US3432246A - Electrical flame ignition and supervising apparatus - Google Patents

Electrical flame ignition and supervising apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3432246A
US3432246A US620038A US3432246DA US3432246A US 3432246 A US3432246 A US 3432246A US 620038 A US620038 A US 620038A US 3432246D A US3432246D A US 3432246DA US 3432246 A US3432246 A US 3432246A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
ignition
relay
circuit
flame
burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US620038A
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English (en)
Inventor
Knud Julius Hallgreen
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Danfoss AS
Original Assignee
Danfoss AS
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Publication date
Application filed by Danfoss AS filed Critical Danfoss AS
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Publication of US3432246A publication Critical patent/US3432246A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/14—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors
    • F23N5/146—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/06—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/38—Electrical resistance ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00—Fuels
    • F23N2239/04—Gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00—Fuels
    • F23N2239/06—Liquid fuels

Definitions

  • the burner is disposed to monitor the flame and the control and supervisory circuitry controls an electromagnetically actuated valve controlling application of the fuel to the burner upon energization of the element and discontinuing supply of fuel to the burner when the element is deenergized in response to the absence of a flame.
  • This invention relates generally to gas or oil fired burner ignition and control and more particularly to electrical flame ignition and supervisory apparatus.
  • Combined ignition and flame supervising apparatus are known. These known devices make use of a high voltage ignition spark path which comprises an ion rectifier which carries out flame ignition and supervision and monitoring after ignition.
  • the known apparatus are relatively costly because of the necessity of using a high voltage transformer in the circuitry.
  • these known apparatus have a limitation in that an AC power source must be available.
  • the ignition ele-. ments are rather sensitive to contamination and fouling.
  • the present invention has a principal object provision of a flame ignition and supervisory apparatus for igniting a flame at a burner and monitoring the fuel supply thereto by monitoring the flame.
  • Another object is to provide apparatus which is less expensive and more troublefree and is capable of operating with alternating or direct current.
  • a feature of the invention is the provision of an electrical ignition element rendered incandescent for igniting a fuel at a burner and comprising a material with a negative temperature coefiicient of electrical resistance.
  • the ignition element is maintained in circuit with ignition circuitry and supervisory or control circuitry continuing the monitoring of a flame after ignition and turning off supply of fuel upon the absence of a flame.
  • the incandescent ignition element conducts an electrical current corresponding to its cold resistance when energized under control of a main switch, for example a boiler thermostat, and upon energization its resistance decreases so that within a short time current flow therethrough renders the material incandescent. So long as the ignited flame burns, a large current flows in the supervisory circuit or monitoring circuitry to which the ignition element is connected upon ignition of the fuel. Should the flame become extinguished, a current drop takes place in the supervisory circuitry due to an increase in resistance of the super- 3,432,246 Patented Mar. 11, 1969 visory ignition element and supply of fuel is cut off to the burner.
  • Another feature of the invention is the provision of ignition or firing circuitry for initially energizing the ignition element and controlling supply of fuel to a burner and subsequently automatically changing over to supervisory control circuitry application of current at a reduced value so long as a flame obtains at the burner.
  • a relay is connected in the circuitry, maintaining fuel supply to the burner while energized with the reduced value of current corresponding to a holding current.
  • the firing and supervisory circuitry comprises a safety trip for deenergizing the ignition element after a predetermined number of ignition attempts at igniting a fuel fail.
  • the safety trip comprises elements to protect a fuel supply motor against overcurrent or short circuiting.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of ignition and supervisory apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • a motor driven pump 1 provides fuel, for example oil from a fuel supply source, not shown, through a discharge line 2 to an electromagnetically controlled valve 3 connected to a burner or nozzle 4 illustrated diagrammatically.
  • the fuel is ignited at the burner which burns as a flame 5.
  • Ignition of the fuel is carried out by an ignition and resistanc element 6 made for example in the form of a U-shaped thin rod of silicon carbide granules bonded by silicon oxy-nitride. This material is supplied, for example by Norton International Inc. under the trade name Chrystolon 63 Silicon Carbide and distributed as a refractory lining material for furnaces.
  • the ignition or resistance element 6 is connected across terminals 7, 8 of a 220 V. AC. main network through a first circuit comprising a main switch, for example a boiler thermostat switch 9, a movable contact 10 of a safety trip 11 and a rectifier 12 connected in series with an operating coil 13 of a relay 14 having a capacitor 15 in parallel with the operating coil 13 and in series with a movable contact 16 of the relay 14.
  • a main switch for example a boiler thermostat switch 9
  • a movable contact 10 of a safety trip 11 and a rectifier 12 connected in series with an operating coil 13 of a relay 14 having a capacitor 15 in parallel with the operating coil 13 and in series with a movable contact 16 of the relay 14.
