US3445226A - Frost gravure print master - Google Patents

Frost gravure print master Download PDF

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Publication number
US3445226A
US3445226A US458282A US3445226DA US3445226A US 3445226 A US3445226 A US 3445226A US 458282 A US458282 A US 458282A US 3445226D A US3445226D A US 3445226DA US 3445226 A US3445226 A US 3445226A
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United States
Prior art keywords
substrate
image
composition
toner
frostable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US458282A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert W Gundlach
Lloyd F Bean
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of US3445226A publication Critical patent/US3445226A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/26—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern for the production of printing plates for non-xerographic printing processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/26—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern for the production of printing plates for non-xerographic printing processes
    • G03G13/28—Planographic printing plates
    • G03G13/286—Planographic printing plates for dry lithography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/022—Layers for surface-deformation imaging, e.g. frost imaging

Definitions

  • one object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing a printing master having frosted printing portions thereon, wherein optimization of the conditions for creating maximum frost density at information-bearing portions of the master can be achieved without detrirnentally affecting the non-information bearing portions of the master.
  • a frostable material as for example, a xerographic toner comprised of frostable resin
  • the frostable material is normally deposited upon the chosen substrate in a particulate form.
  • a combination of electrical charging and heating to Whatever degree may be necessary to .achieve the desired frosting of the previously ⁇ deposited material.
  • the underlying substrate will have a softening and melting point much higher than the configurated frostable material, it follows that the high degrees of heating and/or charging that may be necessary to assure optimum frosting in the configurated image will not in any way adversely affect the underlying substrate.
  • the heating ⁇ of the deposited material acts not only in conjunction with charging to cause frosting, but acts of itself to cause as well, fusing of the deposited material to the substrate.
  • FIGURE 1 diagrammatically illustrates the manner in which a printing master may be prepared in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE 2 diagrammatically illustrates the manner in which a master prepared pursuant to the present invention may ⁇ be used for printing upon an ink receptive surface.
  • a conventional xerographic plate 1 which may, by way of example, comprise a layer of vitreous selenium 3 upon a conductive ⁇ substrate 4, is shown bearing a latent electrostatic image 5 upon the photoconductive surface.
  • a latent image is formed by the usual methods of xerography; that is, by charging the plate in darkness, and thereafter exposing to a pattern of light in the form ofthe image one desired to reproduce.
  • the latent image is shown developed by the particulate composition 7.
  • composition 7 is chosen to have among other characteristics high visibility upon subsequent transfer of the image to the copy sheet.
  • the choice of composition 7 is dictated principally by the frosting characteristics of the material chosen.
  • thermoplastic materials are known which, when subjected to appropriate combinations of electric charge and softening will develop surface deformations comprising generally a finely dispersed pattern of minute alternating depressions and elevations throughout all areas of the thermoplastic surface at which a sufficient electric field is present.
  • frostable materials in consequence of the common terminology used in the practice of xerography, composition 7 may hereinafter be referred to as a frostable toner.
  • composition 7 may comprise a particulate composition of Staybelite 5 or Staybelite 10, both of which materials are rosin esters available under the trade names indicated from the Hercules Powder Company.
  • Composition 7 may also suitably comprise finely ground Piccotex, a copolymer made from alpha-methyl styrene and vinyl toluene and available from the Pennsylvania Industrial Chemicals Company.
  • Finely ground Piccolastic A-75 which is essentially a polystyrene composition available from the Pennsylvania Industrial Chemicals Company, is yet a further example of a material well suited for composition 7.
  • a more extensive listing of other materials suitable for the present purpose may be found at page 31 of the referenced Gunther and Gundlach specitication. However, the list there enumerated is intended by no means to be limiting here, since as will be subsequently pointed out, the present invention by its nature will lend itself to a vast number of materials.
  • substrate 9 comprises a dielectric material
  • this may be readily brought about by positioning the sheet of dielectric against the developed image and covering the rear side of the sheet with a charge distribution supplied from corotron generators 8.
  • substrate 9 may be considered to be a sheet of a relatively high melting point inert plastic such as, for example, the sheet polyethylene terephthalate commonly available under the trade name Mylar.
  • substr-ate 9 may equally well be chosen from any of a limitless number of materials.
  • substrate 9 merely forms the support vehicle for the image that is subsequently used for printing purposes, the -only limitation placed upon it is that it have a melting point higher than the frostable toner it bears, that it be relatively dimensionally stable, and that it be relatively smooth and impervious to the ink that will subsequently be coated upon it in its use as a master.
  • substrate 9 need not be chosen as a plastic-like material at all, but may be a dense, refractory material such as glass, or even metal. In the latter case, the conductive nature of the substrate introduces some special peculiarities into the present process.
