US343569A - coopee - Google Patents

Description

5 Smeets-Sheet` 1.

(No Model.)

G W COOPER HYDRAULIG ENGINE,

No. 343,569'. Patented J11'11e15, 1886.

M w m (No Model.)

l 15 sneetsQshet 2.

C. W. COOPER. HYDRAULIC ENGINE.

Patented June 1 5, 18,86.

5 sheetssheen a.

(No Model.)

C W COOPER HYDRAULIC ENGINE.

No. 343,569. l Patented June l5, 1886.

MSA/f (NqMoael.) 5 sheets-sheet 4. y

C. W. COOPER.

- HYDRAULIC ENGINE.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet '5.

C. WQ COOPER. HYDRAULIC ENGINE.

No. 343,569. K I Patented June 15, 1886.

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UNITED STATES' PATENT Fries".

CHARLES W. COOPER, OF BROOKLYN, EV YORK.

HYDRAULIC ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No 343,569, dated .Tune 15, 1886.

Application filed April i7, 1883.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES W. COOPER, ofthe city of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Engines, of which the following is a specification.`

My invention relates, generally, to doubleacting hydraulic engines, which are operated and method or means of operating both they induction-valves which control the admission of water under pressure to an engine-cylinder, and the eduction-valves, which are independent of the induction-valves, and which control the exhaust or discharge of water from the engine-cylinder after performing its work therein.

In carrying out my invention I arrange the eduction-valves so that they close in the same direction in which water is to pass through them, and I connect them together so thatthe closing of one effects the opening of the other. I also arrange the induction-valves so that they close in the same direction in which the water is to pass through them, and also conneet them together so that the opening of one insures the closing of the other.

The invention consists in the combination, with the main cylinder and piston of a double-acting hydraulic engine and inductionvalves therefor, of eduction-valves independent of the induction-valves, closing in the same direction in which water is to pass through them, and connected Yashereinafter described, whereby the closing of one effects the opening of the other, passages through which water passes from the induction-valves to the main cylinder, and auxiliary pistons connected with the eduction-valves and operative by the pressure of water in said passages to shift the eduction-valves.

Serial NoA 93,069. (No model.)

The invention also consists in the combination, with the main cylinder and piston of a double-acting hydraulic engine and inductionvalves closing in the same direction in which water is to pass through them, and connected together, as hereinafter described, whereby the opening of one insures the closing of the from the induction-valves to the main cylinder, the induction-valves when closed being acted upon by the pressure of water in said passages, eduction-valvesindependent of the induction-valves, closing in the same direction in which water is to pass through them, and connected together as hereinafter described, whereby the closing of one effects the opening of the other, and auxiliary pistons connected with the eduction-valves and operative by the pressure of the water in said passages to shift said reduction-valves.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a double acting hydraulie engine embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a similar section of an engine of modified form,also embodying the invention. Fig. Sis a similar section of an engine of another form, also embodying the invention. Fig. 4 is a similar section or" another en gine, also embodying the invention. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section on the dotted line x x, Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of still another form of engine,also embodying the invention;

the engine shown in Fig. 6 upon the dotted line y y.

In most of the figures of the drawings the engine is shown in combination with a pump which is driven by it; but neither the pump portion of the apparatus nor the combination of the engine and pump is to be considered as a part of my invention.

rIhe invention relates only to the engine or driving portion ofthe machine,and the pump merely serves as an illustration of a useful purpose to which the power of the engine may be applied.

In the several figures of the drawings I have shown only such parts as are necessary to illustrate my invention; but have not fully illustrated all the details of construction-as, for instance,the pump-cylinders,valve-chambers, &c., and the bolts for 'securing the several other, of passages through which water passes and Fig. 7 is a transverse vertical section of IOO parts together; but all such features will be readily understood by skilled mechanics familiar with hydraulic apparatus.

The engine shown in Fig.1 includes two single-acting engine pistons and cylimle1's,\vl1ich constitutethe piston and cylinderibra doubleaeting engine and an intermediate double-act` ing pump piston and cylinder for raising a comparatively large quantity of water to a height or pressure less than that from which the engine derives its supply.

A designates the pump-eylinder-,which may be provided with suitable suction and discharge valves. (Not here shown.) This cylinder is provided with inletand outlet. ports s, controlled by such valves.

