US3425206A

US3425206A - Dyed intermittently textured yarn

Info

Publication number: US3425206A
Application number: US479214A
Authority: US
Inventors: James R Holton
Original assignee: Monsanto Co
Current assignee: Monsanto Co
Priority date: 1963-11-12
Filing date: 1965-08-12
Publication date: 1969-02-04
Anticipated expiration: 1986-02-04

Description

Feb. 4, 1969 J, HOLTON DYED INTERMITTENTLY TEXTURED YARN I of 5 Sheet Original Filed Nov. 12, 1963 FIG.2.

INVENTOR JAMES R. HOLTON FIG.3.

ATTORNEY 7 Feb. 4, 1969 J. R. HOLTON 3,425,206

DYED INTERMIITENTLY TEXTURED YARN Original Filed Nov. 12, 1963 Sheet 2 of s V I6 It In '11 Hi4 I; q 4H 0H FIG. 5,

INVENTOR. JAMES R. HOLTON ATTORNEY Feb. 4, 1969 I J. R. HOLTON 3,425,206

DYED INTERMITTENTLY TEXTURED YARN Original Filed No' v. 12, 1963 Sheet 3 of 5 FIG. 6.

INVENTOR. JAMES R. HOLTON BY M154 m, m

ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,425,206 DYED INTERMITTENTLY TEXTURED YARN James R. Holton, Gulf Breeze, Fla., assignor to Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Delaware Original application Nov. 12, 1963, Ser. No. 322,731, now Patent No. 3,263,298, dated Aug. 2, 1966. Divided and this application Aug. 12, 1965, Ser. No. 479,214 US. Cl. 57-140 3 Claims Int. Cl. D02g 3/02, 3/36; D01d 11/06 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A dyed thermoplastic continuous filament yarn exhibiting intermittently arranged textured sections and untextured sections is provided. The untextured sections present a different and darker shade of the same color from the textured sections. The textured sections can be in the form of crimps, curls or like distortions.

This application is a divisional application of application Ser. No. 322,731, filed Nov. 12, 1963, now US. Patent No. 3,263,298.

The present invention relates to the production of thermoplastic textile yarn. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of processing thermoplastic textile yarn of varying denier to produce yarn exhibiting intermittent texture, as well as to such yarn.

In order to impart certain desirable properties to continuous man-made filament yarn it is common practice to texture or loft same. Textured yarn possesses greater bulkiness, better heat insulating power and other improved properties while still retaining many of the desirable characteristics of spun yarn.

One method of considerable commercial significance for producing textured yarn involves the steps of hot drawing substantially undrawn thermoplastic continuous filament yarn and immediately thereafter simultaneously cooling and deforming the yarn by passing same between a pair of intermeshing gears. The thus-textured yarn has greater bulk which is more fully developed by a subsequent heat treatment while the yarn is under low tension.

Another method of considerable commercial importance produces a twist-curled yarn having lively stretch. Ordinarily, twist-curled textured yarn is made by a three step process. In the first step, the yarn is twisted a desired amount. While in the twisted condition, the yarn is heatset during the second step. That is, the yarn is heated and cooled while twisted so as to render the yarn dimensionally stable until again heated to or above the setting temperature. Finally, the yarn is untwisted. The twist imparted and set in the yarn can be a true twist or a false twist. For economic reasons, the latter twist is preferred. False twisting is a well-known method by which a yarn is twisted and untwisted in one operation, the yarn being heat-set when twisted.

A third method of considerable commercial importance utilizes the well-known stuffing box technique to induce substantially permanent crimp in the yarn. The yarn is characterized by sharp elbows between the arms of the crimps induced therein.

It has also been suggested to produce a textured continuous filament yarn by knitting the yarn into fabric, heat-setting the fabric, and unraveling the fabric. In addition hot gas-jet processes are known for textnring filament yarn.

-It has been proposed to provide intermittent texture in thermoplastic continuous filaments. However, to obtain this end, it has been necessary to use expensive and complex apparatus. For example, one can provide intermittent texture by periodically interrupting the intermeshing of 3,425,206 Patented Feb. 4, 1969 the gears in the above-mentioned gear crimping procedure.

Mechanical problems render known approaches to intermittent textnring unattractive from an economic standpoint. In addition, it has long been desired to produce a intermittently stuffing box crimped continuous filament yarn.

It is another object to provide an intermittently textured and two-toned man-made continuous filament yarn.

Other objects may be apparent from the following detailed description.

