US3448041A - Method and apparatus for treating blood preliminary to its use in transfusions - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for treating blood preliminary to its use in transfusions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3448041A US3448041A US469033A US46903365A US3448041A US 3448041 A US3448041 A US 3448041A US 469033 A US469033 A US 469033A US 46903365 A US46903365 A US 46903365A US 3448041 A US3448041 A US 3448041A
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- Prior art keywords
- blood
- treating
- tube
- altered
- components
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3679—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits by absorption
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/14—Blood; Artificial blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/165—Filtering accessories, e.g. blood filters, filters for infusion liquids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/04—Liquids
Definitions
- This invention relates to method and apparatus for treating blood preliminary to its use in transfusions.
- blood bank blood This is prepared by withdrawing the blood from donors, adding a preservative comprising heparin, or acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) solution, and then storing the blood under carefully controlled conditions until its use is required.
- ACD acid-citrate-dextrose
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a micro-filter assembly employed in testing blood in accordance with the presently described invention
- FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the filtering characteristics of citrated (ACD) blood after varying storage periods, but without having been treated by the presently described method;
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of apparatus employed in treating blood by the presently described method
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are graphs illustrating the filterability of citrated and heparinized bloods which have been treated in the apparatus of FIG. 3, using various types of treating materials.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are elevational and longitudinal sectional views, respectively, of a modified form of apparatus employed in treating blood by the method of the invention
- FIG. 8 is a transverse section along line 8-8 of FIG. 7, illustrating the construction and mode of application of a packing-retaining ring employed in the apparatus of FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 is a plan view of an alternate retaining ring which may be employed in the apparatus of FIGS. 6 and 7;
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged diagrammatic illustration of a blood sample, illustrating the appearance of its storage altered components.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged diagrammatic illustration of the manner in which the storage-altered blood components are removed by the operation of the presently described apparatus;
- FIG. 12 is a transverse section taken along line 12-12 of FIG. 11;
- FIG. 13 is a graph illustrating the eifect of the size of blood filtering elements employed in the herein described apparatus on their efliciency in removal of the storagealtered components of the blood.
- the present invention is predicated upon the discovery that when blood bank blood is stored, its leucocyte and platelet components are altered, developing characteristics which are responsible for the transfusion reactions described above.
- the alteration is evidenced in two ways. First, a proportion of the platelets are rendered adhesive. Second, a proportion of the platelets form aggregates with a proportion of the leucocytes. The aggregates primarily are responsible for the adverse results occurring when old blood is used in blood transfusions.
- the extent of the alteration of the blood is a function of time. It is evidenced by increased resistance to filtration. This property may be tested by use of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1.
- blood may be introduced into an hydraulic pump, illustrated schematically at 10, capable of exerting a potential pressure of 500 psi. and Operated to deliver a constant flow of blood through its outlet.
- the blood is pumped into a plastic block 12 contained in a housing, not illustrated, which maintains the temperature thermostatically at any desired level, for example, at body temperature.
- a passageway 14 extends longitudinally through the block. One end of the passageway receives the outlet of pump 10. The other end empties into a well 16.
- the well is dimensioned to receive a filter screen 18 of selected pore size and made of any desired material, for example, woven plastic cloth, or metal screen of selected pore sizes.
- a retaining plug 20 is threaded into the well, where it retains screen 18 in position.
- This plug has longitudinally through it a passageway 22 terminating in outlet nozzle 24. Blood forced by pump 10 thus passes through passageway 14, through screen 18, through passageway 22 and out through nozzle 24. The pressure required to accom plish this flow varies with the filterability of the blood, and means are provided for measuring it.
- transverse channel 26 which communicates with longitudinal channel 14 upstream from filter 18.
- a suitable gauge 28 is inserted in the channel and measures the pressure required to establish uniform flow of blood through the screen.
- the plot for each storage period of FIG. 2 is a composite of three superimposed curves.
- the left hand curve of each group records a control run in which normal saline is passed through the apparatus before running the stored blood. In each case a pressure of about 10 mm. of Hg is required.