B designates the pump-piston which works in said cylinder, and may be provided with any suitable packing. In this instance the ends of the cylinder A have secured to them engine-cylinders U G, which together constitute the cylinder of the doulole-acting` engine and which are of smaller diameter, and D D designate plungers or pistons attached to or formed with the piston B, and which work in said engine-cylinders C C. These pistons or plungers arehollow.and communicate through holes a with the cylinder A on opposite sides of the piston B, and the passage through them is controlled by valves E E. which have long stems b b',extending through the pistons D D and abutting against each other in the piston B. The said stems do not come in absolute contact; but they are separated by a flexible diaphragm, c, in the piston B, which prevents leakage through the piston, and they are of such length that the valves .E l can never be both closed at the same time. The opening movements of the valves E E are limited by pins c', which enter slots c in the valve rods or stems I) b.

Upon the backs of the valves E E are secured auxiliary pistons F F', which have their outer ends of reduced diameter, for a purpose hereinafter described, and which are adapted to enter cylinders G G in the ends of the cylinders C C. These auxiliary pistons should be about half the area of the pistons D D.

l-I designates the induction-valve piece, which, as here shown, consists of a simple cylinder adapted to close on either of two seats, d d', in a easing, ll, into which the inlet pipe H2 enters. rlhe piece Il therefore constitutes two valves. Each seat d d is formed with sideopenings, l, and ribs or guides 2, and at the ends of the casing lil are chambers e e', into one or the other of which the water passes when t-he valve is open, and from which pipes ff lead to the ends of the auxiliary cylinders G G. The chambers e e and pipes ff simply form passages,th rough which water passes from the valve to the engine-cylinders C C. The valve-piece H always opens outward relatively to the engine-eylinders-as, for example, it moves toward the left hand to admit water to the right-hand clylinder C, and vice Versa. In starting the engine the Valvepiecc Il maybe operated manually by means of the puslrrods s. As shown in the drawings, the water enters through the valve-seat d, chamber e, and pipef, to the left-hand engine-cylinder C. and forces the pistons D B D toward the right. The valve Eis at this time closed, but the valve E is open, and the water in the cylinder C passes through said valve and the hollow piston D into the cylinder A on the rightlhand side of the piston B, and augments the discharge therefrom. At the same time the cylinder A, on the left-hand side of the piston B, is being iilled with water by suction. This movement continues until the piston F enters the cylinder G', whereupon the water in that cylinder will be forced backward -into the cylinder C, while the smaller part ofthe piston F is entering and until the piston comes to so tighta iit that no water can pass. Then the pressure on the piston D will be partly balanced by the pressure ou the smaller area ol' the piston F, and before the pistons can move farther to the right the press ure, acting upon the difference in area between thepistons D and F, must become great enough to do the work, because, as the pressure increases in the chamber C, it must necessarily become equally high in the pipe j" and chamber c before the valve-pieee H can be forced from its seat d against that pressure. lf a iiywheel pump is employed to supply water un der pressure through the pipe llt, the momentulu of the ily-wheel of said pump will cause the additional pressure to be obtained on the piston D the instant there is any check to the current supplied through the pipe H2, and the movement ofthe pistons toward the right will continue until the pressure produced in the pipe f and chamber e by the movement of the small piston F into its cylinder G', acting ,on

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the right-hand end of the induction-valve i piece H, moves it away from the seat d and closes it on the seat d. The water from the pipe H2 then has free passage through the chamber c and pipef into the auxiliary cylinder G, and by reason of the momentum of the flywheel ofthe pump which supplies the water, or ofthe water itself, the pressure is increased in the cylinder G until it is sufficient, by acting through the val verstelns b b', to move the valve E from its seat. The water in the cylinder C then has a free outlet through the hollow piston l) into the cylinder A on the left-hand side ofthe piston. At the same time that the pressure on the auxiliary piston F opens the valve E it will close the valve E, and if said valve is not entirely closed when the larger or tightly-titting part of the piston the valve E would be entirely closed by the current, even if the piston should entirely leave the cyliiuler G before its closing movement is completed.

A small quantity of water might, however, escape through the valve l pistons is somewhat smaller than the area of E' before it is entirely closed, and to prevent this loss ot' power I make the pistons F F of reduced diameter at the ends` so that they maypenetrat-e the cylinders farther in their entering movement before confining the water to reverse the stroke, and as a consequence will have sufficient movement on the reverse stroke to close the valves E E before leaving the cylinders. As soon as the piston F leaves the cylinder G', the pressure immediately falls to that necessary to vmove the engine by acting on the larger area ot' the piston D', and the pistons D', B, and D are then all moved toward the left hand to make the return-stroke.

