US3426217A - Breakwire signal conditioner - Google Patents
Breakwire signal conditioner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3426217A US3426217A US553605A US3426217DA US3426217A US 3426217 A US3426217 A US 3426217A US 553605 A US553605 A US 553605A US 3426217D A US3426217D A US 3426217DA US 3426217 A US3426217 A US 3426217A
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- Prior art keywords
- breakwire
- voltage
- signal conditioner
- current source
- output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
- H03K17/73—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region for dc voltages or currents
Definitions
- This invention relates to a breakwire signal conditioner and relates particularly to a breakwire signal conditioner in which the phenomenon of four wires breaking is converted into an electrical signal.
- a signal conditioner is needed which sums the mechanical phenomenon of four wires breaking and converts it into an electrical signal suitable as an input to a telemetry subcarrier oscillator (-5 volts DC). This signal must indicate at all times the condition of each wire. With four ⁇ break-wires, there are sixteen possible conditions. The device must give a discrete voltage level output for each condition.
- breakwire signal conditioners in use which have overlapping voltage steps, depending on which combination of wires are broken. This is an undesirable characteristic if the breakwire signal conditioner is to be used with a telemetry system which must have a definite voltage gradient in exact steps.
- the prior art conditioner provides a chance of signal loss due to the broken breakwire shortng to ground and shortng out the instrumentation battery, thus losing the signal. In some applications where the prior art conditioner is used in missiles, the broken breakwire would short to the missile skin, thus shortng out the instrumentation battery.
- this embodiment of the present invention comprises four similar channels, each channel consisting similiarly of a breakwire, a silicon controlled rectifier having its control gate connected to the breakwire, and a current source consisting of transistors connected thereto.
- the output of each channels current source is parallel connected with output resistor R37.
- the voltage divider composed of resistors R1 and R2 will turn silicon controlled rectifier Q1 on.
- the silicon controlled rectifier Q1 turns its associated current source, composed of transistors Q5 and Q9, on and off.
- silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is off, a voltage is applied to the voltage divider composed of R13 and R14. This voltage will turn transistor Q5 on.
- the voltage divider composed of R21 and R22 supplies a fixed voltage to the base of transistor Q9, neglecting the voltage drop across diode CRL
- the voltage drop across CR1 tends to cancel the drop across the base to emitter junction of transistor Q9 which make the voltage across the series combination of R29 and R30 be approximately equal to the voltage across R22.
- the voltage across diode CRl and the base to emitter voltage of transistor Q9 track each other with temperature which tends to compensate for temperature changes.
- silicon controlled rectifier Q1 When silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is on, its anode voltage is approximately equal to zero volt. Therefore, the negative voltage appearing on the base of transistor Q5 will turn it off.
- the base voltage across transistor Q9 divided by the corresponding emitter resistance, resistors R29 and R30 gives the current supplied by this channel. Resistor R30 is variable so that the exact value of current desired may be tuned in.
- the output voltage level measured across R37, is one of sixteen dicrete voltage levels, equally spaced between 0 vol-t DC and 5 volts DC. Thus, each discrete voltage level is separated from its adjacent voltage levels by 0.333 volt DC. The exact voltage output is, of course, dependent upon which combination of breakwires are broken. To obtain the maximum spread, each channels current output Il, I2, I3, and I4 is selected to be twice that of the preceding channel.
- a breakwire signal conditioner comprising a plurality of breakwire channels and a resistor; each channel comprising: a switch means, a breakwire connected between a ground and said switch means for controlling said switch means, and a current source having a control terminal and a current output terminal, said switch means being connected to said control terminal of said current source and said resistor being connected between said output of said current source and ground; the output current of each current source differing from the output current of any other current source and the sum of any combination thereof ⁇ differing from the sum of any other combination thereof.
- each said switching means is a silicon controlled rectifier whose gate is connected to said breakwire.
- each said current source comprises a first transistor having a base, emitter, and collector, said base being connected to eac-h said switching means.
- each said current source includes a secon-d transistor having a base, emitter, and collector, said base of said second transistor being connected to said collector of said rst transistor.
