US3412245A - Method and apparatus of retrieval of coded information from symbols having coded inks having photoluminescent components with short and long time constants of decay after short wave illumination - Google Patents

Method and apparatus of retrieval of coded information from symbols having coded inks having photoluminescent components with short and long time constants of decay after short wave illumination Download PDF

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Publication number
US3412245A
US3412245A US526184A US52618466A US3412245A US 3412245 A US3412245 A US 3412245A US 526184 A US526184 A US 526184A US 52618466 A US52618466 A US 52618466A US 3412245 A US3412245 A US 3412245A
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United States
Prior art keywords
luminescence
coded
component
components
short
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US526184A
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English (en)
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Halverson Frederick
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Wyeth Holdings LLC
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American Cyanamid Co
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Application filed by American Cyanamid Co filed Critical American Cyanamid Co
Priority to US526184A priority Critical patent/US3412245A/en
Priority to GB2972/67A priority patent/GB1174291A/en
Priority to DE19671524711 priority patent/DE1524711A1/de
Priority to FR94116A priority patent/FR1511203A/fr
Priority to NL6701894A priority patent/NL6701894A/xx
Priority to CH190967A priority patent/CH484475A/de
Priority to BE693854D priority patent/BE693854A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3412245A publication Critical patent/US3412245A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/22—Luminous paints
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/12—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation using a selected wavelength, e.g. to sense red marks and ignore blue marks