  • This first described circuitry coustitutes an ignition circuit for electrically energizing the ignition element 6 to ignite the flame 5 as hereinafter described.
  • a second or supervisory circuit is connected to the ignition element 6 and includes the elements of the first described circuit and a shunt 17 having a variable resistor 18 connected across movable contact 16 of the relay 14.
  • a third supervisory circuit branch comprises a directaction heater 19 in the safety trip 11 in series with a variable resistor 20 and a second movable contact 21 of the relay 14.
  • This last described circuit is connected to the element 6 through the relay contact 21 in series with the contact 10 of the safety trip 11 so that when the first described circuitry is energized, the relay 14 is actuated and the contact 16 opens the first circuit so current flow is through the shunt while the contact 21 closes a third set of stationary contacts closing a fourth branch circuit to the ignition element 6 through an operating coil 22 for operating the electromagnetic valve 3 and in series with an indirect-action resistor heater 23.
  • the circuit of coil 22 is closed so it is energized and the electromagnetic valve 3 is operated from a closed position to an open position so that fuel is delivered to the nozzle or burner 4 by the motor driven pump 1 which is continuously energized through the indirect action resistor heater 23 and is always in circuit with ignition and supervisory element 6 once the main switch 9 is closed.
  • the valve 3 opens the ignition element is incandescent. If the fuel fails to ignite properly, the flame is extinguished and the ignition element 6 cools down to a temperature at which its inner resistance becomes sufficiently large that the current flow therethrough falls below the holding current level for relay 14 and the relay 14 drops out. When the relay drops out, the ignition circuit or first circuit is again closed and a second attempt at ignition in the above described manner takes place.
  • the heater 19 which may consist of a heating wire directly wound on a bimetal strip, generates a predetermined amount of heat and stores it, consequently the temperature and heat content thereof rise until finally the heater will open the movable contact and trip the safety trip 11.
  • the resistor is variable and is used to set the value at which the heater 19 will trip the relay and therefore the number of ignition attempts that the ignition circuitry can attempt.
  • the second heater 23 will radiate suflicient heat to actuate the heater 19 and cause it to trip the safety trip 11 thus protecting the motor and the valve coil 22 against short circuits and the like.
  • variable resistor 18 enables the holding current of relay 14 to be set at a desired value and allows adapting the characteristic parameters of the ignition element 6 to the parameters of the relay 14.
  • FIG. 2 A second embodiment of apparatus in accordance with the invention is illustrated in FIG. 2 in which the elements corresponding to the apparatus in FIG. 1 have similar reference numerals.
  • the circuitry is connected substantially the same except that the electromagnetic valve 3 is replaced by an electromagnetic valve 24 operated by an operating coil 25 constituting the operating coil of a relay 26 replacing the relay 14 of the first embodiment.
  • the relay is provided with movable contacts 27, 28 which are normally closed in a manner of the contacts 16, 21 of the relay 14.
  • the circuitry functions in the manner of the first embodiment except that instead of a delay taking place in the opening of the fuel valve 24 as in the other valve 3 the valve 24 is immediately actuated to an open position when the operating coil 25 is electrically energized and operates the contacts 27, 28 to their open position in which current flow to the ignition element 6 is through the shunt 17.
  • ignition is effected by the ignition element 6 being heated to its incandescent state by current flow through the coil 25 and the shunt 17.
  • current flow through the element 6 is reduced by means of the resistor 18 in the shunt 17 to a value corresponding to the holding current for holding the relay 26.
  • the safety trip 11 in this embodiment will likewise be triggered when several ignition attempts fail: to produce a flame or in the event that the motor runs with an overcurrent therein.
  • the fuel source need not comprise a motor driven pump 1 but may be, for example, a remote supply of fuel under pressure, for example a pressure gas fuel source for a gas fired burner.
  • the coil 22 of the electromagnetic valve may be connected without protection by the safety device or trip 11.
  • the relays for cutting off ignition current may be provided with selfholding contacts, not shown, whose current does not pass through the ignition element 6 and may also remain permanently disconnected until reset manually.
  • first circuit, second circuit and third circuit etc. are terms used for ease of description and are not indicative of the number of necessary circuits for carrying out the principles of the invention.
  • Flame ignition and supervisory apparatus for use in conjunction with a burner and a source of fuel to said burner comprising, an electrically energized ignition and supervisory resistance element for igniting fuel delivered from said burner and monitoring the presence and absence of a flame at said burner, said element having a negative temperature coefiicient of electrical resistance, circuit means comprising an ignition circuit connectable to said element energizing said element to heat it to a temperature igniting said fuel from said burner and a supervisory circuit comprising a part of said energizing circuit connect-able to said element to continue said element electrically energized during presence of said flame, said element being disposed to sense the pressure and absence of said flame, a current-responsive relay having contacts common to said ignition circuit and said supervisory circuit in series with said element for alternatively connecting said element to said ignition circuit and said supervisory circuit, an electromagnetic valve having a coil connected in said circuit means in series with said element through said contacts connected to be energized by said ignition circuit to open said valve

