US3430582A

US3430582A - Railway supporting box beam building construction

Info

Publication number: US3430582A
Application number: US659978A
Authority: US
Inventors: Weldon F Appelt; William H Mason
Original assignee: WILLIAM H MASON
Current assignee: WILLIAM H MASON
Priority date: 1967-08-11
Filing date: 1967-08-11
Publication date: 1969-03-04
Anticipated expiration: 1986-03-04

Description

Marcia '4, 1969 w. F. APPELT ET AL 3,430,592

RAILWAY SUPPORTING BOX BEAM BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 11, 1967 Sheet 2 of s INVE R3 WELDONF. WlLLlAM H. 0N

w ,W, M,;

FIG. 4

ATTORNEY- March 4, 1969 w. F. APPELT ET AL 3,430,582

RAILWAY SUPPORTING BOX BEAM BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 11, 1967 Sheet 3 or a FIG. 6 FIG. 7

so I I 64 62 Ib IVENTORS. HQ 8 28 311 662; H QLEBL ATTORNEYS March 4, 1969 w. F. APPELT ET Al- 3,430,

RAILWAY SUPPORTING BOX BEAM BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 11, 1967 Sheet 4 of's.

FIG. 9 v FIG. [0'

WELDON F APPELT HG. H g WILLIAM H MASON mvEmoRs March 4, 1969 w, APPELT ET Al. 3,430,582

RAILWAY SUPPORTING BOX BEAM BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 11, 1967 Sheet 5 of 5 HG. l2 FIG. I?)

INVENTORS. WELDON E APPELT WILLIAM H. MASON United States Patent 0 8 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A building construction having a craneway wherein the support columns and the craneway beams are all of the hollow box beam type construction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the prior art construction of industrial buildings of the type having craneways therein it was usually necessary to place the vertical column supports for the craneway inside the vertical column supports for the building per se. Thus in elfect. it was necessary to place a building structure within a building structure, thereby substantially reducing the amount of floor space available for useful operational purposes. In some buildings of this type brackets were mounted on the vertical support columns for the building per se for supporting a craneway beam or girder, but in these instances the capacity of the particular crane which could operate on such a crane-way was extremely limited, since a cantilever type bracket extending outwardly from the side of a building support column could support only a very small load. Even in those structures which utilized the building within a building type construction for the craneway, the load capacity of the crane was severely restricted due to the fact that conventional I beam type columns and girders were employed. The use of the conventional I beam not only limited the capacity of the crane, but also increased the cost of the erection and the cost of maintenance due to the complex assembly operations and the extensive painting which was necessary to preserve such a structure from corrosion.

In accordance with the principles of the present invention a hollow box beam type construction is utilized for the support columns as well as for the craneway girders which extend across the tops of the support columns. The support columns of the present invention serve the double purpose of being support columns for the crane as Well as support columns for the building structure per se. Since the craneway girders rest on the top of the support columns and the crane in turn travels on the upper surface of the craneway girders the entire weight of the crane and its load is supported directly over the support columns enabling a much higher capacity, such as on the order of 250 to 400 tons.

The box construction of the support columns and the craneway girders substantially reduces the assembly time of a building since most of the parts may be prefabricated at a suitable plant and may then be shipped to the building site and erected within a minimum of time and labor. The use of the box type construction also enables a more equitable load distribution enabling the support columns to be spaced considerably further apart than in a conventional craneway structure. This greater spacing of the support columns as well as the external appearance of the box type construction not only provides a craneway structure having a much greater capacity, but also provides a structure which is aesthetically pleasing.

The box type columns and the box type craneway girders of the present invention are completely hermetically sealed thereby substantially reducing the surface area 3,430,582 Patented Mar. 4, 1969 which must be painted, thereby substantially reducing the cost of erection and maintenance.

