US3437095A - System for heat accelerated coloring or permanent waving of hair on the human scalp - Google Patents

Description

MTR24 3,437,095 R RMANENT WAVING A Aprll 8, 1969 w 01"r ET AL SYSTEM ma HEAT ACCELERATED comma OF HAIR ON THE HUMAN Filed Sept. 9. 1966 Sheet INVENTORS. MORTON W. SCOTT RAYMOND K. HAYES SOL LEVINE L lnz gzg ATTORNEYS A5? 8 ..1969 l w M, scoT-r ETAL 3,437,095 SYSTEM FOR HEAT ACCELERAQTED COLORING OR PERMANENT WAVING or mm on THE nun/m SOALP Filed Sept. 9. 1966 I Sheet 013 INVENTORS MORTON W. SCOTT RAYMOND K. HAYES SOL LEVINE ATTORNEYS April 8, 1969 W. SCOTT ETAL M. SYSTEM FOR HEAT ACCELERATED CO Filed Sept. 9. 1966 OF HAIR ON THE 3,43 7,095 LORING on PERMANENT WAVING HUMAN SCALP Sheet 3 of3 INVENTORS MORTON W. SCOTT RAYMOND K. HAYES SOL LEVINE 1441, AZL QL KTTORNQXS United States Patent ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A treatment method comprising applying to hair a chemical coloring or permanent waving agent and then placing on such hair an imperforate hood which has been previously treated by electrically energizing a resistance heating element in the hood. The hood is disconnected from electricity before placement on the head. The hood includes a thick flexible mass of heat insulation predominantly located between the resistance heating element and the exterior surface of the hood and which serves as a source of stored heat that is discharged toward the hair for accelerating the treatment thereof.

This invention relates to a system for heat accelerated coloring or permanent waving of hair on the human scalp. Although not so specifically limited, the present invention is principally used commercially as an electricallygenerated stored-heat type of apparatus and method for accelerating a change in the color of hair on the human scalp.

Changing the color of hair on the human scalp, hereinafter simply referred to as coloring, may proceed in either of two directions, i.e., lightening ol' darkening. To lighten the hair the same conventionally is treated with an oxidizing composition such, for example, as one containing hydrogen peroxide, which will bleach the same. The bleaching can be carried out to various degrees, depending upon the patron's desire. For instance, it can be effective to only a minor extent so as to slightly lighten the shade, but not change the color of the hair, or it can be performed to the point that the hair changes its color, for instance, from black to brown to red to gold to yellow to platinum, stopping at anypreselected point. In darkening the hair the change may be simply a darkening in shade with no change in color, or it may be a change from one color to another. Darkening is effected by applying a hair dyeing composition which may be of a permanent type or a semipermanent type, or a temporary, i.e., superficial, type. Usually, the dye is an oxidation dye, that is to say, a dye that is applied to the hair in the presence of an oxidizing agent, which causes the dye to become effective to color the hair. Inasmuch as the present invention uses conventional bleaching compositions and conventional dyeing compositions, no detailed description thereof will be given.

For many years it has been the custom to color a patron's hair, i.e., lighten or darken the color of a patrons hair, by applying the coloring composition (bleaching composition or dyeing composition) in the cold and allowing the coloring to take place in the absence of externally Patented Apr. 8, 1969 applied heat until such time as the desired change in color was reached. The time necessary to effect the change in color often was very lengthy. It might vary from as little as fifteen minutes to up to as much as two and one-half hours, and sometimes more. Women became resigned to this protracted treatment. Proposals had been made to shorten such treatment by the application of heat in various manners. Thus, it has been suggested that heat be applied in the form of steam with or without ozone, or that heat be applied in the form of radio frequency energy. But, such methods and equipment did not secure appreciable public acceptance for various reasons, such as an insuilicient shortening in time, expensive and/or complex and delicate equipment, and degradation of desirable characteristics of the hair.