Although I have stated that the momentum of a iy-wheel on the pump which supplies the waterthrough the pipe HIZ is depended on to increase the pressure automatically when the auxiliary pistons F F' are entering and leaving their small cylinders G G', the same result might be attained by the momentum of the water inq the supply-pipe H2, if the latter be long enough.

Although I have here shown two separate cylinders, C C', and two pistons, D D', they are each only single-acting-one piston, D, forcing the pump-piston B toward the right and the other piston, D', forcing it toward the left-and therefore the two cylinders and their pistons form but one double-acting engine.

In the form of apparatus shown, in Fig. 2

.the construction and arrangement of the cylinder A and its ports s, the piston B, the cylinders C G' G G', and their pistons D D' F F' are the same as beforel described, except that there are no water-passages through the pistons D D', and the auxiliary pistons F F are formed on or attached rigidly to them. auxiliary pistons F F' need not, however, be attached to the pistons D D'. They might be independent of said pistons D D', but so arranged that the pistons D D' would abut against and move them infiterminating their movements. This latter, arrangement might indeed be preferable, because the accurate alignment of the auxiliary cylinders G G' with the cylinders C C' will not be necessary.

The construction and arrangement of the casing H', the induction-valve piece H, with its seats d d', the inlet-pipe H", the chambers c e', and pipes ff are all as before described. The eduction-valves E E' are arranged in chambers g g', which communicate, through openings controlled by the said valves, with an intermediate chamber, g", from which leads a discharge-pipe, g3. The valves E E are con` nected by a rodl or stem, b, so that the closing ofeither valve effects the opening ofthe other, and the valve-chambers g g' are connected by pipes h h with the ends ot the cylinders C C'. Between the chambers e e' and the adjacent chambers, g g', are openings or small cylinders a a", in which work auxiliary pistons i t', at-

' tached to or formed with the valves E E', and

by their movements controlling the opening and closing of said valves. The area of these The all arranged may be placed in any suitable situation relatively to the engine and pump, and at a distance therefrom, if desired, and the pipesf It 71.' may be prolonged and connected, as here shown, with the chambers e e' gg. As here shown, the valve H is closed onto the seat d', and the water is entering the cylinder C through the pipe f, and forcing the pistons D B D' toward the right, the water in front of the piston D' exhausting through the pipe L' and chamber g', valve E', chamber and pipe g3. .This operation continues until the auxiliary piston F' enters the small cylinder G', and thereby increases the pressure in the pipe j" and chamber e' sufliciently to move the valve-piece H from its seat d'. By the pressure in the pipe f' and chamber e' the valve-piece H will be moved over sufficiently to close the side openings, 1,/

in the seat d, and hence the water from the pipe H2 will no longer exert any tendency to hold said piece H against the seat d. As soon as this takes place, the chamber e is, through the chamber c, pipef, cylinder C, and pipe h in momentary communication with the chamber g, and hence the pressure in both the chambers e' and g is balanced; but as the area of the valve E is larger than that of the piston t', said valve remains seated. As soon, however, as the valve-piece H, by the combined action of the pressure in the passage e and from the inlet-pipe H2, is forced onto its seat d, the pressure accumulates or increases in the chamber e' until it is suiiicient, acting on the auxiliary piston i', to open the valve E and close the valve E'. The piston D is thereupon relieved of pressure, and the increased pressure in thccylinder G' forces the piston F', together with the pistons D' B D, toward the lel't. As soon as the piston F' leaves the cylinder G', the pressure of water falls, and, acting on the whole area of the piston D', makes the return-strokeof the several pistons D' B D. In this example of my invention, also, thc two single-acting cylinders and pistons C C D D' constitute a single double-acting engine.

ln Fig. 3 I have represented a double-acting engine which may be employed for Working pumps or for other kinds of work. In this case C designates the engine-cylinderand D the piston thereof, which transmits power through its rod DL.