  • the steps shown in FIGURES 1A, B, and C can be dispensed with as the coniigurated toner image could then be formed directly upon the substrate.
  • An example of a substrate satisfying these requirements is zinc oxide paper.
  • the combination of zinc oxide coated upon a metallic plate is a further example. Numerous examples could also ⁇ be cited using higher melting point organic photoconductors overcoated on metal plates or paper or the like.
  • substrate 9 comprises a dielectric material
  • a conductive supporting plate 15 is positioned beneath the substrate 9 so that the high voltage source 13 may conveniently be connected to plate 15 and to the corotron generator 19, and a field established between the two, thereby facilitating the flow 0f charge to the image-bearing surface of the dielectric.
  • the heating and charging of the substrate 9 bearing the configurated frostable toner is, in the embodiment illustrated, carried out simultaneously.
  • the degree and intensity of heating and of charging is not governed by any rigid parameters, but may for all practical purposes, be increased until a point is reached at which the desired frosting of the conligurated toner occurs. Perhaps the limits of heating and charging will only be ⁇ reached when dielectric breakdown and/or melting of the substrate 9 begins to occur. In practice, however, as the principal object of the heating is to soften the conligurated toner and simultaneously fuse it to the substrate, it is obvious that the upper limit of heating will not normally be approached.
  • FIGURE 2 diagrammatically illustrates the manner in which a typical printing master prepared pursuant to the processes elucidated in the foregoing paragraphs, may be used for printing upon an ink receptive surface.
  • the master comprises the substrate 20 which now bears fused to its surface the image configurated frosted toner 22.
  • the substrate may again be considered to be a relatively thin sheet of Mylar. Since in such a case the master will be highly flexible, it will be necessary for the present purposes to provide a support means such as base 21.
  • the master is shown being inked from an ink source 23, which exudes quantities of liquid ink as it traverses the master surface from right to left in the sense of the diagram.
  • a rubber bladed squeegee 27 or the like is then passed across the surface of the master.
  • the intimate contact established between blade and master surface effectively removes ink from all of the smooth background areas of the subbstrate; but within the vast multiude of minute surface interstices which now comprise the frosted surface of the configurated tone image, ink remains.
  • an ink receptive surface 31 is brought into contact with the inked printing master. Ink now readily ows from the multifarious convolutions of the frosted surface to the ink-receptive surface to be printed. As shown in the diagram a roller 29 may be used to assist in maintaining good contact between'the surface to be printed and the master. While for purposes of the present illustration 31 may be considered to be a sheet of paper, it will be clear that any ink receptive surface may be printed in essentially the same manner.
  • FIGURE 2D the printed surface is shown being removed from contact with the printing master. The same process may now be repeated over an indefinite number of cycles.
  • FIGURE 2 has illustrated one specific embodiment in which printing masters prepared pursuant to the present invention may be employed, it will be obvious that myriad configurations are possible utilizing similarly prepared masters. So, for example, the same master shown in FIGURE 2 as comprising the flexible substrate Mylar and bearing the frosted toner configuration, can be mounted upon the surface of a rotating cylinder, whereby multiple copies may be readily produced by the identical scheme shown in FIGURE 2. Moreover, since as previously indicated, the frosted toner may by the present invention be deposited directly upon a metallic or other rigid support surface, it follows that the frosted toner configuration might as well be deposited directly upon the face of the rotating cylinder just alluded to. Thereafter, the inking, squeegeeing, and printing steps would essentially conform to the scheme shown in FIG- URE 2.
  • a method for preparing a printing master comprismg:
  • a method for preparing a printing master from a graphic representation comprising in sequence the steps of:
  • a method for reproducing a graphic representation comprising in sequence the steps of (a) exposing a charged Xerographic plate to the light pattern corresponding to said graphic representation thereby forming a latent electrostatic image of said representation;
  • a method for preparing a printing master comprisz(la) depositing a frostable particulate composition in image configuration upon a supporting substrate, said substrate having a higher softening point than said frostable composition;
  • a method for preparing a printing master compris- (a) depositing a frostable toner in image configuration upon a supporting substrate;
  • a method for preparing a printing master for a graphic representation comprising in sequence the steps of (a) depositing a frostable particulate composition in image configuration upon a smooth, ink-impervious substrate, said substrate having a softening point higher than the softening point of said frostable composition;
  • a method for preparing a printing master comprising:
  • said frosting includes the steps of softening said composition and supplying electric charge to the surface of said composition.
  • a method for preparing a printing master comprising:
  • thermoplastically deformable com- 8 position in image configuration upon a supporting substrate, said substrate having a higher softening point than said thermoplastically deformable composition
  • a printing master comprising a smooth surfaced supporting substrate, a surface of said substrate being non-deformed and bearing in image configuration a thermoplastically deformed composition raised from and supported by said surface, said composition being fused to said surface at points of mutual contact.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
US458282A 1965-05-24 1965-05-24 Frost gravure print master Expired - Lifetime US3445226A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US45828265A 1965-05-24 1965-05-24