It is an object of our present invention to provide a new and improved system for treatment of hair on the human scalp which is not subject to any of the foregoing drawbacks and leaves the hair in excellent condition, almost as good as virgin hair.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of the character described which employs heat-generating coloring equipment in the form of a light, small, inexpensive machine, machine being used herein in its broadest sense to denote an assemblage of cooperating mechanical elements. However, the word machine" is almost too formidable for application to the equipment of our present invention, inasmuch as said equipment constitutes a lightweight, semirigid, flexible hood with a lightweight flexible heating element therein, all of suprisingly simple design.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of the character described in which the equipment that is applied to the head, although electrically energized for charging with heat, is designed to be electrically, and, optionally, also physically, disconnected from a source of electric power when it is applied to the head.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of the character described in which the equipment employed is designed to be beat charged electrically when oil the head, which further is designed so that it will store up heat when so charged off the head, and which, when electrically disconnected from a source of electric power and applied to the head, will deliver its stored heat safely, over an extended period, and in an efiicient manner to hair with a chemical coloring or permanent waving agent thereon so as to accelerate the action of such agent upon the hair.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of the character described including both a method and an apparatus which will apply heat in a substantially uniform manner to the hair for coloring or permanent waving thereof and which thereby will attain a high degree of uniformity of such coloring or waving.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of the character described in which irritation of the scalp is avoided, not only because of the shortened time of processing, but further because of the comparative mildness of the heat, the temperature being closely controlled, so that under no circumstances can it cause discomfort to a patron's scalp. e

It is another object of our invention provide a system of the character described which opefates in a manner that is economically advantageous to both the operator and the patron, this being brought about by shortening of so designed. that tliecoloring or waving time and the reduction in the cost of the equipment which is employed.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of the character described in which the equipment is so designed that there is practically a complete absence of air flow around and through the hair during its coloring or waving, that is to say, in which the equipment confines the hair very closely, so that there is a minimum transfer of heat by convection and almost total reliance is placed upon transfer of heat from the equipment to the hair and to the chemical coloring. or waving agent by radiation.

It is another object of our invention to provide a systemof the character described in which the equipment,- viz, the. hood, is characterized by its semirigidity and flexibility, in order to obtain the close confinement 1115i referred to, andalso to enable the equipment to accommodate various amounts of hair, the hair being sparse and short on some patrons and. long and abundant on others, so that-all of these can be treated with the same or a very few different pieces of equipment.

It is another object of our inventionto provide a systern of the character described in which theequiprrwnt is it will totally cover and uniformly proc cs8 all the'hair on a human scalp, including low frontal hair, if such should be the case, hair growing over the ear lobes, and hair growinglow onthe nape ofthe neck.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system ofthe character described in which the equipment is designed to obtain particularly good eiiiciency of transmission of heat from the equipment to the hair by radiation.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system. of the character described in. which the equipment is designed to maintain stored up heat for a period of time suficiently extended to carry out the coloring or waving. either completely or to a substantial extent, and furthermore will by cooling off automatically terminate the coloring or waving treatment so that the hair will not be overt reated' and the system, in elfect, automatically shuts. itself Qfi.

It is. another object. of our invention to provide asystemof the character described in. which the equipment is so constructed and arranged that it can be easily coupled to and left hanging from a conventional electric wall outlot. while heat-charging, employing apparatus h cha t ng If. is another object of our invention to provide a. system of thecharacter described in whichthe equipment s so d ig ed that lu g heatrc a g e it. accumulates andstores but wi h m imum emcie w, thus av g tim and e pense.

Other Objects of our invention in part will be obvious and in part will be pointed. out hereinafter.

In the accompanying. drawings in which isshown one of the various possible. embodiments of our invention:

FIG. I is a perspective view of the hood of our invention plugged into a duplex wall outlet during a heatcltatging operation;

FIG. '2; is a perspective view of the hood as it appears when placed on the head during a, hair dyeing'opera'tion;

FIG. 3 is a vertical central sectional view through the hood showing the same on a woman's head;

FIG. 4. is an enlarged fragmentary. perspective view taken substantially along the line 4-4 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a perspective schematic view of the heating element of another hood embodying our invention and showing a preferred pattern for arrangement of the resistance wire. therein;

FIG. 6 is a developed view of the heating element shown in FIG. 5.

E$SHil8 llyi out our invention by providing a hood which is semirigid and flexible. The hood incorporates an internal thermostatically controlled flexible areal heating element which is located adjace t th i ll thereby avoiding the necessity: of o mounti g the: quip ent u of the hood. The heating element extends over substantially the entire inner surface ofthe hood. It is backed up by flexible heat insulation which is disposed between the heating element and the outer surface of the hood. Various types of heat insulation may be employed singly or in combination. The heat insulation serves two purposes. One is to maintain a steep heat gradient from the heating element to the external surface of the hood, so that an operator can handle the hood comfortably and without burning herself. Just as important, however, is the second function of the heat insulation, which is to act as a heat accumulatonoriheat. storage mass, to wit, a heat bank or heat sink from which heat is dispensed slowly from the internal surface of the hood during hair coloring or permanent waving. The heat insulation may be of a natural or synthetic material, for example, jute, sisal, asbestos or fiberglass, the. same essentially being fibrous, with the fibers interlocked and providing semiconfined air spaces therebetween. Another excellent heat insulation material is an expanded or cellular plastic foam such for example as foamed rubber, foamed polystyrene and foamed polyurethane; the cells of the foam may be interconnected or discrete; The hood is formed so that it is deeper at the back than at the front and has a sloping mouth which. is inclined upwardly from the rear when placed on. awoman: head. Preferably, the. mouth is substantially. plane, that is to say, it does not have cut-outs, or protuberances, or a curvature when viewed from the side. The purpose of this plane configuration will be pointed. out hereinafter.

