US3424695A - Improving reformer-furnace performance by using gas-turbine exhaust - Google Patents

Improving reformer-furnace performance by using gas-turbine exhaust Download PDF

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US3424695A
US3424695A US490920A US3424695DA US3424695A US 3424695 A US3424695 A US 3424695A US 490920 A US490920 A US 490920A US 3424695D A US3424695D A US 3424695DA US 3424695 A US3424695 A US 3424695A
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gas
reformer
furnace
turbine exhaust
improving
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US490920A
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Peter Von Wiesenthal
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Linde GmbH
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Peter Von Wiesenthal
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Assigned to LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY reassignment LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus
    • C10G9/20—Tube furnaces

Definitions

  • turbine exhaust contains from 16 ⁇ to 19 percent of oxygen at from 700 F. to 1000 F.
  • this teaching takes advantage of high temperature, oxygen-rich turbine exhaust to promote combustion in reformer furnaces.
  • furnace chambers in ammonia synthesis plants for example
  • the fuel required to maintain furnace chambers at reforming temperatures is vastly reduced.
  • Utilizing the exhaust of gas turbines improves their competitive postion vis-a-vis steam-turbine or electric-motor drives. This approach is especially facile in wall-tired reformer furnace designs with elongated burners where ductwork for the gas turbine exhaust can be conveniently positioned to support platforms for access to the burners.
  • FIGURE I is a sketch illustrating the relationship of gas turbine and reformer furnace according to this invention.
  • FIGURE II is an elevation view in section of a reformer furnace arranged for using gas turbine exhaust to support combustion.
  • FIGURE III is an elevation view in section and taken along line 3 3 of FIGURE II.
  • FIGURE IV is an enlarged section through a linear burner adapted to receive gas turbine exhaust.
  • FIGURE V is a section taken along line 5 of FIG- URE lV.
  • exhaust from gas turbine 1 is delivered via ducts 2 to burners 3 where it supports combustion of a suitable fuel (generally gaseous) introduced via fuel lines 4.
  • a suitable fuel generally gaseous
  • a hydrocarbon such as methane or propane
  • a suitable oxidant such as H2O and/or CO2
  • inlet manifolds l6 is coursed from inlet manifolds l6 through furnace tubes 7 which are filled with a suitable catalyst such as granular nickel oxide to outlet manifolds 8 all in a manner well known to those familiar with this art.
  • elongated settings 11 include side walls 12 which are relatively close to tubes 7.
  • Burners 3 are arranged in elongated tile troughs 13 along side walls 12 so that heat from these burners washes side walls 12 to heat them to uniform incandescence so that substantially the entire surfaces of these side walls act as heating elements. It is important that impingement of llames on catalyst lilled tubes 7 be avoided. So combustion of the gaseous fuel is contained from burner tips 14 to the exits 1-6 of troughs 13 so that tubes 7 do not see ame.
  • Delivery ducts 2 are internally lined with insulation. Dampers 17 and reach rods 18 offer control of turbine exhaust flow.
  • Combustion products are vented, with the aid of induced draft fans 19 by way of convection section 21 and stacks 22.
  • At least one linear burner arranged along each of the side walls for heating that side wall to incandescence, means for introducing a suitable fluid fuel to each of the burners, at least one granular-catalyst-lilled tube mounted in the chamber approximately midway between the side Walls, means for coursing a hydrocarbon stream along with a suitable oxidant through the tube for reforming the hydrocarbon to produce H2 and CO,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Description

