US3436186A - Test method for assessing ovulatory function - Google Patents

Test method for assessing ovulatory function Download PDF

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US3436186A
US3436186A US346475A US3436186DA US3436186A US 3436186 A US3436186 A US 3436186A US 346475 A US346475 A US 346475A US 3436186D A US3436186D A US 3436186DA US 3436186 A US3436186 A US 3436186A
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test
chloride
ovulation
mucus
ovulatory
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US346475A
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Daniel J Mcsweeney
Anthony J Sbarra
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CONSOLIDATED LAB Inc
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CONSOLIDATED LAB Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/74—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving hormones or other non-cytokine intercellular protein regulatory factors such as growth factors, including receptors to hormones and growth factors
    • G01N33/76—Human chorionic gonadotropin including luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone or their receptors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/52—Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper and including single- and multilayer analytical elements
    • G01N33/521—Single-layer analytical elements
    • G01N33/523—Single-layer analytical elements the element being adapted for a specific analyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/74—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving hormones or other non-cytokine intercellular protein regulatory factors such as growth factors, including receptors to hormones and growth factors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/84—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving inorganic compounds or pH
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/15—Inorganic acid or base [e.g., hcl, sulfuric acid, etc. ]
    • Y10T436/153333—Halogen containing

Definitions

  • fern test as noted when a smear of cervical mucus is allowed to dry on a glass slide and examined under the microscope, may be valuable in the diagnosis of many conditions re- .4 lated to gonadal hormonal activity in women.
  • This socalled fern test has been found helpful in the study of ovulation, primary amenorrhea, the menopause in pregnancy, abortion, and other obstetrical and gynecological conditions.
  • the fern testis oftentimes difiicult to interpret because of the difliculty of distinguishing between typical and atypical reactions. In addition, it does not readily lend itself to routine use because of the laborious nature of the test itself.
  • a body fluid smear such as of cervical mucus
  • a suitable chloride ion content indicating medium such as an indicating paper
  • the tests may be utilized to detect normal and abnormal pregnancies, as well as abnormalities of the ovulatory function.
  • a smear of the cervical mucus is taken directly from the cervical canal with a swab such as a cotton or calcium alginate swab, and rubbed on the test paper.
  • a swab such as a cotton or calcium alginate swab
  • Alginate e.g., calcium alginate
  • swabs are definitely superior to cotton swabs for this purpose, i.e., the performance of the test, all other factors being equal.
  • the resultant spot on the test paper using an alginate swab appears cleaner or smoother and gives enhanced contrast for easier interpretation of the test.
  • a swab-tipped plunger encased in a cylinder of cardboard or plastic.
  • the cylinder is introduced well up into the vagina, the plunger is pushed up to the cervix for the specimen of mucus and then withdrawn into the cylinder again before the whole device is removed.
  • This has the advantage of not contaminating the swab with mucus or other substances which may be present in and around the vaginal orifice.
  • the plunger is pushed upward again to expose the swab tip, which is then rubbed gently over an area of about two centimeters on the treated test paper.
  • the patient takes smears every day or every few days of her cycle from the end of one menses to the beginning of the next.
  • estrogenic activity followed by progestational activity is noted according to the changes observed on the paper.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A patient, age 22, reported one year of apparent infertility. In order to determine whether this patient ovulated, she was instructed to take a cervical mucus test for chlorides, as described herein, performing these tests daily at home from the end of one menses to the beginning of the next, The chloride test results showed a maximum intensity of the reaction on the 10th day with a definite drop in intensity of the chloride test on the 11th day, indicating a height of estrogen production and therefore a probable time of ovulation of the 10th day followed by a drop in chloride concentration and a presumable effect of progesterone on the 11th day. These data showed a definite ovulation time on the 10th day of a 24-day cycle.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A patient, age 37, had been married five years with no pregnancies. Clinical examination showed a large fibroid uterus. A mear was taken for chlorides on the 14th day of a 28-day cycle to determine probable ovulation. The chloride smear on the 14th day showed a very intense stain of approximately .9% chlorides suggesting high estrogen production, which indicated either imminent or actual ovulation. These data were confirmed by a 3+ fern test and a vaginal smear taken at the same time which showed cornified cells. These data would suggest that the lack of ovulation would not in itself be the explanation for infertility in this patient.
  • EXAMPLE 7 A patient, age 51, had a history of amenorrhea for ten months. She complained of hot flashes and dizzy spells and the test was made to determine estrogen deficiency at menopause. The chloride test using cervical mucus showed a very slight chloride percentage, indicating estrogen deficiency. This was substantiated by a negative fern test and a vaginal smear showing 90% precornified cells and parabasals, with no cornified cells.
  • EXAMPLE 8 A patient, age 54, complained of headaches, sweats, hot dashes, and nervousness. This patient was a menopausal case on whom previous vaginal smears had indicated estrogen deficiency.
  • the fern test was 1+ and the vaginal smear showed 30% cornification. The results of the chloride test clearly were consistent with the vaginal smear and fern test results and served as a criterion of the effect of estrogen therapy.
  • EXAMPLE 9 A patient, age 34, complained of profuse prolonged menses with gross irregularity. A smear of cervical mucus for chloride reaction was taken to determine if the condition might be caused by uninterrupted estrogen stimulation. Chloride test on the 16th day of cycle showed intense staining (over 0.8%) from a high chloride percentage (hyperestrinism) indicating high estrogen elaboration. The fern test was 3+ and the vaginal smear showed 80% cornified cells. The chloride test was confirmed by the positive fern test. Diagnosis of hyperestrinism with probable anovulation was made.
  • EXAMPLE 10 A patient, age 35, was examined using cervical as well as nasal mucosa smears with calcium alginate swabs in order to determine the day during the ovulatory cycle at which a peak chloride reaction was found. The patient had a 24-day cycle and, on the 12th day, both the cervical and nasal smears showed a marked reaction by the chloride test of approximately 0.85% chlorides as sodium chloride. This determination indicated that the chloride ion concentration of the nasal mucosa was as elfective as that of the cervical mucus and indicated the period of ovulation.
  • chloride ion concentrations of at least about .8% or higher are indicative of the ovulation period, while lower concentrations such as .5% or less are indicative of periods outside the ovulation period, it is obviously necessary to have an indicating test means which accurately distinguishes the various concentrations over at least this range.
  • a diagnostic test method for determining ovulatory function which comprises withdrawing a sample of cervical mucus, and determining the chloride ion concentration of said mucus as an indication of the state of the ovulatory function at that time.
  • a diagnostic test method for determining ovulatory function which comprises withdrawing a sample of cervical mucus, determining the chloride ion concentration of said mucus, and comparing the determined value for chloride ion concentration with a predetermined standard in which chloride ion concentration is correlated to ovulatory function.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Reproductive Health (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
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US346475A 1964-02-21 1964-02-21 Test method for assessing ovulatory function Expired - Lifetime US3436186A (en)