To heat-charge the hood, the heating; element is electrically connected to a. source of electric powerand left connected for a period of time long enough to heat the hood to the desired temperature.

In the preferred form of our invention the heating ele-. ment is arranged to be connected to a wall outletby means of a conventional twin-bladed lug. However, the flexible lead from the power plug, to e heating element protrudes from the hood for a very short distance, for example, from. about zero inches tothree inches and the power plug is. located. at the center of the back of the hood. Thereby, when the plug is otmpled to the mail outlet during the heat-charging periodfor the hood, the plug functions not only to electrically connect the hood to a source of electric power, but as a physical support for the hood. During this period the hood dangles from the power plug, but because of the'overbalancing efl'egt of having the center of gravity of the hood away from the wall, the hood tends in win on th lead about the plug so its to abut against the w l, and since, as no ed previously, the mouth of the hood is lane, the entire month abuts the wall, thereby tending to substantially seal; 6E

said mouth and thus the interior of the hoo Such action substantially prevents leakage of heat from the hood during the heat storage period and thus shortens saidperiod.

After the hood has been charged up, to a sufiiciently high temperature, to wit, an internal temperature of abou F. to F., it is uncoupled from the wall outlet and is placed on a patron's head, the patron pre ou ly having had applied to her hair the chemical composition for coloring or permanently waving her hair, for example, hydrogen peroxidev in a carrier and with an activator, or an oxidation type dyeing composition. together with hydrogen peroxide, these being compositions in everyday commercial use for bleaching or dyeing. without heat acceleration. The composition may be a hair softening agent, e.g., ammonium thioglycolate adjusted to a pH of about 9.3. At this time the patron's hair tted with the chemical composition and is in the form of khapeless mass of I hair which lies closely against her scalp and Eence can conveniently be confined closely within the hood. The hoo is left on the head for a period of time suflicient to effect the treatment and is then removed. It will be appreciated, of course, that the hood is electrically and physically disconnected from the wall outlet during the time that it is upon the patrons head and hence the patron is free to move about within the beauty parlor, not being confined to the site of a large heating machine. Instead of physically uncoupling the plug, a long power lead may be employed including an off-on switch to electrically disconnect the heating element from the source of electric power.

Referring now in detail to the drawings, the reference numeral denotes a hood having a special construction pursuant to our invention. Said hood constitutes an inner layer 12 and an outer layer 14 cut and stitched into the shapes of helmets with the inner helmet smaller than the outer to provide a space therebetween that is filled in a manner which soon will be described. The two helmets are joined to one another at their perimeters, as by stitching 16, to form the open mouth of the hood.

The particular configuration of the hood and its ornamentation can vary as desired. As illustrated here, the hood is shown in the shape of a turban. Exemplificative of other configurations are: an inverted truncate cone resembling an Egyptian bat, an ovid resembling a cloche, a wig-type style, and a Dutch bonnet. Regardlessof the style or ornamentation, the inner layer 12 is of helmet configuration designed to closely fit about an average woman's head with a mass of wetted hair arranged thereon in random fashion close to the scalp; The outer layer 14 is configured to be spaced from the inner layer by at least a suflicient distance to accommodate the heat insulation which soon will be described and may be spaced further therefrom if some particular ornamental eonfiguration is desired for the outer helmet. The insulation may fill up the entire space between the two layers or if the outer layer is so configured as to provide space for more insulation than is desired, a polling material may be employed having no high insulating value, or the outer layer may be stiffened or reinforced to maintain a shape spaced from the insulation.

The inner and outer layers may be manufactured from any suitable type of flexible sheet material. By way of example, in a helmet embodying our invention, which will give satisfactory results, the inner'layer may constitute a plain imperforate sheet ofnatural or synthetic rubber, e.g., natural rubber, neoprene or butyl rubber. This layer can be quite thin, 15 thousandths of an inch having been found acceptable. Good results also are obtained with layers as thin as 5 thousandths of an inch or as thick as A of an inch. The outer layer may be an ornamented polyvinyl sheet, preferably imperforate, having a thickness of 25 thousandths of an inch. This too, of

course, can be varied widely and, by way of example,

can range from yi of an'inch to A of an inch. We

may also employ fabrics, such for instance, as a sheet of knitted, felted or woven cotton, synthetic or animal One feature of the inner layer to which particular 'at tention is directed is that it desirably is dark in color, e.g., black or brown or blue, the purpose thereof being to obtain good radiation emission.