The arrangement of the induction-valve piece H, its chest or casing H', provided with seats d d and inlet-pipe HZ, is the same as previously described, and from the casing the water passes through either seat and into the passage or chamber e or e'. Opposite the ends ofthe induction-valveare arranged rodsfif, which are each adapted to slide in a bearing, f4, and are moved away from the valve by springs f5, arranged between the bearing and a collar,f, on each rod. Said rods are conneeted with the upper ends of levers or pivoted rocker-arms J J', which are fulcrumed at 9*, and the lower ends of which are acted upon by push pins or plungers 71%' h,extending from the chambers e c' through the heads of the cylinder C, and against which the piston D may strike. Each'pin or plunger has a hole, h4, through it, and when in the position shown, where they are normally maintained by the springs f5, or into which position they are forced by the pressure in the chambers c c', these holes afford communication between the chambers e e and the cylinder C. The educltion-valves E E are connected together or push against 011e another, and are arranged in chambers g f/,which communicate with an intermediate chamber, g, from which leads the outlet-pipe y. lith the eduction-valves are connected auxiliary pistons t' t', which work in cylinders ccz, and these cylinders are constructed with side openings,1,andintermediate guides, 2, so that when the auxiliary piston is moved into the position of the piston 'i the water can pass freely from the chamber c into the chamber g, and thence to the cylinder C on the left side of the piston D. When the parts are in the position shown,watercan pass freely from the inlet-pipe IP into the chamber e, and thence through the auxiliary cylinder ainto the cylinder C,to force the piston D toward the right, the valve E being at the same time open, so that the water can exhaust from the right-hand side of the piston D, through the valve E', and out of the discharge or ex haust pipe g3. This operation continues until the piston D strikes the plunger h3, and when it does this,the plunger, is moved to cover its port 7i" and cut off communication between the chamber e and cylinder C, and by its movement it acts on the rocker arm or lever J', and pushing in the rod f againstthe induction-valve piece H, moves the said valve-pieee away from its seat d and allows water to enter the chamber c. The movement of the plunger 7i: into the passage or chamber c' increases by the amount of its bulk the pressure therein, and the increased pressure thus produced will suilice to start the valve-piece H from its seat d', and the rocker-arm J and rod f3 are only to be employed, if desirable, to insure such starting movement of the valvepiece from its seat d. As soon as the valvepiece H is thus moved over suilicicntly to restrict the flow through the seat d and slightly open the seat d', the increased resistance ot'- fered to the downward movement or the water in the pipe H2 by such restricted ilow will cause the water by its momentum to increase the pressurein the passage or chamber e', and such increased pressure will complete the movement of the valve-piece H. and, by acting on the auxiliary piston i', will close the valve E' and open the valve E. During the pas sage of the valve-piece H from one seat to the other the water-pressure per square inch on the closed eduction-valvc E and on the right-hand side of the auxiliary piston z" is equal, and because of the greater area of the valve E it is still held to its scat until the valve-piece H completes its movement. Il there were now a very slight leak from the left-hand end of the cylinder C past the pist0n D, the pressure on the valve E would be relieved, as there is no water entering on that side, and the pressure on the auxiliary piston i would at once move it and eiect the closing of the eduction-valve E' and the opening of the opposite valve, E. without further increase of pressure. If such a leakage is deemed desirable, it maybe provided for by grooving the cylinder C, as shown dotted at i2. If, on the contrary, the piston D is absolutely tight, the pressure on the auxiliary piston z" will immediately increase by reason of the momentum of the column of water iu thepipe H2, which, after the valvepiece H is closed on the seat d, has no outlet until the piston z" moves, or by reason of the momentum of a fly-wheel on a pump which supplies water through the pipe H2, and such increased pressure on the piston z" will overcome the pressure on the valve E and open the latter, and at the same time close the valve E. A free exhaust is thus provided from the left-hand end of the cylinder C, and the water from the chamber or passage e entering the right-hand end of the cylinder C, through the auxiliary cylinder aL into the cylinder C will effect the returnstroke ol the piston D.

I have here shown the valve-seats lfor the valves E l" as formed in casings or cylinders jz j, which are but slightly larger than the valves,and at a short distance beyond the Valve seats are formed with openings l, like those before described. This is advantageous, because when one of the auxiliary pistons-the piston i, for example-has moved sufficiently to enable it to open the passage into the cyiinder C the valve E will have nearly covered the openings l in its seat, and will have nearly stopped the liow of water, although it can still nieve far enough before it nally seats to allow a large water-passage through the auxiliary cylinder a and pastthe piston i', to admit water to act on the piston D.

In Figs. 4 and 5 l have represented a very simple formof hydraulic engine, which is pro vided with a fly-wheel, and may be employed for any kind of work. llhe valves of this engine are automatically shifted by the momentum of the fly-wheel without the necessity of' any mechanical connection between it and the valves.