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a novel method of producing intermittently textured yarn wherein the lofted portions thereof are periodic or random. A source of thermoplastic man-made continuous filament yarn is provided. The yarn is drawn below the natural draw ratio so that the yarn exhibits thick and thin portions along the length thereof. The yarn is subjected to a textnring or lofting operation after which the yarn is stretched to complete the natural draw thereof.

In one embodiment the underdrawn yarn having the thick and thin portions is forwarded longitudinally through a zone wherein the yarn is heated to render same more amenable to being textured. lThe thus-heated yarn is simultaneously cooled and deformed. The cooling and deformation are accomplished by passing the yarn between intermeshing toothed wheels. Although the gears will stretch the yarn a minor amount, the yarn ordinarily is stretched in a separate operation to complete the natural draw thereof. The thin portions of the yarn are textured presenting a crimpy appearance, and the thick portions of the yarn are thereby lastingly stretched presenting a substantially uncrimped appearance. When the yarn is dyed before having the stretch removed therefrom, the uncrimped sections will imbibe considerably more dye and, therefore, will exhibit a more deeply or darker dyed appearance than the crimped sections. The resulting intermittently textured yarn can be used to construct fabric having novelty effects and desirable properties.

.In a second embodiment yarn drawn below the natural draw ratio so that it exhibits thick and thin portions along the length thereof is forwarded longitudinally through a zone wherein the yarn is twist-curled by being twisted, heated and cooled while twisted and then is untwisted. Thereafter, the yarn is stretched to complete the draw thereof. The thin portions of the yarn remain twist-curled; and the thick portions of the yarn are thereby lastingly stretched presenting a substantially straight, uncurled appearance. Finally, the yarn is collected in an orderly manner. The resulting intermittently textured yarn can be used to construct fabric having novelty effects and desirable properties. When the yarn is dyed before having the stretch removed therefrom, the uncurled sections exhibit a more deeply or darker dyed appearance than the twist-curled sections.

yet another embodiment yarn drawn below the natural draw ratio so that it exhibits thick and thin portions along the length thereof is forwarded longitudinally through a confined zone wherein the yarn is stutfing box crimped. This is accomplished by cramming the yarn longitudinally through the confined zone inthe form of accordion-like folds having the crimp frequency and crimp amplitude of conventional stufiing box crimping. The cramming crumples successive lengths into folds and pushes the yarn in the folded condition through the zone. While in the zone and in the folded state, the yarn is heated and then cooled to set the crimp therein. After being withdrawn from the zone, the yarn is stretched to complete the draw thereof. The thin portions of the yarn remain crimped; and the thick portions of the yarn are thereby lastingly stretched presenting a substantially straight, uncrimped appearance. Finally, the yarn is collected in an orderly manner. The resulting textured yarn can be used to construct fabric having novelty effects and desirable properties. Again, when the yarn is dyed before having the stretch removed therefrom, the uncrimped sections exhibit a more deeply or darker dyed appearance than the crimped sections.

In still another embodiment the yarn drawn below the natural drawn ratio so that it exhibits thick and thin portions along the length thereof is knitted into a fabric. The resulting fabric is heat-set and then unraveled. The yarn thereafter is stretched to complete the draw thereof. The thin portions of the yarn remain crimped; and the thick portions of the yarn are thereby lastingly stretched presenting a substantially straight, uncrimped appearance. The resulting textured yarn can be used to construct fabric having novelty effects and desirable properties. Again, when the yarn is dyed before having the stretch removed therefrom, the uncrimped sections exhibit a more deeply or darker dyed appearance than the crimped sections.

In addition, yarn drawn below the natural draw ratio so that it exhibits thick and thin portions can be distorted by a hot plasticizing fluid jet process. In such a process a moving threadline is discomposed by a hot fluid, such as superheated steam. The process induces crimps in the yarn without crunodal loops being formed therein. After such treatment, the yarn is stretched to complete the draw thereof. The thin portions of the yarn remain crimped; and the thick portions of the yarn are thereby lastingly stretched presenting a substantially straight, uncrimped appearance. The resulting textured yarn can be used to construct fabric having novelty effects and desirable properties. Again, when the yarn is dyed before having the stretch removed therefrom, the uncrimped sections exhibit a more deeply or darker dyed appearance than the crimped sections.

The present invention further provides a dyed thermoplastic continuous filament yarn exhibiting intermittently arranged textured sections and untextured sections. The untextured sections present a dilferent and darker shade of the same color from the textured sections. The textured sections can be in the form of crimps, curls or like distortions.

This invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a schematic view illustrating a continuous filament yarn having thick and thin portions along its length;

FIGURE 2 is a schematic view illustrating a continuous filament yarn intermittently crimped by the process of the present invention;

FIGURE 3 shows one arrangement of apparatus for processing yarn in accordance with this invention;

FIGURE 4 is a schematic view illustrating a continuous filament yarn intermittently twist-curled by the process of the present invention;

FIGURE 5 shows another arrangement of apparatus for processing yarn in accordance with this invention;

FIGURE 6 is a schematic view illustrating a continuous filament yarn intermittently stuffing box crimped by the process of the present invention; and

FIGURE 7 shows one arrangement of apparatus for processing yarn in accordance with this invention.

In FIGURE 1 continuous filament yarn 1 has a plurality of thick portions 2 and thin portions 3; The yarn has not been fully oriented. Nascent man-made filaments, as a rule, do not show a high order of molecular orientation and have a relatively low load-bearing capacity. To orient the filaments and thereby to increase greatly the strength thereof, they are stretched a desired extent, as is well known. In order to obtain optimum physical properties, the filaments normally are stretched using a natural draw ratio. This results in an extension of the filaments which is sufficient to change them from their undrawn state to a uniformly drawn and highly oriented state without straining them to introduce surface cracks or filament breaks. When one employs a draw ratio lower than the natural draw ratio, some sections of the filaments will draw at the natural draw ratio while other sections, in the main, will not draw at all.

In FIGURE 1 the yarn 1 has been drawn by means of two thread advancing devices operated at a peripheral speed differential predetermined to provide a draw ratio less than the natural draw ratio under the drawing conditions employed. The thin portions 3 exhibit considerably greater molecular orientation than the thick portions 2.

In FIGURE 2 intermittently textured fully drawn yarn 4 is shown. It will be noted that the yarn exhibits uncrimped sections 5 and crimped sections 6. Generally, the uncrimped sections 5 correspond to the thick portions 2; and the crimped sections 6 correspond to the thin portions 3. When the yarn has been dyed by conventional yarn dyeing before completion of the natural draw, the yarn is two-toned presenting different shades of the same color. The uncrimped sections possess a different and darker shade from the same color of the crimped sections.

One form of apparatus for converting the thin portions into the crimped sections is shown in FIGURE 3. A thermoplastic yarn 1 previously drawn below the natural draw ratio to provide thick portions 2 and thin portions 3 therein is supplied from a suitable source. The source can be from a yarn holder on which the yarn has been packaged. In addition, the yarn can be supplied directly from a filament-forming device without the yarn having been packaged, provided the yarn has the required thick and thin portions. The yarn is passed through a pair of feed rolls 7 to supply it at a predetermined delivery speed.

From the feed rolls 7 the yarn 1 is led through a heated zone provided by a circumferential heater 8. As illustrated this heater is a tubular device having an electrical resistant heater element imbedded therein. Obviously other heating devices for suitably raising the temperature of the thick and thin yarn 1 can be used as well. Next, the yarn is directed between rotatably mounted, driven crimping gears 9 and 10 that mesh.

As the teeth of the gears mesh, the yarn is subjected to laterally applied stresses increasing and decreasing in intensity as the yarn approaches and leaves the horizontal plane in which the axes of the crimping gears lie. While subjected to the action of the teeth, the undrawn or thick portions 2 are slightly drawn and the drawn or thin portions are deformed. While being so-drawn and deformed, the yarn is cooled. To provide this cooling which is of importance to obtain the intermittent crimp, gears 9 and 10 can be positively cooled. As illustrated a nozzle 11 is positioned to direct a stream of coolant onto gear 9. Under certain conditions it can be advantageous to pass the yarn through the mesh of the gears a plurality of times. To do this, a separator roll 12 can be positioned adjacent one of the gears.

After being cooled and deformed by the gears, the yarn is ordinarily taken up in an orderly manner. As shown, the yarn is wound in the form of a package 13 by a driven spindle 14. However, before take-up or after take-up the yarn is stretched to complete the draw thereof, resulting in removing the variation in denier originally therein. If desired, this stretch can be accomplished by use of a thread advancing means (not shown) in the path of the yarn between the gears and the take-up device. The thread advancing means is operated at a faster speed relative to the yarn forwarding speed of the gears to provide the desired stretch along the length thereof. Furthermore, the yarn can be withdrawn from package 13 and forwarded to a second take-up at a faster speed to finish the draw thereof. The crimped sections of the treated yarn can become more manifest by heating the yarn under zero or low tension. The post heat-relaxation can be carried out either before or after the yarn is taken up. Obviously, the yarn instead of being collected as continuous filaments can be cut to definite spinning lengths and baled as staple fiber.