The reference numeral 18 denotes a flexible areal heating element which forms a part of our hood. Said heating element can be mounted on a separate sheet which is subsequently attached, as by adhesives or stitching, to the inner face of the inner layer 12, or, for economy of manufacture and better efliciency of operation, the heating element can be applied directly without interposition of a carrier layer to the inner surface of the inner layer. The heating element is characterized by the fact that it is of a generally over-all wide-area configuration, herein referred to as areal," that is to say, it is constructed and designed to extend over a large area, in this case over substantially the entire area of the inner layer.

Any known type of flexible areal heating element can be employed for this purpose, such, for instance, as a resistance heating element which is woven or knitted into a layer of fabric. For purposes of economy, we prefer to employ a simpler, less expensive type of flexible area] heating element, to wit, a heating element which constitutes plural loops of resistance wire. Specifically, the heating element shown comprises a length of resistance wire 20, e.g., Nichrome wire, spiraled about an asbestos core and encased within an electrically nonconductive sheath 22. The sheath desirably is also of a heat insulating nature, a suitable sheath being a loosely felted tube of asbestos fibers. As is conventional, one or a few strands of thread, e.g., cotton thread, are wound about the exterior of the asbestos sheath to assist in maintaining the same in place around the resistance wire. The wire with its heat insulating sheath is arranged in loops in such fashion as to form a flexible areal heating element that will substantially extend over the entire inside surface of the inner layer 12. The loops consist of reaches joined by bights and may be laid out in the fashion indicated in FIG. 3, to wit, with one set of bights near the crown of the hood, and the other set of bights near the perimeter forming the mouth of the hood, so that the reaches extend radially from the mouth to the crown of the hood. It obviously is impractical to solidly cover the interior of the hood with the resistance wire, but rather, in the fashion of heating blankets and heating pads, the reaches are spaced apart from one another, for instance, in the order from one-half of an inch to three-quarters of an inch.

Any suitable means is employed to attach the flexible areal heating element to the interior surface of the inner layer 12, typically stitching or an adhesive being utilized. In the particular form of our inventionshown, we attach the heating element to the interior surface of the inner layer with a rubber adhesive.

It will be observed from the foregoing, and it is a feature of our invention, that there is a minimum of heat insulation between the flexible areal heating element and the interior of the hood. The insulating and heat storage capacity of the inner layer 12 is small. The heat insulation factor is imparted by the sheath 22 is unavoidable inasmuch as it is necessary to provide electrical insulation to avoid accidental shorting between different portions of the resistance wire and since the electrical insulation must be of a type which will not deteriorate, burn or char under the operating temperature of the wire which is quite high. Moreover, the asbestos sheath is part of the flexible heating element itself so that there is essentially no heat insulation between the heating element and the interior of the hood. The inner layer likewise is composed of material that is not adversely affected by the heat emitted by the heating element.

Heat insulation is provided between the areal heating element 18 and the outer layer 14 of the hood and completely covering the exterior of surface of said heating element. Thus, essentially the heat insulation for the heating element is, in accordance with our invention, quite lopsided, being minimal on the interior side of the areal heating element and predominantly, indeed, essentially solely, on the exterior side of the areal heating element. As shown herein, the heat insulation for the heating element is in the form of two flexible areal coextensive heat insulation layers, to wit, an interior flexible areal layer 24, and an exterior flexible areal layer 26, which function conjointly for the same purpose, i.e., to create a steep heat gradient between the inner and outer layers 12, 14, and to form a mass in which heat can be stored. The inner layer 24 may, for example, be in the form of a quarter inch thick felt of sisal fibers, while the outer layer 26 may be in the form of a hat of glass'wool ranging from about to 15 inch in thickness. In a satisfactory working embodiment of our invention the total area of the sisal insulation is about inches, the same corresponding to the area of the inside of the hood. In the same embodiment the total area of the fiberglass ulation is about 240 square inches, such insulation being"of double thickness over the crown and back of the hood where the hair is customarily of increased thickness when wetted with a treating composition and randomly piled up on the scalp.

The insulation layers-are in the shape of the space. between theinner and outer layers. 12. 14.

Preferably, the total weight of the. hood. is kept reason ably low, so that the. same will be. comiortable on a. woman's head andthereby its. use encouraged; A typical weight for the hood is 30.0. grams. However, we contemplate a weight which may vary as much. as from 10.0. grams. to 230.0 grams.