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US3445226A true US3445226A (en) 1969-05-20

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US458282A Expired - Lifetime US3445226A (en) 1965-05-24 1965-05-24 Frost gravure print master

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US (1) US3445226A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1522518A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1136029A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6607089A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3638567A (en) * 1969-05-13 1972-02-01 Xerox Corp Method of preparing and utilizing a gravure printing master
US3909256A (en) * 1973-12-26 1975-09-30 Xerox Corp Electrostatographic process for preparing screen printing member
US3948655A (en) * 1973-12-26 1976-04-06 Xerox Corporation Electrostatographic process for preparing gravure printing member
US4077803A (en) * 1975-12-01 1978-03-07 Sperry Rand Corporation Low charge-voltage frost recording on a photosensitive thermoplastic medium
WO1996022883A1 (en) * 1995-01-24 1996-08-01 Corning Incorporated Precision imaging components and methods for their formation
US20120137907A1 (en) * 2010-12-03 2012-06-07 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Intaglio printing plate including supplementary pattern and method for fabricating the same

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2637651A (en) * 1948-10-02 1953-05-05 Battelle Development Corp Method of producing images on rigid surfaces
US2917460A (en) * 1955-06-17 1959-12-15 Ibm Powder compositions useful as electroscopic toners
US3093039A (en) * 1958-05-12 1963-06-11 Xerox Corp Apparatus for transferring powder images and method therefor
US3196011A (en) * 1962-05-08 1965-07-20 Xerox Corp Electrostatic frosting
US3271146A (en) * 1963-03-19 1966-09-06 Eastman Kodak Co Xeroprinting with photoconductors exhibiting charge-storage asymmetry
US3307941A (en) * 1963-06-03 1967-03-07 Xerox Corp Plastic deformation imaging film and process

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2637651A (en) * 1948-10-02 1953-05-05 Battelle Development Corp Method of producing images on rigid surfaces
US2917460A (en) * 1955-06-17 1959-12-15 Ibm Powder compositions useful as electroscopic toners
US3093039A (en) * 1958-05-12 1963-06-11 Xerox Corp Apparatus for transferring powder images and method therefor
US3196011A (en) * 1962-05-08 1965-07-20 Xerox Corp Electrostatic frosting
US3271146A (en) * 1963-03-19 1966-09-06 Eastman Kodak Co Xeroprinting with photoconductors exhibiting charge-storage asymmetry
US3307941A (en) * 1963-06-03 1967-03-07 Xerox Corp Plastic deformation imaging film and process

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3638567A (en) * 1969-05-13 1972-02-01 Xerox Corp Method of preparing and utilizing a gravure printing master
US3909256A (en) * 1973-12-26 1975-09-30 Xerox Corp Electrostatographic process for preparing screen printing member
US3948655A (en) * 1973-12-26 1976-04-06 Xerox Corporation Electrostatographic process for preparing gravure printing member
US4077803A (en) * 1975-12-01 1978-03-07 Sperry Rand Corporation Low charge-voltage frost recording on a photosensitive thermoplastic medium
WO1996022883A1 (en) * 1995-01-24 1996-08-01 Corning Incorporated Precision imaging components and methods for their formation
US20120137907A1 (en) * 2010-12-03 2012-06-07 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Intaglio printing plate including supplementary pattern and method for fabricating the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1522518A1 (de) 1969-09-11
GB1136029A (en) 1968-12-11
NL6607089A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-11-25

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