z5 become correspondingly greater than that between the lines Z andZ, then these two differences will compensate for each other. In this manner the algebraic sum of the differences in the several derived systems may be compensated for by either the resistances i" or rl.

l claim as my inventionl. rEhe combination, with a source of electricity and supply-conductors leading therefrom, of a normally-disconnected conductor and two groups of translating devices respectively included between said supply-conductors and said normallydisconnected conductor, substantially as described.

The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with a source of electricity and two supply-conductors leading therefrom, ot' a normally-disconnected conductor, two groups of translating devices respectively included between said supply-conductors and said normally-disconnected conductor, an adjustable artificial resistance, and a switch for inserting said resistance between one of said supply-conductors and said independent conductor at will.

3. The combination, with a source of elec` tricity and conductors leading from the opposite poles thereof, of an independent conductor normallyin connection with neither pole, two systems of translating devices respectively included between said independent conductor and the two supply-conductors, an adjustable artificial resistance normally out of circuit, and means for connecting said independent conductor with one or the other of said supply-conductors through more or less of said resistance.

et. IIhe combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with a source of electricity and supply-conductors leading therefrom, of two series of derived conductors leading from said supply-conductors, translating devices included in circuit between said derived conductors in multiple series, two artificial resistances normally out of circuit, and means for substituting more or less of either of said resistances for said translating devices.

5. The combination, with a source of electricity and 'two conductors leading from the respective poles thereof, of an independent conductor normally out of circuit with the generator, translating devices included between each of said supply-conductors and said independent couductor, two magnetiziug-coils respectively included between said supply-conductors and said independent conductor, a lever tilted in one direction or the opposite by IOC IIO

a preponderance of current through the one or In testimony whereof I have hereunto sub- 1o the other of said coils, and two artificial resistscribed my name this 15th day of March, A. D. ances,1nore or less of one or the other of which 1886. is introduced into circuit between one or the 5 other of said supply-cond actors and said iude- HENRY M. BYLLESBY.

pendent conductor, according as the attractive force of the coil included between the same Witnesses: conductors preponderates over` that of the WM. LEE CHURCH, other coil. CHARLES A. TERRY.

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