In the aforesaid embodiment of our invention we have obtained. satisfactory results where the total length of the. Nichrorne wire (coiled about the core which in turn is arranged in loops and bights) is. about 350, inches, itsresistancc being about 20.0. ohms. and its power consumption being about 6,0 watts -at 110. volts.

The temperature of the hood is controlled by any suitable means, such, for instance, as thermostats, two thermostats. 18 here being shown. The thermostats areconnected in series between the heating element and a flexible line 311 which leads to tr twin-bladed. plug 312. The thermostats. are physically located in juxtaposition. to the heating element. Said line 351 extends through a grommet 3.4 in the. inner layer 12. near the open mouth of the cap. at the rear ere f. The. plug is outside of the grommet. Aswe pointed out above, the shape of. the mouth hood -desi rably is such that said mouth is substantially plane when the hood. is open. The gronunet serves to. locate. and aid in supportingthe line 30. and. if desired the. gr mme and/or line mayinclude a. suitable. strain relief (not shown). Theline. 3.0, is of such lengthin apreferrcd form. of our invention that the line end or the plug is at or closely adjacent to the grommet. We. have secured excellent results where there is substantially no space between the line end of the plug and the grommet. However. we, also have obtained sati'siaetory results with upv to 3 inches of exposed line. if desired the flexible line m y 2 several feet long and include a manually controlled oE-on switch to electrically disconnect the heating ele-- ment iron: at source of electric power af er t hood is. charger] sufliciently. with heat and before it is placed. on he h ad.

In. order to shield back of the user's neck from the p us and s bl d e. nco pora e a o ble t 36 n t e th sam be a by s nsr o the exposed. i th inner. ay r in front oi the plug 32 (see FIG. 2). tab is in apQfiitiO an o a s z o ov r th P1E- th o tats 2a. are o ome s to cu out. electric power to the heating element (when the plug ill; is coupl d o a. wall outlet). at a tempe at re f abou 1 0' to, 19,0 F. In the particular embodiment of our invention. above reficrrcd to, the thermostats areset at 178' F. plus or m n s 6. E. t i b ng e t mpe atu t the real heating element and, efiectively, the temperature atthe eitn se surface the. inner y r 12.

The thickness. and type of the heat insulation and the configuration and electrical characteristics of the areal. heating element are such that aiter the. plug 31 is inserted into awall outlet, asshown in FIG. 1, with its plane month resting against the wall and witha 110 volt source oi supply, the exposed. inner surface of the hood... i.e., the exp sed. ex e s rface at the inne layer 12. will reach a temperature of at. least 100' F. within about five minutes and will reachan. equilibrium temperature not exceeding about 19.0 F. and not less. than about 150' F., e.g., an equilibrium temperature of about 165 F., within. about eight to. fifteen minutes. The equilibrium temperature to which we are referring is notfthe temperature of the. resistance wire. during heating, nor the temperaturepfi the inner layer immediately in contact with the heating n wh n. t atter is b ing energ ze but, rat r, is the approirimately uniform temperature of the. tuner layer after the heating eelment'has been cut 0E b5? 1 thermostats for about ten. tofifteen seconds, or, for convenience, the temperature. oi th e inner ayer. m w y between a pair of adjacent reaches, of the hea naw l 'fi- The. relative weights and charatceristics of the heat insulation and; heating element are also such that when the plug is disconnected from a wall outlet and the hood is. allowed to cool without a. forced flow. of air and. while. the hood is in an atmosphere at ordinary room temperatures. Of from about 25. to. 3.0 C., the mouth of the hood it ng. xposed to suchair, the hood after being heated (heat-charged), to equilibrium. in the aforesaid. manner, Will. cool to. a temperature on the exposed side of its inner layer oi from about 1.00. F. to 145 F. afler five minutes. and a temperature of from about 90, F. to about 1.35 F. after about. eight minutes. We believe, that for best results the temperatureoi the exposed surface of the inner layer after about five minutes of cooling in the I aforesaid manner subsequent. to heating should be about to F. It has been found. that the foregoing heat a d electrical. characteristics of the hood will provide a steep heat. gradient and a heat storage mass capable oi furnishing heat for a protractedperiod of time at a sufficiently elevated temperature to obtain. excellent results for treatm nt. o hair on the human s lp w c hair has. h app i d h e ome ort of a treating ag n u h r quant ze as a hair co oring Q mPQ i ion. Moreo e the fact t the operates to color or permanently wave the wh ejit is c o ing. an not con t d to a sou ielectric power causes. the hood. to aut mat al x ph p ocess ngwhen the cooli a u dsd fa enough t etfe i y halt processing. This prevents o-verproccss- In FIG 5: and 6; we have i lus ra a a ernat f rm of flegtible areal heating element 18 which we have found. o e r r i zul r y cft c iv in bt ing a uniforr he charging of the insulation and, hence, a consequent uniform radiation-dispensing pattern. of heat during the discharge processing period when the hood is disconnected item a source of electric power FIG. 5' shows the said h at ng element 1. at er it has been made but b t has been interposed between the inner and. outer layers 12,. -14 of the hood, while. FIG. 6, shows the. element 18' t e as; r i s manut c u sr to wk the resistance wire has been cemented to a fabric carrier and while the is ai o t n th fla b efor th a rier has h d s part arrang d h l t geth r in a t r dimensional shape corresponding to the shape of the hood.