C designates the cylindelgand D the piston, of a double acting hydraulic engine, the piston-rod D2 being connected by a cross-head, D, and connectingrod D, with a crank, D, on a shaft, D, said shaft being also provided with a flywheel, Dl.V

The induction-valve piece H, like those before described, is adapted to move between the seats d d', to control the passage of water ICO from the inlet-pipe Hlz to the chamber e or c', y

which are in direct communication with the l apertures h* through them, as have the plunends of the cylinder C. y

Near `the ends of the cylinder G are discharge-ports k2 la, which communicate with chambers g g', wherein are eduction-valves E E', which control the passage of water to the intermediate chamber, g2, and thence to the outlet-pipe, g3. The valves E E are connected so that when one is open the other is closed, and with them are connected auxiliary pistons i i', preferably of smaller area than the valves working in auxiliary cylinders a a2, to which ports o o lead from the ends of the cylinder C. The ports 7c'l 7c3 are arranged at such a distance from the ends of the cylinder that the piston D will cover them as it terminates its stroke; but the ports 0 o are arranged nearer the ends of the cylinder,and are never covered by the piston.

In the drawings the valve-piece H is moved away from the seat d, and water passes freely from the pipe H2int0 chamber e, and thence to the cylinder C,forcing the piston D toward the right. During this time the eduction-valve E is open, and water can escape freely from the right-hand side of the piston D. As soon as the piston D in its movement passes the port 7c3, the exhaust is cut off, and the pressure of the water on the right of the piston is increased instantly by the further movement of the piston, induced by the iiy-wheel in completing the revolution of the crank D, and acts on the righthand end of the valve-piece H, and on the auxiliary piston i. The valvepiece H, having equal area at each end,is moved first, and is thrown over onto the seat @Lopening the water-supply to the passage e and right-hand side of the piston D. The auxiliary piston i is also moved to close the valve E and open the valve E, and the slight movement of the piston D toward the right after the valve-piece H is closed against the seat d, produces a sudden decrease of pressure on the valve E, which will allow of its opening instantly.

This engine should be provided with an airchamber, H*, connected with the pipe H2 as close as possible to the cylinder C, as shown in Fig. 5, and then the excess of water displaced by t-he piston D after the port k3 is covered, and beyond what is required to move the valve-piece H will be driven back for the moment into the air-chamber before mentioned.

rlhe fly-wheel of this engine may be made to turn in either direction. It will only be necessary to turn the wheel manually for half a turn in the direction desired, and it will then continue to rotate in that direction.

The engine shown in Figs. 6 and 7 is like that shown in Fig. 3, except that instead of the rods fZ f the levers J J and the plungers h2 h3, for shifting the valve-piece H, I employ pistons K K,working in cylinders ZZ Z3, which communicate with the water passages or chambers e e', and are pushed toward the cylinder C by springs m2. These pistonshave `gers h2 l1?, so as to permit. the escapeof water from the passage e e when the auxiliary pistons z' i" are movedinto their cylinders. When the piston D in its movement toward the right strikes the piston K', it will move the latter, and cause an increase of pressure in the water chamber or passage e sufficient to start the induction-valve piece H in its movement toward the seat d.

In all the examples of my invention above described I have shown, with slight differences in form, but one kind of induction and eduction valves; but obviously valves o-f other forms may beruscd,provided they are adapted to operate substantially as herein described.

I have described but one induction-valve piece for each engine; but this valve-piece is always used in connection with two seats,and is praetieall-y two valves, and always opens in an outward direction from the engine cylinder or cylinders. If two separate inductionvalves connected by a beam or lever or by a rod were used, they would operate similarly to the single valve-piece H, and would bethe equivalent thereof.

The combination of the induction valve piece H with the casings containing the seats d d', and each comprising a cylindric portion close to the seat and openings 1 beyond or inward of said cylindric portion, is very desirable, because by the time the valve in moving begins to uncover the openings 1 adjacent to one seat it has nearly covered the openings adjacent to the other seat, and has nearly shut oft' the supply of water through the last-named seat, although it still has a considerable movement before finally seating. By this means I am better enabled to utilize the pressure of water directly from the supply-pipe for completing the movement of the induction-valve piece after its initial movement.

Ido not limit myself to the construction of the valve-seats d d above described, as the same result might be attained by employing valves and valve-seats of other constructions.

The eduction-valves are always connected or lso constructed that the closing of one effects the opening of the other, and they will always open inward relatively to the ends of the cylinder which they control.

