US3431927A - Method for increasing the permissible flow velocity of a liquid flowing on a metal surface - Google Patents

Method for increasing the permissible flow velocity of a liquid flowing on a metal surface Download PDF

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Publication number
US3431927A
US3431927A US514671A US51467165A US3431927A US 3431927 A US3431927 A US 3431927A US 514671 A US514671 A US 514671A US 51467165 A US51467165 A US 51467165A US 3431927 A US3431927 A US 3431927A
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Prior art keywords
hydrogen gas
flow velocity
water
increasing
metal surface
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US514671A
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Malte Kurt Einar Mattsson
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Svenska Metallverken AB
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Svenska Metallverken AB
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B5/00—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/18—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using inorganic inhibitors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F15/00—Other methods of preventing corrosion or incrustation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/16—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/34—Hydrogen distribution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method for increasing the permissible flow velocity of a liquid impinging upon a metal surface of copper, aluminum or alloys thereof, by adding a solubilized hydrogen gas to the liquid at a hydrogen gas partial pressure of 0.1- atmospheres.
  • the maximum permitted flow velocity of an aqueous solution impinging upon a metallic surface can be appreciably increased by adding solubilized hydrogen gas to the solution flowing over said surface.
  • the corrosion processes are counteracted or rendered impossible and the flow velocity can be increased to a value where a purely mechanical erosion process occurs.
  • This limit is considerably higher than the limit for erosion corrosion (impingement attack). In the case of copper, for example, it is as high as approximately 8 m./s.
  • Example 1 A heat exchanger having aluminum brass tubes is used with sea water as a cooling medium. At the intake the water is allowed to pass a device where hydrogen gas is dissolved in said water. The hydrogen gas is introduced into the water through a fine mesh-gas distribution filter. The amouutof hydrogen gas injected corresponds to approximately l. (NTP) per m. water. Of this amount only approximately of the gas is dissolved in the water. The remainder of the gas is collected and separated together with the oxygen which the hydrogen gas absorbs in its passage through the water. The gaseous mixture is passed over a platinum catalyst at a somewhat elevated temperature. A chemical combination between the oxygen and corresponding amount of hydrogen occurs during the formation of water; the remaining amount of hydrogen gas is re-used in the treating process.
  • NTP l.
  • the amount of hydrogen gas consumed can be kept within 30 l. (NTP) per m. water.
  • NTP 30 l.
  • the cooling Water thus treated with hydrogen gas is allowed to flow through the heat exchanger in the usual manner. Due to the hydrogen gas treatment, however, the flow velocity can be maintained as high as 6 m./s. against approximately 3 m./s. at normal operations where no gas has been added to the solution. Doubling the flow velocity means that the amount of heat transferred (or-value) is also practically doubled, and that the capacity of the heat exchanger is also increased approximately two-fold.
  • Example 2 The electrical lines in an electrical apparatus are hollow and cooled by through flowing water which in order to restrict the electrolytic decomposition of the water in the electric field of the apparatus, must be deionized.
  • the cooling water moves in a closed circuit in which is included a heat exchanger situated outside said electrical apparatus.
  • the water is cooled in the heat exchanger.
  • hydrogen gas is injected through a gas distributing filter so that fine gas bubbles come into contact with the water.
  • a gas trap prevents the excess of injected hydrogen gas from escaping.
  • the gas trap is so constructed that the bubbles of hydrogen gas in water attain a pressure which exceeds 1 atm. only by an insignificant amount.
  • the accompanying hydrogen gas bubbles Prior to the entry of the water in the electrical apparatus the accompanying hydrogen gas bubbles are separated by allowing the water to pass a vertically positioned cylindrical container with a degassing valve situated at the upper end surface. Due to the addition of hydrogen gas the plant can be operated with a flow velocity of water as high as approximately 4 m./s. Without the addition of hydrogen gas it would only have been possible to work with the maximum velocity, conventionally described, namely 1.5 m./s.
  • a method comprising increasing the permissible flow velocity of Water or an aqueous solution impinging on metallic surfaces of copper, aluminum or their alloys, without producing erosion corrosion, by the addition of solubilized hydrogen gas to the liquid at a hydrogen gas partial pressure of 0.1-l0 atm.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)