- the intermediate plot records the test run and clearly demonstrates that the difiiculty of filtering blood bank blood increases sharply with storage time.
- a pressure of less than 50 mm. of Hg is required to pass through a filter 18 citrated blood which has been stored but day
- a pressure of 350 mm. of Hg is required to pass through the screen blood which has been stored for 8 days.
- each group represents the pressures required to pass normal saline through the screen following each test run after Washing with saline, but without otherwise cleaning the screen. It thus gives an indication of the amount of accumulated residue.
- a sharply increased pressure is required to pass the saline through a filter which has been used to filter 8-dayold blood, as compared with one used to filter blood stored for shorter durations. This confirms that stored blood differs from fresh blood in the presence of a component which is filterable with difficulty and which clogs the screen.
- One method for accomplishing their removal is by passing the stored blood through or over a material which will remove selectively the altered leucocytes and platelets, using apparatus such as is illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the apparatus comprises a vertically arranged tube of glass or other easily sterilizable material of sufficient length to provide the desired dwell time and capacity.
- a vertically arranged tube of glass or other easily sterilizable material of sufficient length to provide the desired dwell time and capacity.
- an inlet port 32 through which the stored blood to be treated is introduced.
- an outlet port 34 through which passes the treated blood ready for use.
- One or more baffies 36 may be provided in the central portion of the tube. This directs the flow of blood toward the longitudinal center of the tube, preventing channeling along the side walls and insuring eifective treatment.
- the baffie may assume diverse shapes, it preferably comprises a truncated cone tapering inwardly in the downstream direction, having a central opening, and fused or glued to the inner side walls of the tube.
- the tube is filled with a treating material or packing 40 which for successful application must meet several important requirements.
- a treating material or packing 40 which for successful application must meet several important requirements.
- it must be a finely subdivided material having surface characteristics and a size such that it selectively will collect the storage-altered components of the blood. It acts as a base to which the adhesively altered platelets and leucocytes adhere. It also acts as a base which, being of relatively small diameter as compared to the diameter of the aggregates present in the altered blood, is enveloped by the aggregates as it interrupts their flow. The aggregates thereupon overlap the base on both sides and stick to it. Also, the sticky overlapping portions of each aggregate stick to each other. This anchors the aggregates to the base.
- the treating material must have characteristics such as to permit free passage of the other blood components, i.e., the plasma, red cells, unaltered leucocytes and platelets, etc. This must be accomplished even though some of these other components are much larger in size than are the altered platelets, and equal in size to the leucocytes which are removed by the treating material.
- the treating material in other words, does not act as an ordinary filter in which the filter material is so tightly packed that it does not permit solid particles to pass through the passageways between the filter components.
- the treating material must have a large area of absorbing surface such as is provided by a fibrous or filamentous material, to achieve high capacity with minimum apparatus size.
- the treating material must not react adversely with the beneficial blood components and it must not introduce sediment or foreign particles into the blood.
- the treating material should not pack during the treating procedure, nor should it demonstrate excessive buildup properties.
- the treating or packing material should be provided in the form of filaments or fibers which may be formed into a compressible, resilient mat which may be compressed as required to produce passageways or channels of optimum size between the material components.
- the diameter or cross sectional area of the individual particles of the material is of primary importance in determining its suitabilty.
- the material should comprise fibers or filaments having lengths of not less than microns and diameters of less than 60 microns, preferably less than 30 microns.
- Such fibers are of sufficient size so that they will not pass through the filter and into the blood stream of the patient. They are sufficiently small in diameter so that the storagealtered aggregates can completely surround them with overlapping portions which stick to each other, anchoring the aggregates to the fibers.
- FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 illustrates storage-altered blood including a multiplicity of red cells R and aggregates A of storage-altered platelets and leucocytes.
- FIG. 11 illustrates what occurs when such aggregates contact the individual fibers or filaments of the treating material 40.