- each said current source is a temperature compensated current source.
Description
Feb. 4, 1969 M. E. woMBLE, JR 3,426,217
l l BREKWIRE SIGNAL CONDITIONER v Filed May 26, 1956 Monroe E. WombIe,Jr.,
INVENTOR. www? m M BY w d, lefgz/ )W @bv/Z.. dif/ul 6, w14
United States Patent O "Ice 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A plurality of circuits wherein the breaking of a breakwire causes an SCR to turn on a current source. Each discrete current source is connected to a common resistor whereby the output may be analyzed to determine which breakwire or breakwires have broken.
This invention relates to a breakwire signal conditioner and relates particularly to a breakwire signal conditioner in which the phenomenon of four wires breaking is converted into an electrical signal.
A signal conditioner is needed which sums the mechanical phenomenon of four wires breaking and converts it into an electrical signal suitable as an input to a telemetry subcarrier oscillator (-5 volts DC). This signal must indicate at all times the condition of each wire. With four `break-wires, there are sixteen possible conditions. The device must give a discrete voltage level output for each condition.
There are presently breakwire signal conditioners in use which have overlapping voltage steps, depending on which combination of wires are broken. This is an undesirable characteristic if the breakwire signal conditioner is to be used with a telemetry system which must have a definite voltage gradient in exact steps. The prior art conditioner provides a chance of signal loss due to the broken breakwire shortng to ground and shortng out the instrumentation battery, thus losing the signal. In some applications where the prior art conditioner is used in missiles, the broken breakwire would short to the missile skin, thus shortng out the instrumentation battery.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a breakwire signal conditioner in which there are sixteen equal voltage steps, dependent upon the combination of breakwires broken.
It is, also, an object of this invention to provide a breakwire signal conditioner where-in said voltage steps are of such magnitude as to permit their use in the keying of a telemetry system.
Additionally, it is an object of this invention to provide a breakwire signal conditioner wherein the shortng of a broken breakwire to ground will have no effect on the output of said breakwire signal conditioner.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the single figure drawing which is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Referring now to the drawing, this embodiment of the present invention comprises four similar channels, each channel consisting similiarly of a breakwire, a silicon controlled rectifier having its control gate connected to the breakwire, and a current source consisting of transistors connected thereto. The output of each channels current source is parallel connected with output resistor R37.
In an effort to simplify the explanation and in an effort to make the invention more understandable to the reader, the explanation of the circuit operation will deal only with one of these channels. Initially, all four of the break- 3,42 6,2 l 7 Patented Feb. 4, 1 969 wires B1, B2, B3, and B4 are intact, and the four inputs are shorted to ground. This shorts the gates of silicon controlled rectifiers Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively, to the cathodes, which holds them off. The breaking of any one of the four breakwires will produce a similar response from its channel.
Referring now to the first channel, when breakwire B1 breaks, the voltage divider composed of resistors R1 and R2 will turn silicon controlled rectifier Q1 on. After breakwire B1 is broken and silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is turned on, shortng of that particular input to ground will have no effect on the silicon controlled rectifier. The silicon controlled rectifier Q1 turns its associated current source, composed of transistors Q5 and Q9, on and off. When silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is off, a voltage is applied to the voltage divider composed of R13 and R14. This voltage will turn transistor Q5 on. The voltage divider composed of R21 and R22 supplies a fixed voltage to the base of transistor Q9, neglecting the voltage drop across diode CRL The voltage drop across CR1 tends to cancel the drop across the base to emitter junction of transistor Q9 which make the voltage across the series combination of R29 and R30 be approximately equal to the voltage across R22. The voltage across diode CRl and the base to emitter voltage of transistor Q9 track each other with temperature which tends to compensate for temperature changes. When silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is on, its anode voltage is approximately equal to zero volt. Therefore, the negative voltage appearing on the base of transistor Q5 will turn it off. The base voltage across transistor Q9 divided by the corresponding emitter resistance, resistors R29 and R30, gives the current supplied by this channel. Resistor R30 is variable so that the exact value of current desired may be tuned in.