Jan. `28. 1969 P. VON wlEsrsN-rr-wu.v 3,424,695
, IMPROVING REFORMER'FURNACE PERFORMANCE BY USING GAS-TURBINE EXHA F'lled Sept.. 28. 1965 UST Hg! er;
@As runslus sxMAusT Sheet 'of 5 PETER von WIESENTHAL ATTORNEY Jan. 28, 1969 P voN WIESENTHAI.
IMPROVING REFORMER-FURNACE PERFORMANCE I BY USING GAS-TURBINE EXHAUST Filed Sept. 28, 1965 Sheet lllv INVENTOR.
PETER von WlESENTHAL ATTORNEY Isheet R O T N E V m ATTORNEY Jan. 28, 1969 P. voN WIESENTHAL. IMPROVING REFORMER'FURNACE PERFORMANCE BY USING GASTURBINE EXHAUST mnd sem. 28. 196,5
L. A ,H T N E s F. W n O V R E T E P United States Patent O 3,424,695 lMPROVlNG REFORMER-FURNACE PERFORM- ANCE BY USING GAS-TURBINE EXHAUST Peter von Wiesenthal, 17 E. 89th St., New York, N.Y. 10028 Filed Sept. 28, 1965, Ser. No. 490,920 U.S. Cl. 252-373 Int. Cl. C07c 1/02 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This disclosure relates to hydrogen production by hightemperature reforming of hydrocarbons. More particularly the invention resides in such a hydrogen plant associated with gas turbines, as for example an ammonia synthesis plant wherein gas turbines are used to drive pumps, refrigeration compressors and the like. A process and a system are taught whereby fuel economy is stepped up.
Mechanical properties of metals limit the temperatures at which gas turbines may be operated to from 700 F. to 1000 F. Generally, large volumes of excess air are necessary in order to keep turbine-blade temperatures down. Accordingly turbine exhaust contains from 16` to 19 percent of oxygen at from 700 F. to 1000 F. Basically this teaching takes advantage of high temperature, oxygen-rich turbine exhaust to promote combustion in reformer furnaces. By this expedient furnace chambers in ammonia synthesis plants (for example) can be reduced in size by from ten to thirty percent. Further, the fuel required to maintain furnace chambers at reforming temperatures is vastly reduced. Utilizing the exhaust of gas turbines improves their competitive postion vis-a-vis steam-turbine or electric-motor drives. This approach is especially facile in wall-tired reformer furnace designs with elongated burners where ductwork for the gas turbine exhaust can be conveniently positioned to support platforms for access to the burners.
These and other advantages will appear more fully from the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIGURE I is a sketch illustrating the relationship of gas turbine and reformer furnace according to this invention.
FIGURE II is an elevation view in section of a reformer furnace arranged for using gas turbine exhaust to support combustion.
FIGURE III is an elevation view in section and taken along line 3 3 of FIGURE II.
FIGURE IV is an enlarged section through a linear burner adapted to receive gas turbine exhaust.
FIGURE V is a section taken along line 5 of FIG- URE lV.
As best seen in FIGURE I, exhaust from gas turbine 1 is delivered via ducts 2 to burners 3 where it supports combustion of a suitable fuel (generally gaseous) introduced via fuel lines 4. To produce a mixture of H2 and CO, a hydrocarbon (such as methane or propane) along 3,424,695 Patented Jan. 28, 1969 ICC with a suitable oxidant such as H2O and/or CO2, is coursed from inlet manifolds l6 through furnace tubes 7 which are filled with a suitable catalyst such as granular nickel oxide to outlet manifolds 8 all in a manner well known to those familiar with this art.
Temperatures in excess of 2000 F. are desirable in furnace chamber 9 for hydrocarbon reforming. Toward this objective elongated settings 11 include side walls 12 which are relatively close to tubes 7. Burners 3 are arranged in elongated tile troughs 13 along side walls 12 so that heat from these burners washes side walls 12 to heat them to uniform incandescence so that substantially the entire surfaces of these side walls act as heating elements. It is important that impingement of llames on catalyst lilled tubes 7 be avoided. So combustion of the gaseous fuel is contained from burner tips 14 to the exits 1-6 of troughs 13 so that tubes 7 do not see ame.
Delivery ducts 2 are internally lined with insulation. Dampers 17 and reach rods 18 offer control of turbine exhaust flow.
Combustion products are vented, with the aid of induced draft fans 19 by way of convection section 21 and stacks 22.
It will be understood by those skilled in furnace design that wide deviations may be made from the shown embodirnent without departing from the spirit of invention as set forth in the claims.
What is claimed is: 1. A process for manufacturing H2 and CO and comprising the steps of delining a furnace chamber, providing at least one burner operatively associated with the furnace chamber for maintaining the temperature therein in excess of 2000",
delivering a suitable duid fuel to the burner,
providing a supply of gas-turbine exhaust at a temperature in the range of from 700 F. to 1000 F. and with an O2 content in the range of from 16% to 19% by volume,
delivering the gas-turbine exhaust to the burner in a suicient supply to support substantially complete combustion of the fuel,
coursing a hydrocarbon stream and a suitable oxidant through at least one granular-catalyst-lled tube-1n the furnace chamber for reforming the hydrocarbon to produce H2 and CO.
2. The combination of a gas turbine having a gasturbine exhaust outlet and a furnace for producing a mixture of H2 and CO wherein the furnace includes an elongated setting having side walls and enclosing a furnace chamber,
at least one linear burner arranged along each of the side walls for heating that side wall to incandescence, means for introducing a suitable fluid fuel to each of the burners, at least one granular-catalyst-lilled tube mounted in the chamber approximately midway between the side Walls, means for coursing a hydrocarbon stream along with a suitable oxidant through the tube for reforming the hydrocarbon to produce H2 and CO,
means for venting combustion products from the cornbustion chamber,
delivery means connecting the gas-turbine exhaust outlet with each of the burners whereby the gas-turbine 3 4 exhaust serves as combustion-supporting gas for the References Cited fuel- UNITED STATES PATENTS 3. The combination of claim 2 with the burners mounted at more than one level on each of the side Walls.
4. The combination of claim 3 with the delivery means including a plurality of ducts 5 E' C' THOMAS Prlmary Examiner' arranged along both of the side walls and below H. S. MILLER, Assistant Examiner. the burner levels,
a platform arranged for burner access and supported US' C1' XR' on at least one of the ducts. lo 23-288g 48-212 3,334,971 8/1967 James et al 23-204
US490920A 1965-09-28 1965-09-28 Improving reformer-furnace performance by using gas-turbine exhaust Expired - Lifetime US3424695A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3899420A (en) * 1971-03-27 1975-08-12 Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst Steam reformer for hydrocarbons
US4101376A (en) * 1974-03-18 1978-07-18 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Tubular heater for cracking hydrocarbons
US4332546A (en) * 1980-05-07 1982-06-01 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Process and apparatus for furnace operation with gas seal
US4681701A (en) * 1985-08-30 1987-07-21 Shell Oil Company Process for producing synthesis gas
US5247907A (en) * 1992-05-05 1993-09-28 The M. W. Kellogg Company Process furnace with a split flue convection section
FR2890954A1 (en) * 2005-09-19 2007-03-23 Air Liquide PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS USING AN OXYGEN GAS PRODUCED BY AT LEAST ONE GAS TURBINE
US20070183844A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2007-08-09 Ernst Grob Ag Tooth profile of a spline shaft
US20080145805A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Towler Gavin P Process of Using a Fired Heater
US20110223101A1 (en) * 2010-02-06 2011-09-15 William Timothy Williams Combustion chamber hydrogen converter accelerator
US20180296998A1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2018-10-18 L'Air Liquidde, Societe Anonyme pour I'Etude et I'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude Reformer for producing synthesis gas
US10793780B2 (en) 2017-10-12 2020-10-06 Red Leaf Resources, Inc. Heating materials through co-generation of heat and electricity