In FIGURE 4 intermittently twist-curled yarn 15 is shown. It will be noted that the yarn exhibits uncurled sections 16 and buried sections 17. Generally, the uncurled sections 16 correspond to the thick portions 2; and the curled sections 17 correspond to the thin portions 3.

Apparatus for converting the thick portions into the uncurled sections and the thin portions into the curled sections is shown in FIGURE 5. A thermoplastic yarn 1 previously drawn below the natural draw ratio to provide thick portions 2 and thin portions 3 therein is supplied from a suitable source. The source can be from a yarn holder 18 on which the yarn has been packaged. In addition, the yarn can be supplied directly from a filamentforming device without the yarn having been packaged provided the yarn has the required thick and thin portions. The yarn is withdrawn from holder 18 and is passed through 'a pair of feed rolls 19 to supply it at a prededetermined delivery speed.

Next, the yarn is fed through a twist-curl zone A wherein the yarn is twisted, heat-set and untwisted. The yarn is withdrawn from this zone by a second set of rolls 20. In the yarn path in zone A a twist imparting device 21 is positioned for putting in and taking out twist in the yarn. Between rolls 19 and device 21, a yarn heater 22 is located for heating the yarn when it is twisted. A twist of about -200 turns per inch gives good results.

The yarn is then fed through a drawing zone B wherein the yarn is stretched to complete the draw thereof and thereby to remove the thick portions therefrom. This is accomplished in the provision of a third set of yarn forwarding rolls 23 which is operated at a faster peripheral speed than rolls 20.

After being twist-curled and stretched, the yarn is ordinarily taken up in an orderly manner. As shown the yarn is wound in the form of a package 24 by a driven traverse roll 25. Obviously, the yarn instead of being collected as continuous filaments can be cut to definite spinning lengths and baled as staple fiber.

In FIGURE 6 intermittently stufiing box crimped yarn 26 is shown. It will be noted that the yarn exhibits uncrimped sections 27 and crimped sections 28. Generally, the uncrimped sections '27 correspond to the thick portions 2, and the crimped sections 28 correspond to the thin portions 3.

Apparatus for converting the thick portions into the uncrimped sections and the thin portions into the stuffing box crimped sections is shown in FIGURE 7. A thermoplastic yarn 1 previously drawn below the natural draw ratio to provide thick portions2 and thin portions 3 therein is supplied from a suitable source. The source can be from a yarn holder 29 on which the yarn has been packaged. In addition, the yarn can .be supplied directly from a filament-forming device without the yarn having been packaged provided the yarn has the required thick and thin portions. The yarn is withdrawn from holder 29 and is passed through a. pair of feed rolls 30 to supply it at a predetermined delivery speed.

These rolls cram the filaments in folded relation into and through the confined crimping zone A provided by stulfer box 31. Near the entrance of the box a heater 32 is positioned for heating the crimped yarn. The yarn can be heated just before entering the zone, if desired. Between the heater and the Weight biased door 33 of the box,

the yarn is cooled to complete the heat-setting of the yarn. Pins 34 can be used to accomplish this cooling of the yarn. The yarn is withdrawn from the crimping zone by a second set of yarn forwarding rolls 34a.

Rolls

30 and 34a, of course, are synchronized in speed to facilitate the crimping operation.

The yarn is then fed through a drawing zone B wherein the yarn is stretched to complete the draw thereof and thereby to remove the thick portions therefrom. This is accomplished in the provision of a third set of yarn forwarding rools 35 operated at a faster peripheral speed than rolls 34'.

After being stuffing box crimped and stretched, the yarn is ordinarily taken up in an orderly manner. As shown, the yarn is wound in the form of a package 36 by a driven traverse roll 37. Obviously, the yarn instead of being collected as continuous filaments can be cut to definite spinning lengths and baled as staple fiber.

This invention can advantageously use as a starting material thick and thin yarn prepared from a variety of polymers including polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyacrylonitriles, polyhydrocarbons (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc), polyvinyl chloride, cellulose esters, and cellulose ethers, as Well as many other materials. The yarn can have a round cross section, as well as a non-round cross section such as X and Y configurations. In addition, the yarn can be tubular or have discontinuous voids. It is preferred that the yarn be made of polymeric ethylene terephthalate or of nylon which is a class of polyamides. In particular nylon-6 and nylon-66 can be advantageously processed. When these specific nylons are employed, it has been found that best results are obtained by heating the yarn in the range of about 250 C.