The. heating elernent l8- constitutes a carrier 40 of fabric, e.g., linen or buckrann out out in the flat ll. a ati r (F F G. 6} with the bases f. the sides bes 4236 r nn ng a o g 8 i u m with thebase of the central lobe 4,4..Ihe said base line. is upwardly slo at its opposite. ends to impart the upward sweep from e rear to the trout of the mouth oi the hood. The inner edges 48, 50 of the side lobes are of the same length as and are secured as by stitching 52 to the sides f c n r l lobe ai de lo e me ing a e p 54 Of he cen r l. lobe an h Oliwr edges of e side lobes being oi the same length and being secured to one. another as by stitching 6.0 to transform the trilobate carrier 40 into the shape of a hood (see FIG. 5) with the central obe 4 ex d ng from t ba e ge. which. is the back, edge of the. hood, upwardly and forwardly over the of the helmet. The side lobes. 4 2, 46 ezttend c um erent l n ar y o. ha e th r u r e ge 56 58 meet along'a line running verticalhf upwardly and e tendi g t t t ut center o e b om e g o th hood to the tip 54 of the forwardlyfold'ed central lobe.

e ea in i e a '5 i c eng h of N ch rn having a of 17%. ohms to the foot the Nichrcm wir b in pi led. about an asb s co e feet in length covered by -an asbestos sheath. This continuous length cemented to the trilobate carrier as hown. i IG-1 6; to w t. in p rs ra a l n e y iqined" at a p site ds. by ghta. the sashes .in'c ch. a s ex en ing i mu ua y pa all l. rela ionship from he.

toward tin oi the. lobeflhereby the three-dimenhea ius un t 1 v has the reaches in the central o extending from back to front over the down of the hood (see FIG. while the reaches in the side lobes extend circumferentially around the temples from the nape to the forehead.

To practice the method of our invention, the hood is plugged into a Wall outlet, as illustrated in FIG. 10. It will be observed that the center of gravity of the hood is spaced from the wall and therefore tends to swing the mouth of the'hood into contact with the wall, the flexible lead 30 acting as a hinge. However, since the'mouth of the hood is plane, substantially the entire periphery of the hood at its mouth is H t against the wall, so that during the heating period there is-a minimal tendency for heat to, escape from the hood because of convection. In the preferred form of our invention, the shortness of the lead wire between the plug and the grommet encourages this flat abutment of the hood against the wall and also locates the hood in a convenient spot to be plugged into a wall outlet and to be disengaged therefrom.

Due to the construction a'ndarrangement of the heat insulation and the areal heating element, the hood will, after a relatively shortperiod of time, e.g., eight to fifteen minutes, under thermostatic control, be raised to an internal equilibrium temperature (temperature at the exposed surface of the inner layer) of about 150 to 190' F., and preferably between about 160 to 180 F. The insula tion is so designed that at equilibrium condition (in a room at a temperature of 70' F.) the external surface of the outer layer 14 will not be higher than 120 F., so that the hood can be comfortably handled by an operator. Thereafter, the hood, now having been heatchar ed to an elevated temperature, is disconnected from the source of electric power, this being accomplished in the preferred form of our invention by uncoupling the hood from the wall outlet, and the hood is placed on a patron's hair which previously has had applied thereto a permanent waving agent or a coloring agent. During the period of time that it takes to convert the hood from its heatcharging mode to its hair treating mode by disconnecting it from a source of power and transferring it from the position it occupied during heating to that it occupies when treating the hair, the temperatureof the heating element and the portions of the inner layer in juxtaposition therewith will substantially blend to a uniform temperature so there will be no noticeable hot spots. This,temperature, which does not exceed 190 F. and is not less than 150' R, will not burn the patron, since at this time the majority of theheat is absorbed by the treating agent which is liberally applied to the patron's hair.