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3334971A (en) * 1964-08-18 1967-08-08 Chemical Construction Corp Catalytically reforming hydrocarbon and steam mixtures

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3334971A (en) * 1964-08-18 1967-08-08 Chemical Construction Corp Catalytically reforming hydrocarbon and steam mixtures

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3899420A (en) * 1971-03-27 1975-08-12 Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst Steam reformer for hydrocarbons
US4101376A (en) * 1974-03-18 1978-07-18 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Tubular heater for cracking hydrocarbons
US4332546A (en) * 1980-05-07 1982-06-01 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Process and apparatus for furnace operation with gas seal
US4681701A (en) * 1985-08-30 1987-07-21 Shell Oil Company Process for producing synthesis gas
US5247907A (en) * 1992-05-05 1993-09-28 The M. W. Kellogg Company Process furnace with a split flue convection section
US7874760B2 (en) * 2004-02-19 2011-01-25 Ernst Grob Ag Tooth profile of a spline shaft
US20070183844A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2007-08-09 Ernst Grob Ag Tooth profile of a spline shaft
WO2007034107A2 (en) * 2005-09-19 2007-03-29 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for producing synthetic gas using an oxygen-containing gas produced by at least one gas turbine
WO2007034107A3 (en) * 2005-09-19 2008-03-20 Air Liquide Method for producing synthetic gas using an oxygen-containing gas produced by at least one gas turbine
JP2009508790A (en) * 2005-09-19 2009-03-05 レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード Method for producing synthesis gas using oxygen-containing gas produced by at least one gas turbine
US20090165377A1 (en) * 2005-09-19 2009-07-02 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for producing synthetic gas using an oxygen-containing gas produced by at least one gas turbine
FR2890954A1 (en) * 2005-09-19 2007-03-23 Air Liquide PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS USING AN OXYGEN GAS PRODUCED BY AT LEAST ONE GAS TURBINE
US20080145805A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Towler Gavin P Process of Using a Fired Heater
US20110223101A1 (en) * 2010-02-06 2011-09-15 William Timothy Williams Combustion chamber hydrogen converter accelerator
US20180296998A1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2018-10-18 L'Air Liquidde, Societe Anonyme pour I'Etude et I'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude Reformer for producing synthesis gas
US10773230B2 (en) * 2015-10-05 2020-09-15 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Reformer for producing synthesis gas having improved burner waste gas flow
US10793780B2 (en) 2017-10-12 2020-10-06 Red Leaf Resources, Inc. Heating materials through co-generation of heat and electricity

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