- the aggregates have dimensions relative to the passageways between the filaments such that they could pass freely through the passageways. Nevertheless, upon impact with the filaments, the aggregates form overlapping portions which stick to each other and secure the aggregates to the filaments.
- Materials suitable for the present purpose thus are fibrous or filamentous polyester resins (Dacron and Kodel), filamentous polyamide resin (nylon), filamentous polyacrylic resin (Orlon), glass wool, steel wool, cotton, and cellulose (paper).
- filamentous polyamide resin nylon
- filamentous polyacrylic resin Orlon
- glass wool steel wool
- cotton cotton
- cellulose cellulose
- other fibrous or filarnentous materials meeting the above noted requirements may also be used.
- reaction conditions employed when passing the blood through reaction chamber 30 are such as to accomplish removal of the storage-altered components while at the same time preserving the inherent properties of the blood required for successful use in transfusions.
- the treating temperature should be maintained at a level at which the blood retains a flowing viscosity, but is not denatured or otherwise thermally degraded.
- the dwell time within the tube depends upon such factors as the identity and density of the packing material, the age of the stored blood, etc. In general, it is sufficient to remove the altered components without removing a substantial proportion of the remainder of the blood. Thus, in a typical instance, from 10-25% of the blood leucocytes and platelets may be removed, these representing the altered components, the remaining components of the blood passing unchanged through the tube and out port 34. w
- the efficiency of the apparatus in removing the storagealtered components from the blood may be tested using the apparatus of FIG. 1 in the manner previously described, introducing into pump blood previously treated in tube 30, and measuring on gauge 28 the pressure required to force the blood through screen 18. The results are shown in FIG. 4 (citrated blood) and in FIG. 5 ('Heparinized blood) using various types of filters.
- the group of curves at 52 is obtained when glass wool is used as the packing.
- the left hand curve represents the pressure required to pass normal saline through the apparatus before the test; the intermediate curve, the pressure required to force the treated blood sample through the screen; and the right hand curve, the pressure required to force normal saline through the screen after the test. It will be seen that this group of curves is substantially identical with that of the first group of FIG. 2, indicating that the treated blood has the filtration qualities of fresh blood.
- the group of curves illustrated at 54 is obtained when either filamentous polyamide resin (nylon), filamentous polyacrylic resin (Orlon) or filamentous polyester resin (Dacron) is employed as the treating material. These materials, like glass wool, are eminently suitable for the present purpose.
- the group of curves indicated at 56 represents those obtained using a different type of filamentous polyacrylic resin (modacrylic resin) and thoseillustrated in group 58 typify the results obtained when a different type of filamentous polyester resin (Kodel) is employed. Although the pressures required to pass the blood through the screen after exposure to these fibrous materials is somewhat greater than in the case of glass wool, they still are usable.
- FIG. 5 Similar results are obtained when heparinized blood first is treated in the apparatus of FIG. 3 and then passed through the filtering test apparatus of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 two groups of test results are illustrated for heparinized blood, one after a storage period of day; and the other after a storage period of 1 day.
- Control curves indicated at 62 are typical of untreated heparinized blood after a storage period of but day.
- the curves of group 64 are obtained. These indicate efiicient removal of the storage-altered components.
- FIGS. 6-9. An alternate form of the blood treating apparatus of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 6-9. Its purpose and function broadly are similar to the purpose and function of the apparatus of FIG. 3. However, it has several advantages.
- the third includes means for filtering out from the treated blood any small particles of packing material which inadvertently might become entrained in the treated blood stream and which if left would adversely affect the patient.
- the improved form of the apparatus accordingly comprises a vertically arranged tube 70 of glass, plastic or other easily sterilized material.
- the upper end of the tube is open, but mounts a removable cap 72. fitted with a sealing O-ring 74 and provided with a central infeed connection 76.
- the central portion of the bore of tube 70 is formed with an annular shoulder 78.
- the lower portion of the tube is formed with another annular shoulder and a tapered chamber 82 which delivers the treated blood to a centrally located outfeed connection 84.
- a baflle 86 having a central opening 88 seats and is supported on shoulder 78.