The box beam type building construction of the present invention is readily adaptable for expansion so that a building may be extended from one bay to a plurality of bays with a minimum amount of effort and expense. The box type construction for the support columns is provided with a double taper which is more readily adaptable to absorb the lateral stresses and strains which commonly occur in a building of this type, not only from the inertia generated by the movement of the crane and its load, but also caused by external forces such as high winds and the like.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a building construction of the type having at least one elongated bay adapted to have a traveling crane movably mounted thereon for movement along the length of said bay comprising a plurality of spaced, hollow, box type vertical support columns disposed in a first line along one side of said longitudinal bay, a plurality of spaced, hollow, box type vertical support columns disposed in a second line parallel to said first line along the opposite side of said bay wherein said columns in said second line taper from a wide base portion to a narrow upper portion as viewed along the length of said bay and taper from a narrow base portion to a wide upper portion as viewed along a line transversely of said bay and a plurality of hollow box beam girders extending the length of said bay supported on the top of each line of vertical support columns to provide a pair of parallel support surfaces for a traveling crane beam and the roof bents of said building.

Other features of the invention will be pointed out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principles of the invention and the best mode which has been contemplated of applying those principles.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 is a partial perspective view of a double bay building according to the present construction with the roof bents shown in phantom lines,

FIGURE 2 is a side elevational view in section of the footings for each of the columns of the center row of columns along line 2-2 of FIG. 1,

FIGURE 3 is a side elevational view in section of the footings for an outside column along line 3-3 of FIG. 1,

FIGURE 4 is a partial side elevational view of the side wall framing as applied to the vertical exterior support columns,

FIGURE 5 is a sectional view along the line 55 of FIGURE 4,

FIGURE 6 is a partial side elevational view of a double taper support column and the craneway girder supported thereby with the interior reinforcing structure shown in phantom lines along line 66 of FIG. 1,

FIGURE 7 is a sectional view taken along the line 77 of FIGURE 6,

FIGURE 8 is a sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of FIGURE 6,

FIGURE 9 is a partial side elevational view of an outside support column and craneway beams supported thereby with the internal reinforcing structure thereof shown in phantom lines along line 99 of FIG. 1,

FIGURE 10 is a sectional view along the line 1010 of FIGURE 9,

FIGURE 11 is a sectional view along the line 11-11 of FIGURE 9,

FIGURE 12 is a partial side elevational view of a double taper support column having a craneway girder supported on the top thereof and a second craneway girder supported on the side of said column, and

FIGURE 13 is a sectional view taken the line 1313 in FIGURE 12.

Turning now to the drawings, FIGURE 1 shows an industrial type building of the type having three parallel rows of vertical support columns which define therebetween a pair of working bays. An overhead traveling crane may operate on the length of each of said bays to aid in transporting supplies to the assembly site and to assist in transporting the finished product from the building. Two parallel rows of outside support columns and a single row of center support columns 22 parallel to the outer rows of support columns are provided to support the superstructure of the building and to provide support for the overhead traveling cranes (not shown). The outside support columns 20 are provided with only a single taper, that is the surfaces 24 of the vertical outside columns 20 which extend in the direction of the line of columns are provided with a taper which is symmetrical about the center line of the column and which increases from the base of the column to the upper portion of the column. The side of the column 20 opposite the tapered side 24 is disposed parallel to the side 24 thus the width of the side 26 is constant along the entire height of the column. The columns 20 carry a craneway girder 21 on the upper ends thereof.

The center row support columns 22 are each provided with a double taper construction to give the center craneway girder, which acts as a common support for the cranes operated in both bays of the building, the necessary longitudinal and lateral stability. The surface 28 of a center column 22 lies in a plane which extends substantially transversely of the building and tapers from a wide portion at the base to a narrow portion at the top of the support column to give the column greater lateral stability. The surface 30 of the column 22, which lies in a plane which extends substantially the length of the building, tapers upwardly and outwardly from a narrow base portion to a wide upper portion underlying the craneway girder 23. The greater width of the side 30 immediately under the craneway girder helps to distribute the weight of the craneway girder and the cranes traveling thereon more effectively to the longitudinally spaced columns. The greater width of the side 30 adjacent the top also aids in distributing the weight of the roof bents 31 and the roofing material secured thereon. In prior art constructions it was always necessary to provide a support column for each roof bent so that the weight of each roof bent would be supported directly over a column. However, with the present construction, it is only necessary to provide a support column for every other roof bent. The top of each column 22 may be provided with haunches 32 to aid in the distribution of the weight of the craneway girder and everything supported by it. Similar haunches 34 may be provided on the outer support columns 20 for the same reason.