As best seen in FIG. 3, the hood is so designed that it will cover the hair on the forehead of the wearer, the hair over the crown of her head, the hair which may fall over her ear lobes, and the hair down to the nape of the neck. However, the hood will leave a clear space for forward vision of the patron.

We have discovered that, using ing agents or permanent waving agents and a hood such as described above under the circumstances above set forth the treatment time is reduced to approximately $6 to ,5 the time which would be required without the application of our heat accelerating equipment.

We have heretofore mentioned the fact that the hair coloring or permanent waving agents used in connection with our process are conventional in the art, as is their application to the hair, the only improvement residing in the fact that we accelerate the coloring or permanent waving by applying to the air, after the coloring or permanent waving agents have been placed thereon, a unit including a heat storage mass which has been heat-charged by electrically heating its inner surface, but is disconnected from electric power during the heat coloring or permanent waving of the hair. The treating agent, i.e., the coloring or permanent waving agent, may be water-based or in the form of a lotion, or a jelly, or a thixotropic mass, all of which are so conventional that they will not be described here in detail.

conventional hair color- 10 By way of example, one specific conventional coloring composition which can be used in our process is the following which consists of two packages. The first package contains the below listed compounds.

Percentage by weight p-Aminodiphenylamine 0.05 4-amino-2-nltrophen0l 0.1 p-Aminophenol 0.21 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine 0.1 p-Phenylenediamine 2.1 Fusion mixture #1 0.2 Pyrogallol 0.2 Resorcinol 1.4 Sodium sulphite (preservative) 0.2 Ammonium hydroxide sufiicient to adjust to pH of about 9. Ethyl alcohol proof) qs to 100 Fusion mixture #1 consists of equal parts of 4-nitroo'pbenylenediamine, l and 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine-1 which are. mixed together and fused at about 300' F. and then powdered.

The second package consists of 20 volume hydrogen peroxide stabilized with 1% of sodium stannate.

Immediately before use equal parts by volume of the compositions of the two packages are mixed together. The composite composition will color hair dark brown.

This composite coloring composition is for applications to blonde or light brown hair. At room temperature it will change the color of lighter hair to dark brown in about 25 to 45 minutes depending upon the texture of the hair and the starting color.

When the same coloring composition is applied to hair and thereafter a hood embodying our invention and heat-charged to a temperature of about F. is placed on the thus wetted hair the hair will change its color to dark brown in about five minutes regardless of texture and starting color.

Likewise, by way of example, a specific conventional bleaching composition is a 20 wolume hydrogen peroxide stabilized with 1% of sodium stannate which without heat requires about thirty minutes to change dark brown hair to light brown hair. When this same bleaching composition is applied to the hair and then the hair is emplaced in a hoodembodying our invention, heat-charged to a temperature of about 165' F., dark brown hair will be changed to light brown hair in about five minutes.

An example of a specific permanent waving solution is 6 grams of ammonium thioglycolate with sufficient ammonium hydroxide to establish a pH of 9.3 and enough water to make up 100 grams of solution. At room temperature (without beat) this will take about twenty minutes to reduce hair sufficiently for waving. When we employ the same solution to hair is reduced sufficiently for waving in about five minutes using our invention. For such waving, the hair is sectioned into tresses which are wound on rollers. Then the solution is applied to the rolled tresses and there is placed on the head a hood embodying our invention heat-charged to a temperature of about 165 F. The hair will he softened sufficiently for waving in about five minutes. The hood is removed and an oxidizing lotion of 10 volume hydrogen peroxide applied to the rolled tresses and left on for about five minutes at room temperature to reharden the hair. Shampooing and rinsing follows.

Briefly reviewing the steps of our method as applied to coloring, the hood is plugged into a wall outlet to start the charging period during which it will take about eight to fifteen minutes for thg hoocl to reach a tcmperatureequilibrium with its inner surface at a temperature between about 150 F. to Ffpsdepending on the settings of the thermostats. If the hood is left connected for a longer time its temperature will stay at about equilibrium. The hair coloring composition, is applied to the hair, and, after its application, the heated 11' hood is. unplugged and plaoed. over the hair, as illustrated in FIGS.. 2 and 3. The hood. is left on long enough to.

omplete the treatment which for dyeing usually will,

take about five minutes. If at the end of this period the. treatment has not been completed, the same hood may be heat-recharged or another hood which has been heatcharged is applied to the hair in place ofthe somewhat.

cooled-oft hood. Also, if the coloring has. not proceeded to-aisufiicient extent because of exhaustion of the. coloring composition fresh coloring composition can be appliedto the hair and a freshly heat-charged" hood placed on tho'head. For example, if bleaching is performed, a second application of a bleaching composition may. be applied" to the hair and the hair heated with one hood after such application. It will be observed that the. hood by cooling down effectivelystops the processing so that it has the built in safety feature of what amounts to an automatic shut-ofi.