By way of recapitulation, and to better explain the principles that govern the changing of the ind notion-valve piece H, I will state that it is changed by the greater pressure in the passage e or e than in the other, and that this greaterpressureisprodueed atthepropertimes in this Wise: The water passing, for example, through the seat d and passage e, acts upon the left-hand side of the piston D, and when it drives this piston so far to the right that the piston F penetrates the cylinder G in Figs. 1

and 2, or that the plunger 11,3 is driven into the chamber e in Fig. 3, or the plunger K into the cylinder Z3 in Fig. 6, the water in the passage e becomes conned and shut off from the right-hand chamber C, and consequently from IOO IIO

communication through it with the exhaust through thevalve E', thatis then open. \Vhcnever the water becomes so confined in thepassage c', it exerts a pressure upon the smaller plunger or piston F, Figs. l and 2, and through it a backward pressure on the piston D, and in effect reduces the area of the pistou for driving purposes by an amount equal to the area of' the piston F. Yhencver this occurs, a momentary slowing of the motion of the pistons in Figs. l and 2 takes place, which causes the pressure on the pipe 1F to suddenly increase, first, by the momentum of the suddenly-cheeked water-column; secondly, bythe reduction in the friction of" water flowing through the said pipe, and, thirdly, by the momentum of the ily-wheel pump, if such a pump is used to force water through the pipe H2. This increase in pressure serves to continue the motion ot the piston, notwithstand ing the reduction in effective area, until the valve-piece H is driven over onto the seat d by the water confined in the passage c.

In Figs. l and 2 the increased pressure in the passage cf is produced, first, by the entrance of" thc auxiliary piston F into the cyl indcr G, and as soon as the valve-piece H is moved sufficiently to restrict the flow through the scat d and slightly open the scat d the momentum of the water in the pipe H2, due to its flow through the seat d being restricted, will increasethe pressure in the passage c sufficient-ly to complete the movement of the valvepiece H, and close the valve E and open the valve E.

In Fig. 3 the movement of the plunger h'"A into the passage c will produce an increase of' pressure therein, and after the valve piece H is moved to restrict the ilow ol water through the Seat d the momentum of the water in the pipe H2 will still further increase the pressure in the passage c,and close the valve-piece upon the seat d.

Practical experience with one of these engines has shown that water obtained under pressure directly from city mains will serve to drive and reverse the engine without the aid of a fly-wheel pump. l

In Fig. t, when the piston D passes the opening 7a3 and confines the water in the passage c, the full area ot' the piston is exposed to the backward pressure in that passage, and coliseqnently any increase of' pressure in the pipe H2 acts equally on both sides of'the piston, and does not serve to in'ove it farther against the confined water in thc passage c' to open the valvepieee H. 'lhcref'orea fly-wheel attached tothe engine so that its momentum acts directly upon the piston l.) through its rod D, as already described, is necessary to continue the motion ofthe piston sufficiently to change the valve-piece lfl and reverse the stroke.

In all the engines it is essential that at the termination of any stroke the passage e or c shall be shut off from communication with thc exhaust end of the enginecylinder, so that the water may be confined in that passage until the valvevpiece l-I has been changed to the other seat, and the combination of" these passages with the induction and eduction valves and auxiliary pistons arranged to operate as above described, I consider to be the important features of my invention.

It will be observed that in all examples of l. l`hecombination, with the main cylinder.`

and piston of' a double-acting hydraulic en' gine and induction-valves therefor, of eductionvalves independent of the inductionvalves, clcsingin the same direction in which water is to pass through them and connected together, as described, whereby the `closing of one eff'ccts the opening of the other, passages through which water passes from the inductionfvalvcs to the main cylinder, and auxiliary pistons connected with the eductionvalves and operative by the pressure of water in said passages to shift the ednction-valves, substantially herein described.

2. The combination, with the main cylinder and piston of a double-acting hydraulic engine and induction-valves closing in the same direction in which water is to pass through them, and connected together, as described, whereby the opening of' one insures the closing of the other, of' passages through which water passes from the said induction-valves to the main cylinder, the induction-valves when closed being acted upon by the pressure of water in said passages, eduction-valves independent ofl the induction-valves, closing in the same direction in which water is to pass through them, and connected together, as described, whereby the closing of one efi'ects the opening ofthe other, and auxiliary pistons connected with the eduction-valves and 0perative by the pressure of water in said passages to shif't said valves, substantially as herein described.

CHA S. COOPER.

VitnesSQS:

(,fnANnLna HALL, Fauna. lIAYNns.

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