The following examples are illustrative of the invention; but, the same obviously is not limited thereto.

Example I Nylon-66 was melt spun into undrawn yarn having a total denier of 280 and being composed of 14 continuous filaments. The natural draw ratio of the yarn at conditions employed was determined to be 4.5. However, the yarn was drawn using conventional feeds rolls and draw rolls at a draw ratio of 3.4. The yarn was n-ubby having thick areas and thin areas. This thick and thin yarn was dyed with Superlitefast Blue 8 GLN, a sensitive dye for nylon, in a conventional yarn dyeing procedure. Then, the yarn was passed through gears of the type shown in the accompanying drawing. Before being so crimped, the yarn was heated. The yarn was packaged as shown in FIGURE 3. Thereafter, the yarn was withdrawn therefrom and stretched to complete the draw to the natural draw ratio. It was observed that after being heated while under no tension, the yarn exhibited crimped areas and uncrimped areas along the length thereof. The crimped areas had a noticeably lighter color of blue than the uncrimped areas. Fabric made therefrom had a novel two-toned color effect.

Example II The underdrawn nylon yarn having thick and thin areas in the above example was knitted in a circular knit fabric. The fabric was dyed with a conventional nylon dye, heatset, and unraveled. The draw of the yarn was completed. The resulting yarn was uniformly fully drawn and exhibited crimped areas and uncrimped areas along the length thereof. The crimped areas had a noticeably lighter color than the uncrimped areas. Fabric made therefrom had a novel two-toned color effect.

Example III Nylon-66 is melt spun into undrawn yarn having a total denier of 280 and composed of 14 continuous filaments. The natural draw ratio of the yarn at conditions employed is 4.5. However, the yarn is drawn using conventional feed rolls and draw rolls at a draw ratio of 3.4. The yarn is rendered nubby having thick areas and thin areas. This thick and thin yarn is passed through a twist-curling device as illustrated in the drawing. A false twist of 50 turns per inch is imparted thereto. The heater is operated at about 190 C. The yarn leaving the box is then stretched to finish the draw thereof. The yarn is uniformly fully drawn and exhibits curled areas and uncurled areas along the length thereof. When the yarn is dyed before having the stretch removed therefrom, the resulting curled areas have a noticeably lighter color than the uncrimped areas. Fabric made therefrom has a novel two-toned color effect.

Example IV Nylon-66 is melt spun into undrawn yarn having a total denier of 280 and composed of 14 continuous filaments. The natural draw ratio of the yarn at conditions employed is 4.5. However, the yarn is drawn using conventional feed rolls and draw rolls at a draw ratio of 3.4. The yarn is rendered nubby having thick areas and thin areas. This thick and thin yarn is passed through a stuffing box crimper operating to impart thereto about 8 crimps per inch of an amplitude of about 1-5 mm. The first part of the box is heated by an electric heater at about 190 C. The yarn leaving the box is then stretched to finish the draw thereof. The yarn exhibits crimped areas and uncrimped areas along the length thereof. When the yarn is dyed before having the stretch removed therefrom, the resulting crimped areas have a noticeably lighter color than the uncrimped areas. Fabric made therefrom has a novel two-toned color effect.

Thus, it is seen that the present invention provides a convenient and economical process for producing an intermittently textured continuous filament yarn. The texture can be in the form of twist-curls, crimps, etc. The yarn can be dyed during the processing thereof such that the textured parts will have a different shade of color from the untextured parts.

It is apparent that many different embodiments of the above can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it is not intended that the invention be limited except as indicated in the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A uniformly fully drawn dyed thermoplastic manmade continuous multi-filament yarn exhibiting an intermittent texture of twist-curled sections and substantially straight sections characterized by the straight sections presenting a different and darker shade of the same color from the twist-curled sections.

2. The yarn of claim 1 composed of nylon polymer.

3. The yarn of claim 1 composed of polyester.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,089,194 8/1937 Dreyfus 57-157 XR 2,278,888 4/1942 Lewis 57-140 2,780,833 2/1957 Braunlich 57-140 3,017,737 1/1962 Breen 57-34 3,069,726 12/1962 Adams 57-140 3,117,173 1/ 1964 Adams 57-140 3,121,935 2/1964 Shattuck et al. 28-1 3,129,485 4/1964 Shattuck 57-34 XR 3,136,111 6/1964 Pittman 57-140 3,137,911 6/1964 Bromley 28-72 XR 3,269,105 8/1966 Eldridge et al 57-140 JOHN PETRAKES, Primary Examiner.

US. Cl. X.R.