US345046A - Construction of tunnels - Google Patents
Construction of tunnels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US345046A US345046A US345046DA US345046A US 345046 A US345046 A US 345046A US 345046D A US345046D A US 345046DA US 345046 A US345046 A US 345046A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- asphalt
- tunnel
- tunnels
- saturated
- construction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940077002 Keystone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000000282 Nails Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
Definitions
- my invention consists in providing a brick or stone tunnel, subway, or arch with a lining of terra-cotta lumber or a porous earthen ware prod uct saturated or deeply coated with asphalt.
- A represents the stone or brick work of the tunnel
- B the blocks of terra-cotta lumber, saturated or deeply coated with asphalt.
- the tcrra-cotta lumber which I use must be distinguished from ordinary terra-cotta.
- the latter is porous, but only to a slight extent as compared with the former.
- the terra-cotta lumber is produced by mixing vegetable with earthen matter and burning out the vegetable matter in the kiln, leaving the material extremely porous, the degree of porosity depending upon the proportion of vegetable to earthen matter. This material is not materially affected by heat or cold, is a non-conductor of electricity, and can be saturated or deeply coated with asphalt.
- the saturation or impregnation of the material with asphalt is most thoroughly accomplished by heating it in an exhausted receiver and admitting the asphalt thereto while the air is exhausted and the material in a heated condition.
- I line or form the inner surface of a subway, arch, or tunnel of this porous material saturated or deeply coated with asphalt.
- the blocks of terracotta lumber are saturated or deeply coated with asphalt, and as they are united by a bond of the same material, there is no possibility of any leakage of water from the surrounding earth into the tunnel.
- the blocks may be laid upon each other and held in place by the key-stone, as illustrated 1n the drawing, or they may be nailed or otherwise secured to the mortarjoints of the brick or stone work, as the terra-cotta lumber will readily receive nails.
- Subways or tunnels may be constructed witlrsuch a lining, or any existing structure of this clraracter may be provided therewith.
- the l ning may also be placed without instead of within, and serve as a means of Waterproofing.
- a subway, arch, tunnel, or similar structure provided with a layer of'terra-cotta lum bcr coated or saturated with asphalt, substantially as described.
- a subway, tunnel, arch, orsimilarstruc ture the innersurface of which consists of or is lined with terracotta lumber coated or saturated with asphalt, substantially as described.
- a subway, tunnel, arch, or'similar structure having an inner surface or lining formed of blocks of terra-cotta lumber coated or saturated with asphalt and bonded together with the same material, substantially as described.
Description
(No Model.) I
G G. GILMAN.
CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS.
Patented July 6, v 1886.
mmm nv r. Wu
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
CHARLES CARROLL GILMAN, OF ELDORA, IOWA.
CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 345,046, dated July 6, 1886.
Application filed April 2, 1886. Serial No. 197,541. (No model.)
the wires devoted to electrical service that may be placed therein, and to accomplish these results by a construction which is light, indestructible, and relatively inexpensive.
To this end my invention consists in providing a brick or stone tunnel, subway, or arch with a lining of terra-cotta lumber or a porous earthen ware prod uct saturated or deeply coated with asphalt.
In the accompanying drawing, forming part of the specification, is represented a crosssection of an arch, subway, or tunnel constructed in accordance with my invention.