- the upper surface of the battle is conical and guides the raw blood through central opening 88 to locate it centrally of the tube for most efficient treatment.
- Bafile 86 in turn supports a filter screen 90 made of stainless steel or other relatively coarse mesh material sized to remove any blood clots which may be present, but without removing, at least to any substantial degree, the aggregates resulting from the consolidation of the storage-altered leucocytes and platelets.
- Screen 90 is folded reversely, as is evident particularly in FIG. 7, to provide a relatively large filter area. Its lower margin is formed with an outwardly directed flange which receives a seal ring 92 This seats in an annular, cooperating recess 94 in the inner side wall of tube 70. It secures the screen removably in place, held snugly against the upper margins of batfie 86.
- Screen 96 supports a filter element 98' which preferably comprises a disc of polyurethane, styrofoam, or other foamed plastic. It also insures that the packing material will not touch outlet 84.
- Disc 98 in turn supports a predetermined quantity of the fibrous blood treating agent 100.
- this agent comprises fibrous or filamentous polyester, polyamide or polyacrylic resins; glass wool; or like materials having the ability selectively to adhere the storagealtered components of the blood.
- a retainer 102 is fitted into the bore of tube 20. It is dimensioned for adjustment longitudinally of the tube as required to pack the filamentous treating material 100 to the density required for optimum operation of the unit.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 Two forms of retainer 102 are illustrated: the form of FIGS. 7 and 8, and the form of FIG. 9. Both may be made of plastic, stainless steel, glass, or other suitable structural material which is inert to blood and easily cleaned.
- the retainer of FIGS. 7 and 8, indicated at 102 comprises a ring dimensioned for a press-fit into the interior of the tube. It is desirable to fabricate the ring of a resilient material so that its inherent resiliency will help maintain it releasably in place.
- its periphery may be treated with chloroform, or an adhesive material which assists in holding it in place. It is further retained by the spring action of cross bars 104 arranged at right angles in cruciform relation.
- the retaining ring 106 of FIG. 9 is similar, with the exception that the ring is interrupted into four arcuate segments, each of which is fixed transversely to one of cross arms 108.
- the cross arms are fabricated of resilient material, the arrangement of the exterior ring affords free play to the resiliency of the arms so that a snug fit of the ring within the tube is obtained.
- the blood then is channeled by bafile 86 to the central portion of the filamentous or fibrous treating agent 1011 maintained in the desired degree of compression by retainer 102 or 106.
- the packing material removes the storage-altered blood components in the manner which has been described.
- the treated blood then passes through filter disc 98 which removes any small pieces of packing material which inadvertently may have been introduced into the blood flow.
- the fully treated blood then passes through support screen 80, through outlet connection 84 and thence to conduits which relay it to the patient.
- the treated blood then was tested for the presence of residual, storage-altered components, i.e. adhesive paltelets and leucocytes and aggregates of the same by passing it through the test apparatus of FIG. 1 and measuring the developed filtration pressure.
- residual, storage-altered components i.e. adhesive paltelets and leucocytes and aggregates of the same by passing it through the test apparatus of FIG. 1 and measuring the developed filtration pressure.
- the results follow in the table, and are graphed in FIG. 13.
- the fibers should have diameters of less than microns, preferably less than 30 microns. As the diameter decreases, 0
- the data further illustrate that the above noted eifect is common to fibrous materials of diverse classes, i.e., filamentous synthetic fibers, glass wool, cotton wool, steel Wool and even cellulose fibers.
- fibers are selected from the group consisting of fibrous polyester resin, polyamide resin, polyacrylic resin, glass, steel, cotton and cellulose.
- the method of claim 1 including the step of compressing the mat during the treatment sufiiciently to obtain optimum pore size for adherence of the aggregates to the fibrous elements of the packing.
- Apparatus for treating, preliminary to medical application, stored human blood containing storage-altered components comprising:
- the pores of the disc being of a size predetermined to pass the blood but to retain any particles of the packing material
- Siedentopf et a1. Science, Sept. 25, 1942, p. 303.