As mentioned previously one of the key features of this type of building construction is the flexibility as to the number of bays which may be built originally or which may be added on in the future. FIGURE 1 shows a building having two bays, but it is entirely possible to construct the building with only a single bay with the provision for adding the second bay at a future date. In construc tion of a building with a single bay with plans for expansion to two bays it would only be necessary to erect one row of columns similar to the columns 20 and a second row of columns similar to the columns 22 as shown in FIGURE 1. Then when it is desired to expand the building to include a second bay it will only be necessary to erect a third row of columns having the single taper construction similar to the columns 20 shown in FIGURE 1. If it was desired to ultimately extend the building to three bays, the original two rows of columns could be constructed with each of the columns having a double taper such as the column 22 in FIGURE 1. Then upon expansion to a three bay construction it would only be necessary to add to outside rows of support columns similar to the columns 20.

When constructing a single bay building which is suitable for expansion or which could always be used as a single bay building, it is only necessary to construct one of the rows of columns with the double taper construction and the other row of columns can be the relatively lighter and less expensive single taper columns. FIGURE 2 shows the footing construction for a double taper column 22 as viewed along the line 22 of FIGURE 1. The column 22 rests on and is directly welded to a steel base plate 36 which is embedded in a concrete slab 38. The slab 38 is supported by two piers 40 and 42 which are provided with enlarged base portions 44 to provide additional vertical support. The outside column 20, as shown in FIGURE 3, may be supported and welded to a steel plate which is embedded in the upper surface of a concrete pier 48 having a widened base portion 50.

Whether the building is a double bay building as shown in FIGURE 1 or a single bay building there will always be a row of relatively heavy double taper columns for supporting the vertical loading and the lateral loading imposed on the building by wind loads as well as kinetic energy and impulse loads caused by movement the crane or any load carried thereby. The relatively lighter single taper columns are utilized as the outside row of columns and serve basically to take the vertical load from the crane and the building weights. By spreading the footing for the heavy double taper column as shown in FIGURE 2 and by having the crane run on top of the craneway beams and towers, any attempt to overturn the tower and crane combination is resisted partially by the dead weight load which acts down through the centerline of the tower and the foundation. The dead weight load is the summation of the tower load, the concrete load, and the middle of the building load. Whatever crane load is imposed upon that total dead weight load gives an added moment of resistance that is advantageous and this moment can be subtracted from the total moment which would normally be required if the footings were relied upon solely for stabilizing the tower or column. The row of lighter columns, which are only provided with a taper in the direction of the length of the building, receive their lateral stability through the interconnected roof bents and the crane bridge.

FIGURE 4 shows a side view of the building with the sideway framing secured thereon. A plurality of double girt panels 52 are arranged in parallel spaced apart relation on the side of the building. The panels 52 may be secured to the support columns 20 by means of welding or any other suitable means. The double girt panels 52 may also be applied to the sides of the roof bents 31 which are supported on the upper surface of the craneway girder 21. A lightweight, side, intermediate column 54 may be disposed intermediate each pair of side columns 20 and may be secured to each of the double girt panels '52 by means of welding or the like. The purpose of the side intermediate columns 54 is solely to provide an added degree of stability to the double girt panels and the columns 54 do not carry any of the weight of the craneway girder 21. Each of the double girt panels 52 is comprised of parallel opposed upper and lower

U-shaped channels

56 and 58 respectively. A plurality of angle irons 60 are welded within the

channels

56 and 58 in a zig zag fashion. The siding of the building such as corrugated iron, plastic or any other suitable material may then be secured to the outer surfaces of the double girt panels 52.

FIGURE 6 is a partial side elevational view of a double taper support column 22 and the craneway girder 23 supported thereby. Each of the supporting columns 22 is provided with a plurality of internal reinforcing webs 62 shown in phantom lines in FIGURE 6. Each of these webs is spaced apart an equal distance and the webs 62 are parallel to each other. FIGURE 8 is a sectional view through the column at FIGURE 6 showing the detailed construction of a web member 62. The web 62 is comprised of four angle irons welded to the interior surface of the column and to each other to form a rectangular structure. A diagonal bracing member, also comprised of an angle iron, is welded within the column to the angle irons 64. The exact configuration of the internal web member 62 may take various other forms and the form shown at FIGURE 8 is merely one possible example.