In said drawing, A represents the stone or brick work of the tunnel, and B the blocks of terra-cotta lumber, saturated or deeply coated with asphalt. The tcrra-cotta lumber which I use must be distinguished from ordinary terra-cotta. The latter is porous, but only to a slight extent as compared with the former. The terra-cotta lumberis produced by mixing vegetable with earthen matter and burning out the vegetable matter in the kiln, leaving the material extremely porous, the degree of porosity depending upon the proportion of vegetable to earthen matter. This material is not materially affected by heat or cold, is a non-conductor of electricity, and can be saturated or deeply coated with asphalt. The saturation or impregnation of the material with asphalt is most thoroughly accomplished by heating it in an exhausted receiver and admitting the asphalt thereto while the air is exhausted and the material in a heated condition. I line or form the inner surface of a subway, arch, or tunnel of this porous material saturated or deeply coated with asphalt. I bond the blocks with asphalt, instead of with cement or mortar, and thus secure a tight and waterproof joint. As the blocks of terracotta lumber are saturated or deeply coated with asphalt, and as they are united by a bond of the same material, there is no possibility of any leakage of water from the surrounding earth into the tunnel. The blocks may be laid upon each other and held in place by the key-stone, as illustrated 1n the drawing, or they may be nailed or otherwise secured to the mortarjoints of the brick or stone work, as the terra-cotta lumber will readily receive nails. In carrying wires for the electrical service through such a tunnel it is unnecessary to take the usual p recautions to secure insulation, as both the terracotta lumber and the asphalt are bad conductors of electricity, and it will only be necessary to provide proper supports for the wires and cables that may pass therethrough. Subways or tunnels may be constructed witlrsuch a lining, or any existing structure of this clraracter may be provided therewith. The l ning may also be placed without instead of within, and serve as a means of Waterproofing.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-
1. A subway, arch, tunnel, or similar structure provided with a layer of'terra-cotta lum bcr coated or saturated with asphalt, substantially as described.
2. A subway, tunnel, arch, orsimilarstruc ture, the innersurface of which consists of or is lined with terracotta lumber coated or saturated with asphalt, substantially as described.
3. A subway, tunnel, arch, or'similar structure having an inner surface or lining formed of blocks of terra-cotta lumber coated or saturated with asphalt and bonded together with the same material, substantially as described.
vIn testimony whereof I have signed my name in the presence of two witnesses.
CHARLES CARROLL GILMAN.
Witnesses:
THOMAS RIDER,
AMBROSE RIsnoN.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US345046A true US345046A (en) | 1886-07-06 |
Family
ID=2414115
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US345046D Expired - Lifetime US345046A (en) | Construction of tunnels |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US345046A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3171370A (en) * | 1963-08-09 | 1965-03-02 | Gen Refractories Co | Refractory sprung arch |
| US3597890A (en) * | 1969-09-15 | 1971-08-10 | Alfred A Hala | Construction assembly |
| US20090100770A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2009-04-23 | Patrick Sweeney | Architrave Support and Architrave Relating Thereto |
-
0
- US US345046D patent/US345046A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3171370A (en) * | 1963-08-09 | 1965-03-02 | Gen Refractories Co | Refractory sprung arch |
| US3597890A (en) * | 1969-09-15 | 1971-08-10 | Alfred A Hala | Construction assembly |
| US20090100770A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2009-04-23 | Patrick Sweeney | Architrave Support and Architrave Relating Thereto |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US345046A (en) | Construction of tunnels | |
| US513423A (en) | Building-block | |
| US687106A (en) | Paving-block. | |
| CN208105580U (en) | A kind of more, matched exterior wall of Tall Steel house | |
| US355867A (en) | Eussel a | |
| US349472A (en) | Underground conduit | |
| US294354A (en) | Leonabd f | |
| US1187494A (en) | Mausoleum-roof. | |
| KR100779503B1 (en) | Exterior insulation wall finish with eco-friendly waterproof function | |
| US626078A (en) | Tunnel-lining | |
| US328581A (en) | Boiler-covering | |
| US271591A (en) | Method of preventing | |
| US1511769A (en) | Underground conduit | |
| US141437A (en) | Improvement in cemented slate roofing | |
| US338511A (en) | Pavement | |
| US199210A (en) | Improvement in fire-proof roofs and floors | |
| US318023A (en) | Fire and water proof roof | |
| US490630A (en) | Electric conduit | |
| US506108A (en) | fryer | |
| US395584A (en) | Absitxnor riy | |
| USRE10030E (en) | loring | |
| US1990655A (en) | Chimney construction | |
| US338515A (en) | Charles caeeoll oilman | |
| SU688577A1 (en) | Roof and method of making same | |
| US327468A (en) | Means for protecting electrical conductors from the heat of subterranean steam-pipes |