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Description
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US469033A US3448041A (en) | 1965-06-14 | 1965-06-14 | Method and apparatus for treating blood preliminary to its use in transfusions |
GB20262/66A GB1148744A (en) | 1965-06-14 | 1966-05-06 | Method and apparatus for treating blood preliminary to its use in transfusions |
DE1617790A DE1617790C3 (en) | 1965-06-14 | 1966-06-14 | Method for treating human blood containing components altered by storage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US469033A US3448041A (en) | 1965-06-14 | 1965-06-14 | Method and apparatus for treating blood preliminary to its use in transfusions |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3448041A true US3448041A (en) | 1969-06-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US469033A Expired - Lifetime US3448041A (en) | 1965-06-14 | 1965-06-14 | Method and apparatus for treating blood preliminary to its use in transfusions |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3448041A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1617790C3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1148744A (en) |
Cited By (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3539300A (en) * | 1967-10-23 | 1970-11-10 | Schering Corp | Body fluid collector and separator having improved flow rate |
US3593854A (en) * | 1969-12-05 | 1971-07-20 | Roy Laver Swank | Blood treating and filtering apparatus |
US3765537A (en) * | 1970-11-10 | 1973-10-16 | Pall Corp | Dual blood filter |
US3765536A (en) * | 1970-11-10 | 1973-10-16 | Pall Corp | Blood filter cascade |
DE2401782A1 (en) * | 1973-01-15 | 1974-07-18 | Sherwood Medical Ind Inc | FILTER DEVICE AND FILTER ELEMENT FOR MEDICAL INFUSION AND INJECTION DEVICES AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
US3859999A (en) * | 1972-06-06 | 1975-01-14 | Ishikawa Manufacturing Co | Filter and needle assembly incorporating the filter |
USB302271I5 (en) * | 1972-10-30 | 1975-01-28 | ||
US3892236A (en) * | 1973-04-02 | 1975-07-01 | Isaac Djerassi | Apparatus for filtration-leukopheresis for separation and concentration of human granulocytes |
US3929646A (en) * | 1974-07-22 | 1975-12-30 | Technicon Instr | Serum separator and fibrin filter |
US3935111A (en) * | 1973-04-06 | 1976-01-27 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Device for removing blood microemboli |
US4053420A (en) * | 1975-04-14 | 1977-10-11 | Dr. Eduard Fresenius Chemisch-Pharmazeutische Industrie Kg. | Blood filter |
US4103685A (en) * | 1976-01-05 | 1978-08-01 | Lupien Paul J | Method and apparatus for extravascular treatment of blood |
US4116845A (en) * | 1977-06-17 | 1978-09-26 | Pioneer Filters, Inc. | High capacity blood transfusion micro filter |
US4151832A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1979-05-01 | Geerd Hamer | Serum abstraction device |
US4157965A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1979-06-12 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood treating device |
US4246107A (en) * | 1978-03-06 | 1981-01-20 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Separation of lymphocytes from lymphocyte-containing suspension by filtration |
US4256588A (en) * | 1979-11-02 | 1981-03-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Separation and recovery of B and T lymphocytes |
US4283289A (en) * | 1979-08-22 | 1981-08-11 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Blood filter for leukocytes |
US4476023A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1984-10-09 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Granulocyte-separating material and granulocyte separator |
US4477575A (en) * | 1980-08-05 | 1984-10-16 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Process and composition for separating plasma or serum from whole blood |
USRE32089E (en) * | 1970-08-25 | 1986-03-04 | Amicon Corporation | Blood fractionating process and apparatus for carrying out same |
US4696742A (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1987-09-29 | Toho Beslon Co., Ltd. | Active carbon fibers and filter adsorption unit for water purification comprising said fibers |
US4810378A (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1989-03-07 | Miles Laboratories, Inc. | Red blood cell filtering system |
US4810394A (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1989-03-07 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Process and apparatus for removing solid material including blood cells from whole blood |
US4880548A (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-11-14 | Pall Corporation | Device and method for separating leucocytes from platelet concentrate |
US4915848A (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1990-04-10 | Miles Laboratories, Inc. | Red blood cell filtering system |
US4923620A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1990-05-08 | Pall Corporation | Device for depletion of the leukocyte content of blood and blood components |
US4925572A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1990-05-15 | Pall Corporation | Device and method for depletion of the leukocyte content of blood and blood components |