The sides of the columns 22 are formed from

steel plates

28 and 30 which are welded completely along their edges. The

side plates

28 and 30 are also welded to the base plate 36 and to the underside of the box beam forming the craneway girder 2.3. 'In this manner the entire interior of each column 22 is hermetically sealed thereby eliminating the need for covering the internal surfaces of the column with a protective layer of paint. The haunches 32 are formed from triangular side plates 68 and a rectangular face plate 70 which are welded to each other and to the sides of the column 22 and the bottom of the craneway girder 23. This welding also provides a hermetically sealed enclosure thereby eliminating the need for painting the internal surfaces of the haunches.

The craneway girder 23 is also constructed as a hollow box like structure with the side plates, top plates and bottom plates being welded together along their edges to define a hermtically sealed enclosure. A plurality of reinforcing webs 72 are disposed in parallel spaced relationship within the box beam or craneway girder 23. The configuration of the webbing 72 may be of any desirable configuration and one example of the configuration is shown in FIGURE 7. As viewed in FIGURE 7 it will be noted that the bottom surface of the craneway girder 23 is narrower than the upper surface of the girder. This construction enables the use of a wider upper surface to accommodate two track members 74 without requiring a column having a wider upper portion.

FIGURES 9 through 11 inclusive show various constructional details of the outside support columns 20 similar to the details shown in FIGURES 6 through 8 inclusive with respect to the center double taper support columns 22. The outside columns 20 are also formed by steel plates welded together to define a hollow hermetically sealed box like structure. The craneway girder 21 which extends across the top of the outside support column 20 is usually only required to carry a single track 76 and provide a footing for the roof bents 3-1. Therefore the dimensions of the craneway girder 21 may be relatively smaller than the dimensions of the craneway girder 23 which is required to carry two tracks. Therefore the internal webbing 78 within the craneway girder 21 may be of a more simple configuration as shown in FIGURE 10. Likewise since the support column 20 is not required to carry the large lateral loads as required of the central columns 22 the webbing 80 within the vertical support columns 20 may also be of a more simple configuration as shown in FIGURE 11.

FIGURES 12 and 13 show a modification of the craneway girder and support column therefore. In this modification the support column 82 is provided with a double taper which is slightly different than the double taper found on the support column 22 inasmuch as the side 84 of the column as shown in FIGURE 13 is vertically disposed whereas the side 86 thereto tapers from a wide base toward the vertical side '84 at the top of the column. Also the haunches 88 disposed at the intersection of the column 82 and the craneway girder 90 are comprised of only a single triangular plate. Disposed within the column and aligned with the haunches 88 is a reinforcing w'eb member 92 shown in dotted lines in FIGURE 13. This reinforcing web member 92 extends from the first transverse reinforcing web 94 within the column 82 to the underside of the crane girder '90 and from side to side. The craneway girder 90 in this modification may be of a completely rectangular configuration and the internal webbing 96 may be constructed as shown from welded angle irons. Also in this modification an additional crane- Way girder 98 may be secured to the side of the support columns intermediate the ends thereof for carrying a crane having a relatively low Weight capacity. The craneway girder 98 may be provided with reinforcing webbings 100 which may have a configuration as shown in FIGURE 13 and if necessary the girder 98 may be supported by additional haunches 102 shown in dotted lines. Due to the tapered configuration of the column it is possible to place an "additional craneway girder such as girder 98 on the side of the column without effecting the lateral stability of the column. The center of gravity of the craneway girder 98 is disposed within the area of the base of the column thereby the added weight of the craneway girder and the crane load carried thereby imposes a virtually downward force helping to stabilize the column rather than unbalance the column.

Another feature of the present invention resides in the ease of assembling the hollow box like columns and girders by utilizing the interior web like reinforcing members as templets to assist in locating the steel plates in the proper position for welding to each other. For example in assembling the craneway girder 21 as shown in FIGURES 9 and 10 the relatively wide upper plate member 104 would be laid on a fiat support surface. The web members 78 would be preassembled in the desired form in a suitable jig which would dispose the various members at the proper angles relative to each other. Each individual reinforcing web 78 would then be placed upon the upper surface of the member 104 with the proper spacing between the webs 7'8 and each web should then be welded to the plate 104. The side plate members 106 would then be positioned against the upwardly converging surfaces of the Web member 78 and suitable welds would be made joining the side plates 106 to the web members 78 and to the top plate member 104. The bottom plate member 108 would then be laid on top of the series of reinforcing webs 78 and welded thereto and to the side plates 106.