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
US620038A 1966-03-05 1967-03-02 Electrical flame ignition and supervising apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3432246A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED0049515 1966-03-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3432246A true US3432246A (en) 1969-03-11

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ID=7051946

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US620038A Expired - Lifetime US3432246A (en) 1966-03-05 1967-03-02 Electrical flame ignition and supervising apparatus

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3432246A (ja)
BE (1) BE694301A (ja)
CH (1) CH456825A (ja)
DE (1) DE1526214B1 (ja)
DK (1) DK113665B (ja)
FR (1) FR1513049A (ja)
GB (1) GB1129059A (ja)
NL (1) NL6702369A (ja)
NO (1) NO115408B (ja)
SE (1) SE328660B (ja)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0007424A1 (de) * 1978-06-28 1980-02-06 Smit Ovens Nijmegen B.V. Brenneranordnung zur Verbrennung flüssiger Brennstoffe
US4298335A (en) * 1979-08-27 1981-11-03 Walter Kidde And Company, Inc. Fuel burner control apparatus
EP0622589A1 (en) * 1993-04-30 1994-11-02 Honeywell B.V. Burner control system
US20130081581A1 (en) * 2006-05-31 2013-04-04 Richard D. Cook Burner control

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4432722A (en) * 1981-07-13 1984-02-21 Honeywell Inc. Interrupted power hot wire gas ignition control system

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1745178A (en) * 1926-12-06 1930-01-28 Ira E Mccabe Liquid-fuel-burner control
US2068425A (en) * 1932-07-13 1937-01-19 Ira E Mccabe Fluid fuel burner mechanism
US2159658A (en) * 1936-12-09 1939-05-23 William D Hall Control system
US2887152A (en) * 1956-07-25 1959-05-19 Penn Controls Oil burner control
US3209809A (en) * 1961-09-11 1965-10-05 Danfoss Ved Ing M Clausen Burner installation controlled by a flame detector
US3282324A (en) * 1965-10-11 1966-11-01 Ram Domestic Products Company Automatic fuel ignition and heat detection system

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1148344B (de) * 1959-01-07 1963-05-09 Schwank Gasgeraete G M B H Kombinierte, elektrische Zuend- und Sicherheitseinrichtung
FR1380198A (fr) * 1964-01-21 1964-11-27 Hans Maile Fabrik Fuer Gasbren Dispositif pour contrôler la flamme des brûleurs à gaz

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1745178A (en) * 1926-12-06 1930-01-28 Ira E Mccabe Liquid-fuel-burner control
US2068425A (en) * 1932-07-13 1937-01-19 Ira E Mccabe Fluid fuel burner mechanism
US2159658A (en) * 1936-12-09 1939-05-23 William D Hall Control system
US2887152A (en) * 1956-07-25 1959-05-19 Penn Controls Oil burner control
US3209809A (en) * 1961-09-11 1965-10-05 Danfoss Ved Ing M Clausen Burner installation controlled by a flame detector
US3282324A (en) * 1965-10-11 1966-11-01 Ram Domestic Products Company Automatic fuel ignition and heat detection system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0007424A1 (de) * 1978-06-28 1980-02-06 Smit Ovens Nijmegen B.V. Brenneranordnung zur Verbrennung flüssiger Brennstoffe
US4298335A (en) * 1979-08-27 1981-11-03 Walter Kidde And Company, Inc. Fuel burner control apparatus
EP0622589A1 (en) * 1993-04-30 1994-11-02 Honeywell B.V. Burner control system
AU688752B2 (en) * 1993-04-30 1998-03-19 Honeywell Inc. Burner control system with continuous check of hot surface ignitor during run cycle
US20130081581A1 (en) * 2006-05-31 2013-04-04 Richard D. Cook Burner control
US8956152B2 (en) * 2006-05-31 2015-02-17 Beckett Gas, Inc. Burner control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6702369A (ja) 1967-09-06
NO115408B (ja) 1968-09-30
DK113665B (da) 1969-04-14
BE694301A (ja) 1967-07-31
FR1513049A (fr) 1968-02-09
SE328660B (ja) 1970-09-21
GB1129059A (en) 1968-10-02
DE1526214B1 (de) 1970-05-27
CH456825A (de) 1968-05-31

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