US4946603A (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-08-07 | Crystal Diagnostics, Inc. | Electronegatively charged blood filter and blood cell separation method |
US5139685A (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-08-18 | Gds Technology, Inc. | Blood separation filter assembly and method |
WO1993001880A1 (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-02-04 | Lydall, Inc. | Blood filter and method of filtration |
US5186843A (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-02-16 | Ahlstrom Filtration, Inc. | Blood separation media and method for separating plasma from whole blood |
US5229012A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1993-07-20 | Pall Corporation | Method for depletion of the leucocyte content of blood and blood components |
US5258127A (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1993-11-02 | Pall Corporation | Leucocyte depleting filter device and method of use |
US5258126A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1993-11-02 | Pall Corporation | Method for obtaining platelets |
US5302299A (en) * | 1990-05-24 | 1994-04-12 | Pall Corporation | Biological semi-fluid processing assembly |
US5344561A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1994-09-06 | Pall Corporation | Device for depletion of the leucocyte content of blood and blood components |
US5360545A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1994-11-01 | Pall Corporation | Filter for obtaining platelets |
US5362406A (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1994-11-08 | Pall Corporation | Leucocyte depleting filter device and method of use |
US5575914A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1996-11-19 | Vance Products Incorporated | Sperm filter trap having compressed glass wool filter material |
US5630946A (en) * | 1995-02-15 | 1997-05-20 | Pall Corporation | Method for processing a biological fluid including leukocyte removal in an extracorporeal circuit |
US20020057996A1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2002-05-16 | Bass Leland L. | Centrifuge tube assembly |
US20030146170A1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-07 | Frank Corbin | Whole blood collection and processing method |
US20150283324A1 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2015-10-08 | Ams Research Corporation | Cell delivery device and system with anti-clumping feature and methods for pelvic tissue treatment |
US10927347B2 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2021-02-23 | Black Tie Medical Inc. | Device and method for breaking down and sizing harvested fat |
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- 1966-06-14 DE DE1617790A patent/DE1617790C3/en not_active Expired
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GB588224A (en) * | 1945-02-07 | 1947-05-16 | Ac Sphinx Sparking Plug Compan | Improved oil filter |
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US3859999A (en) * | 1972-06-06 | 1975-01-14 | Ishikawa Manufacturing Co | Filter and needle assembly incorporating the filter |
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US3892236A (en) * | 1973-04-02 | 1975-07-01 | Isaac Djerassi | Apparatus for filtration-leukopheresis for separation and concentration of human granulocytes |
US3935111A (en) * | 1973-04-06 | 1976-01-27 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Device for removing blood microemboli |
US3929646A (en) * | 1974-07-22 | 1975-12-30 | Technicon Instr | Serum separator and fibrin filter |
US4157965A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1979-06-12 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood treating device |
US4053420A (en) * | 1975-04-14 | 1977-10-11 | Dr. Eduard Fresenius Chemisch-Pharmazeutische Industrie Kg. | Blood filter |
US4103685A (en) * | 1976-01-05 | 1978-08-01 | Lupien Paul J | Method and apparatus for extravascular treatment of blood |
US4151832A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1979-05-01 | Geerd Hamer | Serum abstraction device |
US4116845A (en) * | 1977-06-17 | 1978-09-26 | Pioneer Filters, Inc. | High capacity blood transfusion micro filter |
US4246107A (en) * | 1978-03-06 | 1981-01-20 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Separation of lymphocytes from lymphocyte-containing suspension by filtration |
US4283289A (en) * | 1979-08-22 | 1981-08-11 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Blood filter for leukocytes |
US4256588A (en) * | 1979-11-02 | 1981-03-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Separation and recovery of B and T lymphocytes |
US4476023A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1984-10-09 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Granulocyte-separating material and granulocyte separator |
US4477575A (en) * | 1980-08-05 | 1984-10-16 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Process and composition for separating plasma or serum from whole blood |