Description

United States Patent Ofice METHOD FOR INCREASING THE PERMISSIBLE FLOW VELOCITY OF A LIQUID FLOWING ON A METAL SURFACE Malte Kurt Einar Mattsson, Vasteras, Sweden, assignor to Aktiebolaget Svenska Metallverken, Vasteras, Sweden, a Swedish joint stock-company limited No Drawing. Filed Dec. 17, 1965, Ser. No. 514,671 Claims priority, application Sweden, Dec. 22, 1964,
, 15,555/64 US. Cl. 137-1 Int. Cl. F15d 1/06; C23f 11/08 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method for increasing the permissible flow velocity of a liquid impinging upon a metal surface of copper, aluminum or alloys thereof, by adding a solubilized hydrogen gas to the liquid at a hydrogen gas partial pressure of 0.1- atmospheres.
Copper 1.5 Admiralty brass 2-2.5 Aluminum brass 3-3.5 Copper nickel, 90/10 3.5 Copper nickel, 70/30 4.5
The maximum permitted flow velocity imposes a limit on the capacity of the arrangement, which limit is in many cases of great technical and economic significance. This is so in heat exchangers, for example, where with respect to manufacturing costs, capacity and required space a high flow rate is desirable.
Another example is in the electromechanical fields. In certain electrical machines, cooling of the electrical copper lines is effected by passing deionized water through the lines. In this instance, the maximum permitted flow velocity for copper, 1.5 m./s., is such a serious restriction that it has retarded the technical developments in this field.
According to the present invention the maximum permitted flow velocity of an aqueous solution impinging upon a metallic surface can be appreciably increased by adding solubilized hydrogen gas to the solution flowing over said surface. As a consequence, the corrosion processes are counteracted or rendered impossible and the flow velocity can be increased to a value where a purely mechanical erosion process occurs. This limit is considerably higher than the limit for erosion corrosion (impingement attack). In the case of copper, for example, it is as high as approximately 8 m./s.
Even a very low content of hydrogen gas in the water, corresponding to a hydrogen-gas partial pressure of 10" atm. is sufficient to produce a favorable effect. The upper limit for the hydrogen gas content is determined by the ability of the mechanical structure to resist pressure. From the point of view of corrosion, the higher the content of hydrogen gas the better the effect. For example a hydrogen-gas partial pressure of 10 atm. would be possible if the apparatus can be built to withstand this pressure. The general range of preferred operation is at hydro-gen 3,431,927 Patented Mar. 11, 1969 temperature range in which the water retains its liquid form.
Example 1 A heat exchanger having aluminum brass tubes is used with sea water as a cooling medium. At the intake the water is allowed to pass a device where hydrogen gas is dissolved in said water. The hydrogen gas is introduced into the water through a fine mesh-gas distribution filter. The amouutof hydrogen gas injected corresponds to approximately l. (NTP) per m. water. Of this amount only approximately of the gas is dissolved in the water. The remainder of the gas is collected and separated together with the oxygen which the hydrogen gas absorbs in its passage through the water. The gaseous mixture is passed over a platinum catalyst at a somewhat elevated temperature. A chemical combination between the oxygen and corresponding amount of hydrogen occurs during the formation of water; the remaining amount of hydrogen gas is re-used in the treating process. Due to the fact that the hydrogen gas is recirculated, the amount of hydrogen gas consumed can be kept within 30 l. (NTP) per m. water. The cooling Water thus treated with hydrogen gas is allowed to flow through the heat exchanger in the usual manner. Due to the hydrogen gas treatment, however, the flow velocity can be maintained as high as 6 m./s. against approximately 3 m./s. at normal operations where no gas has been added to the solution. Doubling the flow velocity means that the amount of heat transferred (or-value) is also practically doubled, and that the capacity of the heat exchanger is also increased approximately two-fold.
Example 2 The electrical lines in an electrical apparatus are hollow and cooled by through flowing water which in order to restrict the electrolytic decomposition of the water in the electric field of the apparatus, must be deionized. The cooling water moves in a closed circuit in which is included a heat exchanger situated outside said electrical apparatus. The water is cooled in the heat exchanger. In connection therewith, hydrogen gas is injected through a gas distributing filter so that fine gas bubbles come into contact with the water. A gas trap prevents the excess of injected hydrogen gas from escaping. The gas trap is so constructed that the bubbles of hydrogen gas in water attain a pressure which exceeds 1 atm. only by an insignificant amount. Prior to the entry of the water in the electrical apparatus the accompanying hydrogen gas bubbles are separated by allowing the water to pass a vertically positioned cylindrical container with a degassing valve situated at the upper end surface. Due to the addition of hydrogen gas the plant can be operated with a flow velocity of water as high as approximately 4 m./s. Without the addition of hydrogen gas it would only have been possible to work with the maximum velocity, conventionally described, namely 1.5 m./s.
What is claimed is:
1. A method comprising increasing the permissible flow velocity of Water or an aqueous solution impinging on metallic surfaces of copper, aluminum or their alloys, without producing erosion corrosion, by the addition of solubilized hydrogen gas to the liquid at a hydrogen gas partial pressure of 0.1-l0 atm.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrogen gas partial pressure is about 1 atm.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metallic surfaces are included in a closed circuit.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metallic surfaces are cooling surfaces in an electrical apparatus.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the oxygen in the liquid is released by reaction with the hydrogen gas in the presence of a platinum catalyst.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrogen is added to the liquid in the ratio of 100 l. per m.
4 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,949,631 3/1934 Russell 20847 5 2,938,851 5/1960 Stedman 20847 3,136,325 6/1964 Mattix 1373 FOREIGN PATENTS 753,611 7/ 1956 Great Britain.
ALAN COHAN, Primary Examiner.
US514671A 1964-12-22 1965-12-17 Method for increasing the permissible flow velocity of a liquid flowing on a metal surface Expired - Lifetime US3431927A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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SE15555/64A SE300994B (en) 1964-12-22 1964-12-22