Definitions

  • the luminescence mimics the excitation.
  • the luminescent output is of approximately constant intensity, with only a small AC ripple.
  • the ratios of AC to DC components vary greatly with the decay time, and the signal from the processing circuits determine the presence or absence of the different components.
  • the complexes such as chelates, were formed with various organic ligands, which under ultraviolet illumination excite the lanthanide ion into a metastable electronic state from which the chelated lanthanide ion can emit a photon having an energy corresponding to transition to a lower electronic level of the chelated ion. This emission is over a very narrow range of Wavelengths.
  • the present invention is directed to an improvement in the information retrieval from coded inks such as is described in the application of Freeman and Halverson above referred to.
  • the invention provides an electrical method which produces sharp separation of signals based not only, or not even primarily, on the wavelength range of the photoluminescence but on the relative rates of decay of the radiation after excitation with ultraviolet or other shortwave radiation.
  • the signals produced by the method and apparatus of the Freeman and Halverson application had a certain signalto-noise ratio, that is to say, sharpness and reliability with which the signal denoting presence or absence of a given component can be distinguished from other signals produced which may be regarded as noise.
  • 1 is an attenuation factor for the modulation of the luminescence as compared to the modulation of the exciting radiation.
  • k w the attenuation factor is essentially unity and the modulation has its maximum value (lumi nescence mimics excitation).
  • k w the attenuation factor is small, thereby decreasing the extent of tmodulation and giving the the luminescence output the appearance of a constant intensity with a small ripple superimposed.
  • the intensity signals after being converted into electrical signals via phototubes or other radiation detectors, for components with widely differing ks are easily separated, as will be brought out below.
  • the attenuation factor is 0.85 while for the second it is 0.16.
  • the modulation present in the luminescence from the first component is 0.68, and from the second component it is 0.13.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagram in partial schematic of the electrical circuits for steady state illumination readout
  • FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic representation of apparatus for steady state illumination.
  • FIGURE 1 The processing circuit and the signals received are shown in FIGURE 1 Where it will be seen that the electrical signal from the two components, as described above for a sinusoidally modulated xenon discharge tube, encounters a frequency filter with a low pass filter made up of an inductance 1 and a large capacitor 2, and a high pass filter with a smaller capacitor 3, a rectifier 4, and a conventional smoothing filter made up of a resistance 5 and a capacitor 6.
  • the values of inductance 1 and capacitor 2 are such that practically no AC components pass, but only the steady state DC from components #1 and #2.
  • the signal leaving the filter of 5 and 6 represents the rectified and smoothed signal arising from the fluctuating or AC portion of the luminescence intensities of components #1 and #2.
  • the discrimination, or signal-to-noise ratio can, of course, be further improved by any spectral separation which may be present.
  • broad band optical filter arrangement can allow luminescence in the range 5750 A.6550 A. to impinge on the photodetector.
  • Luminescence from a samarium complex in this range consists primarily of two bands at about 5980 A. and 6420 A., and from a europium complex consists primarily of a band at about 6120 A.
  • the simple broad band filter arrangement would permit both Samarium luminescence bands to contribute to the detection, while the different time dependence of the two luminescent components allows differentiation between their presence or absence.
  • two detectors might be used, one fitted with a narrow band filter centered at about 5980 A. and the other with a filter centered at about 6120 A. Even in this case there can be a slight overlapping of the samarium luminescence band at 5980 A. and the europium luminescence band at 5980 A. and the europium luminescence band at 6120 A., depending on the particular complex.
  • the signal V(DC, #2) is a direct measure of the presence of component #2, the ratio of the rectified AC signal to V(DC #2) determines the presence or absence of component #1.
  • a continuous calibration curve can be developed which is valid as long as some of component #2 is present.
  • the presence of an AC signal in the substantial absence of a DC signal is a clear indication that only component #1 is present.
  • the steady state illumination methods described in connection with FIG. 1 were illustrated using a modulation frequency of 1000 cycle in the case of the xenon discharge, or a 400 cycle current source for the mercury arc.
  • Other frequencies may be used, and it is an advantage of the invention that the best frequency for any particular purpose can be chosen.
  • the choice of frequencies can depend on the time constants of the luminescent materials and it is also possible with suitable electrical filters to operate the system with a frequency scanning device which can select in sequence a number of frequencies.
  • Such a more elaborate modification can be used wherever the nature of the symbols make it worth its additional complexity. A simple, if somewhat crud-e, illustration will suflice.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a different modification in which the exciting radiation, instead of being continuous AC, is pulsed, for example, a xenon flash tube 7 operating in a circuit which causes it to flash upon receipt of a signal, the luminescence from the coded ink in location 8 having the components to be determined is then spectrally separated, for example by a prism or grating which disperses it spatially, FIGURE 2 illustrating this dispersion by means of the prism 9.
  • a rotating disc or wheel 10 is synchronized with the xenon flash and is provided with a series of slits 11 in its periphery.
  • a single radiation detector symbolized by a photo tube 12, receives the radiation coming through the slits.
  • the pulsing of lamp 7 is synchronized with the rotating disc or wheel by means of light from source 13 generating a signal from phototube 14 each time a slit 11 passes in front of it, causing lamp 7 to flash once for every second or higher signal from phototube 14.
  • the particular sequence of flashes is determined by the electronic circuits in the lamp flash supply. These circuits are not shown as they are conven tional, for example an ordinary flip-flop for flashing on every second signal.
  • the location of the source 13 and phototube 14 combination around the periphery of the disc is adjustable to provide appropriate synchronization. Let us assume a positioning of slits and rotation of disc such that the slits sample radiation at 500 sec.
  • the slit which synchronizes with the green radiation from the prism, representing, let us say, the luminescence from terbium, will give out a signal and so will the next slit because the lifetime of the terbium complex is of the order of 1 msec. or a little less. In other words, there would be response from terbium for two slits whereas the green portion of the diphenylanthracene luminescene would only come through a single slit.
  • FIG. 2 A prism or other means for separating the different spectral regions of luminescence in terms of physical displacement is illustrated in FIG. 2 and is a very satisfactory form.
  • a similar result can also be obtained without spatial dispersion. For example, focus an image of the luminescing area on the surface of the rotating disc at a radial distance from the center of the disc corresponding to the slits. Replace each slit, and the area along the periphery adjacent to each slit, with a set of optical filters corresponding to the wavelengths of luminescence to be detected. Each filter can have the dimensions of one slit, and the sequence of filters in a set must be the same for all sets.
  • the slits can be replaced by a narrow band interference filter transmiting the 5430 A.
  • terbium and a similarly shaped blue filter can be inserted in the .disc at the same radial distance but displaced by a small angle from the green filter.
  • the blue and green filters can be adjacent or slightly separated, but the arrangement must be the same at each slit location.
  • a stationary slit may be placed in front of the photodetector such that when a given filter is in front of the slit, only the radiation passing through that filter reaches the detector. This reduces the amount of stray light. As the disc rotates, the signal from the detector has the same characteristics as previously.
  • pulsed operation has been in terms of electrical pulsing of the flashtube followed by mechanical time discrimination, all of the operations can be performed electrically also.
  • stationary slits can be located spatially so as to pass the desired luminescence bands.
  • Individual photodetectors are mounted behind each slit, and the detectors are connected into circuits I which permit sampling the individual detector outputs at selected time intervals during and subsequent to a flash.
  • the flashtube is connected into a circuit which drives it at a fixed repetition rate, such as 60 cycles. If no spectral dispersion is used, the fluorescent radiation can be directed to a multiplicity of detectors equipped with appropriate filters, and time sampling of detector outputs handled in the same fashion.
  • a method of indicating presence of photoluminescent material in a coded symbol which comprises:
  • An apparatus for determining the presence of components in a coded symbol, which components have photoluminesce of widely different luminescence time constants which comprises in combination:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
US526184A 1966-02-09 1966-02-09 Method and apparatus of retrieval of coded information from symbols having coded inks having photoluminescent components with short and long time constants of decay after short wave illumination Expired - Lifetime US3412245A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US526184A US3412245A (en) 1966-02-09 1966-02-09 Method and apparatus of retrieval of coded information from symbols having coded inks having photoluminescent components with short and long time constants of decay after short wave illumination
GB2972/67A GB1174291A (en) 1966-02-09 1967-01-19 Information retrieval from Symbols containing Photoluminescent Materials
DE19671524711 DE1524711A1 (de) 1966-02-09 1967-02-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufzeichnen und Lesen von Daten
FR94116A FR1511203A (fr) 1966-02-09 1967-02-08 Procédé, appareil et éléments d'enregistrement et de restitution de l'information
NL6701894A NL6701894A (zh) 1966-02-09 1967-02-08
CH190967A CH484475A (de) 1966-02-09 1967-02-09 Verfahren zum Anzeigen des Anteils verschiedener Komponenten photolumineszierenden Materials in kodierten Symbolen
BE693854D BE693854A (zh) 1966-02-09 1967-02-09