US4696742A (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1987-09-29 | Toho Beslon Co., Ltd. | Active carbon fibers and filter adsorption unit for water purification comprising said fibers |
US4810394A (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1989-03-07 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Process and apparatus for removing solid material including blood cells from whole blood |
US4810378A (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1989-03-07 | Miles Laboratories, Inc. | Red blood cell filtering system |
US4915848A (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1990-04-10 | Miles Laboratories, Inc. | Red blood cell filtering system |
US4923620A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1990-05-08 | Pall Corporation | Device for depletion of the leukocyte content of blood and blood components |
US4925572A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1990-05-15 | Pall Corporation | Device and method for depletion of the leukocyte content of blood and blood components |
US4880548A (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-11-14 | Pall Corporation | Device and method for separating leucocytes from platelet concentrate |
US4946603A (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-08-07 | Crystal Diagnostics, Inc. | Electronegatively charged blood filter and blood cell separation method |
US5501795A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1996-03-26 | Pall Corporation | Device for depletion of the leucocyte content of blood and blood components |
US5344561A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1994-09-06 | Pall Corporation | Device for depletion of the leucocyte content of blood and blood components |
US5229012A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1993-07-20 | Pall Corporation | Method for depletion of the leucocyte content of blood and blood components |
US5258126A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1993-11-02 | Pall Corporation | Method for obtaining platelets |
US5360545A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1994-11-01 | Pall Corporation | Filter for obtaining platelets |
US5302299A (en) * | 1990-05-24 | 1994-04-12 | Pall Corporation | Biological semi-fluid processing assembly |
US5744047A (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1998-04-28 | Pall Corporation | Leucocyte depleting filter device and method of use |
US5362406A (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1994-11-08 | Pall Corporation | Leucocyte depleting filter device and method of use |
US5258127A (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1993-11-02 | Pall Corporation | Leucocyte depleting filter device and method of use |
US5139685A (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-08-18 | Gds Technology, Inc. | Blood separation filter assembly and method |
WO1993019831A1 (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1993-10-14 | Gds Technology, Inc. | Blood separation filter assembly and method |
US5190657A (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-03-02 | Lydall, Inc. | Blood filter and method of filtration |
US5186843A (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-02-16 | Ahlstrom Filtration, Inc. | Blood separation media and method for separating plasma from whole blood |
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US5575914A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1996-11-19 | Vance Products Incorporated | Sperm filter trap having compressed glass wool filter material |
US5630946A (en) * | 1995-02-15 | 1997-05-20 | Pall Corporation | Method for processing a biological fluid including leukocyte removal in an extracorporeal circuit |
US20020057996A1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2002-05-16 | Bass Leland L. | Centrifuge tube assembly |
US20030146170A1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-07 | Frank Corbin | Whole blood collection and processing method |
US20050274673A1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2005-12-15 | Gambro, Inc | Whole blood collection and processing method |
US6994790B2 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2006-02-07 | Gambro, Inc. | Whole blood collection and processing method |
US20150283324A1 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2015-10-08 | Ams Research Corporation | Cell delivery device and system with anti-clumping feature and methods for pelvic tissue treatment |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1148744A (en) | 1969-04-16 |
DE1617790B2 (en) | 1975-01-02 |
DE1617790A1 (en) | 1971-04-08 |
DE1617790C3 (en) | 1975-08-14 |
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Owner name: COBE LABORATORIES, INC., 1201 OAK STREET, LAKEWOOD Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BOC GROUP, INC. THE A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004547/0546 Effective date: 19860430 Owner name: COBE LABORATORIES, INC., COLORADO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BOC GROUP, INC. THE A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004547/0546 Effective date: 19860430 |
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