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US (1) US3431927A (en)
CH (1) CH453032A (en)
DE (1) DE1521671A1 (en)
DK (1) DK120674B (en)
FR (1) FR1461130A (en)
GB (1) GB1065030A (en)
NO (1) NO116915B (en)
SE (1) SE300994B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010120240A1 (en) * 2009-04-16 2010-10-21 Peter Szakalos Scaling, deposition and general copper corrosion elimination in closed cooling water systems

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5135709A (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-08-04 General Electric Company Method for reducing corrosion of components exposed to high-temperature water
US5164152A (en) * 1991-08-02 1992-11-17 General Electric Company Method for reducing flow assisted corrosion of carbon steel components
RU2100480C1 (en) * 1996-03-18 1997-12-27 Государственный научный центр РФ - Физико-энергетический институт Method of maintaining corrosion resistance of steel flow circuit with lead-containing heat carrier
EP3339791A1 (en) 2016-12-23 2018-06-27 KELVION Sp. z o.o. Lightweight exchangers for heat recovery: a gas-gas recuperator and a gas-fluid economizer, and a method of protection particularly an exchanger casing
EP3339466A1 (en) 2016-12-23 2018-06-27 KELVION Sp. z o.o. Method of production innovative heat exchangers working in extreme conditions

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1949631A (en) * 1930-07-26 1934-03-06 Standard Ig Co Method for conducting high temperature hydrogenation processes
GB753611A (en) * 1953-02-17 1956-07-25 Bataafsche Petroleum A process for the reduction of hydrogen damage to ferruginous metals
US2938851A (en) * 1956-02-10 1960-05-31 Universal Oil Prod Co Preventing corrosion of plant equipment
US3136325A (en) * 1962-05-24 1964-06-09 Cities Service Oil Co Controlled addition of gas to liquid

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1949631A (en) * 1930-07-26 1934-03-06 Standard Ig Co Method for conducting high temperature hydrogenation processes
GB753611A (en) * 1953-02-17 1956-07-25 Bataafsche Petroleum A process for the reduction of hydrogen damage to ferruginous metals
US2938851A (en) * 1956-02-10 1960-05-31 Universal Oil Prod Co Preventing corrosion of plant equipment
US3136325A (en) * 1962-05-24 1964-06-09 Cities Service Oil Co Controlled addition of gas to liquid

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010120240A1 (en) * 2009-04-16 2010-10-21 Peter Szakalos Scaling, deposition and general copper corrosion elimination in closed cooling water systems
EP2429956A1 (en) * 2009-04-16 2012-03-21 Swedish Metallurgy and Mining AB Scaling, deposition and general copper corrosion elimination in closed cooling water systems
EP2429956A4 (en) * 2009-04-16 2012-09-12 Swedish Metallurg And Mining Ab Scaling, deposition and general copper corrosion elimination in closed cooling water systems

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NO116915B (en) 1969-06-09
FR1461130A (en) 1966-12-02
GB1065030A (en) 1967-04-12
DE1521671A1 (en) 1969-09-25
DK120674B (en) 1971-06-28
SE300994B (en) 1968-05-20
CH453032A (en) 1968-05-31

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