Returning now to a discussion of the present invention in its entirety, the output voltage level, measured across R37, is one of sixteen dicrete voltage levels, equally spaced between 0 vol-t DC and 5 volts DC. Thus, each discrete voltage level is separated from its adjacent voltage levels by 0.333 volt DC. The exact voltage output is, of course, dependent upon which combination of breakwires are broken. To obtain the maximum spread, each channels current output Il, I2, I3, and I4 is selected to be twice that of the preceding channel.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
What is claimed is:
1. A breakwire signal conditioner comprising a plurality of breakwire channels and a resistor; each channel comprising: a switch means, a breakwire connected between a ground and said switch means for controlling said switch means, and a current source having a control terminal and a current output terminal, said switch means being connected to said control terminal of said current source and said resistor being connected between said output of said current source and ground; the output current of each current source differing from the output current of any other current source and the sum of any combination thereof `differing from the sum of any other combination thereof.
2. A breakwire signal conditioner as set forth in claim 1 wherein each said switching means is a silicon controlled rectifier whose gate is connected to said breakwire.
3. A breakwire signal conditioner as set forth in claim 1 wherein each said current source comprises a first transistor having a base, emitter, and collector, said base being connected to eac-h said switching means.
4. A breakwire signal conditioner as set forth in claim 3 wherein each said current source includes a secon-d transistor having a base, emitter, and collector, said base of said second transistor being connected to said collector of said rst transistor.
5. A breakwire signal conditioner as set forth in claim 1 wherein each said current source is a temperature compensated current source.
6. A breakwire signal conditioner as set forth in claim 1 to comprise at least a rst, second, third, and fourth channel and wherein the current from said current source for each channel is exactly twice that of the preceding channel.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,210,751 10/1965 Shiraishi 340-256 ARTHUR GAUSS, Primary Examiner.
JOHN ZAZWORSKY, Assistant Examiner.
U.S. C1. X.R.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US55360566A | 1966-05-26 | 1966-05-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3426217A true US3426217A (en) | 1969-02-04 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US553605A Expired - Lifetime US3426217A (en) | 1966-05-26 | 1966-05-26 | Breakwire signal conditioner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3426217A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3676877A (en) * | 1970-04-18 | 1972-07-11 | Mittan Co Ltd | Fire alarm system with fire zone locator using zener diode voltage monitoring |
| US3678513A (en) * | 1970-10-28 | 1972-07-18 | Gen Monitors | Peak selection circuit and apparatus utilizing same |
| US3690259A (en) * | 1969-04-03 | 1972-09-12 | France Armed Forces | Igniter for electric primer |
| US3938126A (en) * | 1974-11-07 | 1976-02-10 | The Raymond Lee Organization, Inc. | Handbag alarm system |
| US4016457A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1977-04-05 | Kelsey-Hayes Company | Failsafe system for skid control systems and the like |
| US5134248A (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1992-07-28 | Advanced Temperature Devices, Inc. | Thin film flexible electrical connector |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3210751A (en) * | 1961-02-06 | 1965-10-05 | Tamura Electric Works Ltd | Circuit for producing a current pulse upon a break in a series circuit |
-
1966
- 1966-05-26 US US553605A patent/US3426217A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3210751A (en) * | 1961-02-06 | 1965-10-05 | Tamura Electric Works Ltd | Circuit for producing a current pulse upon a break in a series circuit |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3690259A (en) * | 1969-04-03 | 1972-09-12 | France Armed Forces | Igniter for electric primer |
| US3676877A (en) * | 1970-04-18 | 1972-07-11 | Mittan Co Ltd | Fire alarm system with fire zone locator using zener diode voltage monitoring |
| US3678513A (en) * | 1970-10-28 | 1972-07-18 | Gen Monitors | Peak selection circuit and apparatus utilizing same |
| US4016457A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1977-04-05 | Kelsey-Hayes Company | Failsafe system for skid control systems and the like |
| US3938126A (en) * | 1974-11-07 | 1976-02-10 | The Raymond Lee Organization, Inc. | Handbag alarm system |
| US5134248A (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1992-07-28 | Advanced Temperature Devices, Inc. | Thin film flexible electrical connector |
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