It will be appreciated that because the hood is configured to closely fita wetted mass of hair on the scalp, as is clearly illustrated in FIG. 3, and is semirigid and flexible, there is practically a total absence of air circulation. Hence, there is a minimum transfer of heat flom the hood to the treated hair by convection and die transfer is almost wholly limited to the transfer of heat by radiation; Also the hair after the heat treatmentis not noticably dried; apparently the atmosphere within the hood becomes so saturated during the mild heatingthatappreciable evaporation of the liquid carrier in the coloring composition is appreciably inhibited.

we have observed that by employing our apparatus and method, a particularly. good uniformity of treatment, specifically coloring, is obtained, and that there is essentially no deterioration of the desirable physical characteristies of the hair. We believe that the mild heat applied in the manner above described opens the hair shafts so as to permit the coloring or permanent waving composition topenetrate the samemore easily. We have found that there is less irritation of the scalp using our method and; equipment than. there is employing the same type of treating agents but allowing themto stay on the hair for extended periods of time as they have heretofor'e when wheat was applied.

It thus will be seen that we have provided asystem whieh achieves the several objects of our invention and which is well adapted to meet the conditions of practical use.

1-. A method of coloring or permanently waving hair on the human scalp, said method comprising, applying a chemical coloring or permanent waving agent to hair on a human head, providing a semirigid, flexible imperforate hood having an open mouth, a flexible inner layer and aflexible outer layer, said layers being spaced apart, a thermostatically controlled a eal uniformly effective heating clement adjacent the inner surfaoe of the inner layer and spaced from the inner surface. of the outer layer, and a. thick flexible mass of heating insulation predominantly located. between the heating element and in terior surface of the outer layer, said insulation serving to. nrcv dc a t epmperatur gr dient; t am. the i n ay r to the outer layer, connecting the hood while oil of the head to a source of electric power for aperiod of time sufficient to. heat-charge the hood. to. a temperature equilibrium with the temperature of its inner surface at about 150 F. to. 190." F. and with the temperature, of itsoutcr surface not exceeding about F. and thereby to. store heat in the heating insulation, disconnecting the hood from, the. source of electric power, the heating element and the, heating insulation being such that when the heating element is connected to a source of electric power the hood will. reach temperature equilibriumin from about eight to fifteen minutes and such that when thedisconnected hood is ofi the head the temperature of its inner surface will reduce to between about 100. and 145 in about five, minutes and to between about 90 to inabout eight minutes, and then placing the hood on the head with the hood in close proximity to the treated hair so that convective transfer of heat from the hood to the hair is minimized and. substantially all of the heat is transferred from the. hood to. the hair by radiation to treat the hair, the cooling off of the hood automatically terminatsuch treatment.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the heating element and the heat insulation are such that when the heated disconnected hood is off the head the temperature of its inner surface will reduce to between 120. to. 130. F. inabout 5 minutes.

3. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the, hood has a substantially fiat plane mouth and wherein the mouth is held flatly against a surface during the heatcharging period.

4; A method as set forth in claim 3. wherein the hood has a plug; for connection to. a wall outlet and wherein a short flexible lead line connects the plug to the heating element, so that the. hood hangs from the plug when the latter is engaged with a wall outlet and swings the mouth to a positionabutt-ing the wall.

5. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the hood is held with its open mouth. against a wall during the. heat'charging period and wherein the internal surface of the hood reaches, its temperature equilibrium in about eight to, fifteen minutes with the hood so positioned.

6. A method as set forth in claim 5 wherein the. hood during the. heat-charging period reaches a tem ature of at least l,0.0, F. on its inner surface in about fivie minutes.

7. A method as set forth-.in claim 1 wherein the hood is, so. configured that, when the, hood is on the head, the hood covers. the brow, ear lo es and nape. of the. user and is closely adjacent the. same.

ference Cit d UNITED SIATES P N 2,500,554 3/l950 MacDonald etal. 2l9--24 3,239,619 12/1966 Zellerman 1 32-7- QTHER REFERENCES. Zestowwave, Modern Beauty- Shop catalog, October 1950, section 1, p. 103.

LQUIS G. MANCENE, Prinuvyv Examiner.

G. E, MCNEILL, Assistant Examiner.

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