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BE (1) BE659987A (en))
BR (1) BR6567358D0 (en))
CH (1) CH443557A (en))
DE (1) DE1598199A1 (en))
ES (1) ES309450A1 (en))
GB (1) GB1103401A (en))
NL (1) NL6501887A (en))
NO (1) NO115038B (en))
SE (1) SE312937B (en))

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4390633A (en) * 1981-07-24 1983-06-28 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Determining reproductive status of mammals with NMR of cervical mucus
US5721142A (en) * 1994-08-22 1998-02-24 Texas A & M University System Method for monitoring mammalian reproductive cycles
US6234974B1 (en) 1992-08-21 2001-05-22 Unilever Patent Holdings B.V. Monitoring method
US6451619B1 (en) 1994-06-29 2002-09-17 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Monitoring methods and devices for use therein
US6454726B1 (en) 1992-08-21 2002-09-24 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Monitoring method
US20020137220A1 (en) * 1996-09-27 2002-09-26 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Monitoring methods
US6585663B1 (en) 1992-08-21 2003-07-01 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Advisory method
US6951631B1 (en) 1996-09-27 2005-10-04 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Test kits and devices
US7044919B1 (en) 1998-04-02 2006-05-16 Michael Catt Test methods, devices and test kits
US7141212B2 (en) 1993-11-12 2006-11-28 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Reading devices and assay devices for use therewith
US20090126252A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-21 Ricky James Lowe Estrus scent article and process of making

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2676874A (en) * 1949-09-27 1954-04-27 Devine John Berchmans Method of and means for the rapid approximate quantitative estimation of chloride concentration in aqueous liquids

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2676874A (en) * 1949-09-27 1954-04-27 Devine John Berchmans Method of and means for the rapid approximate quantitative estimation of chloride concentration in aqueous liquids

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4390633A (en) * 1981-07-24 1983-06-28 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Determining reproductive status of mammals with NMR of cervical mucus
US6234974B1 (en) 1992-08-21 2001-05-22 Unilever Patent Holdings B.V. Monitoring method
US6454726B1 (en) 1992-08-21 2002-09-24 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Monitoring method
US6585663B1 (en) 1992-08-21 2003-07-01 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Advisory method
US7141212B2 (en) 1993-11-12 2006-11-28 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Reading devices and assay devices for use therewith
US6451619B1 (en) 1994-06-29 2002-09-17 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Monitoring methods and devices for use therein
US5721142A (en) * 1994-08-22 1998-02-24 Texas A & M University System Method for monitoring mammalian reproductive cycles
US6039923A (en) * 1994-08-22 2000-03-21 Texas A & M University System Method and kit for monitoring mammalian reproductive cycles
US20020137220A1 (en) * 1996-09-27 2002-09-26 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Monitoring methods
US20060083658A1 (en) * 1996-09-27 2006-04-20 Michael Catt Test kits and devices
US6951631B1 (en) 1996-09-27 2005-10-04 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Test kits and devices
US7632460B2 (en) 1996-09-27 2009-12-15 Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh Test kits and devices
US7044919B1 (en) 1998-04-02 2006-05-16 Michael Catt Test methods, devices and test kits
US20090126252A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-21 Ricky James Lowe Estrus scent article and process of making

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DE1598199A1 (de) 1970-04-02
NL6501887A (en)) 1965-08-23
CH443557A (de) 1967-09-15
BR6567358D0 (pt) 1973-07-26
SE312937B (en)) 1969-07-28
BE659987A (en)) 1965-08-19
NO115038B (en)) 1968-07-08
GB1103401A (en) 1968-02-14
ES309450A1 (es) 1966-03-01

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