The same mode of construction would be used in assembling the columns thereby enabling the fabrication of the various structural elements of the building in a rapid and economical manner. All of the components may be easily assembled on the ground either at building site or at a remote fabrication plant. It then involves a simple matter of raising the preformed columns into the proper position by means of a crane and welding them to the base plates which are embedded in the footings. The preformed craneway girders may then be lifted into place either in sections or as a complete unit and welded to the top of the columns. In some circumstances it would only be necessary to erect the columns and craneway lgirders if it was not necessary to have an enclosed structure, such as for use in ship building operations. However if a closed building is desirable it is only necessary to secure the siding of the columns by means of welding and place the roof bents and roofing material across the top of the bay as defined by the rows of columns. The finished building provides a structure not only capable of providing support for substantially increased crane loads but also provides an attractive aesthetically pleasing building having an increase in usable floor space over prior constructions. 'Due to the smooth tapered shape of the columns and girders the finished building frame work suggests a modern appearance heretofore achieved only by the use of poured concrete structures.

Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings.

What is claimed is:

1. In a structure of the type having at least one elongated working bay adapted to have a traveling overhead crane movably mounted for movement along the length of said bay comprising:

(a) a plurality of spaced hollow box type vertical support columns disposed in a first line along one side of said longitudinal bay,

(b) a plurality of spaced hollow box type vertical support columns disposed in a second line parallel to said first line along the opposite side of said bay wherein said columns in said second line taper from a wide base portion to a narrow upper portion as viewed along the length of said bay and taper from the narrow base portion to a wide upper portion as viewed along the line transversely of said bay,

(c) a plurality of hollow box beam girders having a trapezoidal cross section with the narrower of the two parallel sides being disposed downwardly extending the length of said bay supported on and secured to the top of each line of vertical support columns to provide a pair of parallel support surfaces, and

(d) rail means mounted on said support surfaces parallel to the edges thereof for supporting and guiding a traveling crane beam.

2. In a building construction as set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said columns is comprised of steel plates welded together and a plurality of spaced parallel reinforcing webs disposed transverse to the length of said column and welded therein.

3. In a building constructed as set forth in claim 2 further comprising reinforced concrete footings having a steel plate secured to the upper surface thereof each of said hollow columns being 'welded on all sides to said base plate and being welded on all sides to the underside of said box beam girders to hermetically seal the interior of the hollow columns.

4. A building construction as set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said hollow box beam girders is comprised of steel plates Welded together and a plurality of reinforcing web members extending transversely to the length of said girders, parallel to each other and welded therein.

5. In a building construction as set forth in claim 4 wherein said girders are provided with end plates welded thereto to hermetically enclose the interior of said girders.

6. In a building construction as set forth in claim 1 wherein the columns in said first line taper from a narrow base portion to a wide upper portion as viewed along the line transversely of said bay.

7. In a building construction as set forth in claim 1 further comprising additional craneway girder means secured to the columns in said lines on the sides thereof facing toward each other at a point intermediate the top and bottom of said column; the center of gravity of said additional craneway girder means being disposed along the line falling within the area of the base of the columns.

8. In a building construction as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a plurality of spaced hollow box type vertical support columns disposed along a third line parallel to and spaced from said second line of columns on the opposite side of said line of second columns from said first line of columns to define a second bay, a hollow box beam girder extending along the length of said second bay supported on the tops of each of the columns disposed along said third line, and single track means for a traveling crane disposed on the top of the craneway girders along said first and third lines and a pair of track means for a traveling crane disposed on the upper surface of the girder along said second line.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,958,889 5/1934 Fish 5233 3,189,198 6/1965 Fila=k 5229 FOREIGN PATENTS 649,653 12/1962 Italy.

HENRY C. SUTHERLAND, Primary Examiner,

S. D. BURKE, Assistant Examiner.

US. Cl. X.R. 52-40, 731, 90