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US52606266A 1966-02-09 1966-02-09
US526184A US3412245A (en) 1966-02-09 1966-02-09 Method and apparatus of retrieval of coded information from symbols having coded inks having photoluminescent components with short and long time constants of decay after short wave illumination

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US (1) US3412245A (zh)
BE (1) BE693854A (zh)
CH (1) CH484475A (zh)
DE (1) DE1524711A1 (zh)
FR (1) FR1511203A (zh)
GB (1) GB1174291A (zh)
NL (1) NL6701894A (zh)

Cited By (52)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3566119A (en) * 1967-10-06 1971-02-23 California Computer Products Infrared scanning device using a spherical lens
US3598995A (en) * 1967-10-09 1971-08-10 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Method of evaluating ultraviolet radiations and qualitative analysis involving such evaluations
US3663813A (en) * 1970-01-19 1972-05-16 American Cyanamid Co Optical reader for luminescent codes luminescing in different wavelengths
US3904872A (en) * 1970-12-29 1975-09-09 Nippon Electric Co Detector for luminescent patterns comprising a color detector responsive to color components of predetermined colors of the luminescence
FR2316595A1 (fr) * 1975-06-30 1977-01-28 Analytical Radiation Corp Procede, appareil et produits pour spectrometrie fluorescente d'analyse et dosage immunofluorometrique
FR2328192A1 (fr) * 1975-10-17 1977-05-13 Gao Ges Automation Org Procede et dispositif pour l'identification de substances fluorescentes
US4442170A (en) * 1980-05-30 1984-04-10 Gao Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh. Security document with security features in the form of luminescing substances
US4598205A (en) * 1980-05-30 1986-07-01 Gao Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh Security paper with authenticity features in the form of substances luminescing only in the invisible region of the optical spectrum and process for testing the same
FR2578339A1 (fr) * 1985-03-04 1986-09-05 Erhardt & Leimer Gmbh Dispositif pour la detection de marquages d'identification sur des supports d'identification en mouvement
US5525798A (en) * 1994-12-01 1996-06-11 Pitney Bowes Inc. Bar code scanner for reading a lower layer luminescent invisible ink that is printed below a upper layer luminescent invisible ink
US5554842A (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-09-10 Pitney Bowes Inc. Luminescent facing marks for enhanced postal indicia discrimination
WO1999016009A1 (en) * 1997-09-26 1999-04-01 Iomega Corporation Latent illuminance discrimination marker and system for data storage cartridges
US6181662B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2001-01-30 Iomega Corporation Latent irradiance discrimination method and marker system for cartridgeless data storage disks
US6201662B1 (en) 1998-09-25 2001-03-13 Iomega Corporation Latent illuminance discrimination marker with reflective layer for data storage cartridges
US6232124B1 (en) 1996-05-06 2001-05-15 Verification Technologies, Inc. Automated fingerprint methods and chemistry for product authentication and monitoring
US6264107B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2001-07-24 Iomega Corporation Latent illuminance discrimination marker system for authenticating articles
US6297924B1 (en) 1998-11-13 2001-10-02 Iomega Corporation System and method for cartridge detection and verification using signal comparison
US6359745B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2002-03-19 Iomega Corporation Latent illuminance discrimination marker system for data storage cartridges
US6490030B1 (en) 1999-01-18 2002-12-03 Verification Technologies, Inc. Portable product authentication device
US6512580B1 (en) 1999-10-27 2003-01-28 Verification Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for portable product authentication
US6589626B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2003-07-08 Verification Technologies, Inc. Copy-protected optical media and method of manufacture thereof
US6638593B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2003-10-28 Verification Technologies, Inc. Copy-protected optical media and method of manufacture thereof
US20040262547A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2004-12-30 Ncr Corporation Security labelling
US20050136486A1 (en) * 2003-07-12 2005-06-23 Haushalter Robert C. Methods for optically encoding an object with upconverting materials and compositions used therein
US20050143249A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2005-06-30 Ross Gary A. Security labels which are difficult to counterfeit
US20060118740A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-06-08 Ross Gary A Security markers for reducing receipt fraud
US20060118738A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-06-08 Ncr Corporation Security markers for ascertaining navigational information
US20060118741A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-06-08 Ross Gary A Security markers for indicating condition of an item
US20060118739A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-06-08 Ncr Corporation Security markers for marking pharmaceuticals
US20060131517A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-06-22 Ross Gary A Security markers for controlling operation of an item
US20060131518A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-06-22 Ross Gary A Security markers for determining composition of a medium
US7079230B1 (en) 1999-07-16 2006-07-18 Sun Chemical B.V. Portable authentication device and method of authenticating products or product packaging
US20060180792A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-08-17 Prime Technology Llc Security marker having overt and covert security features
US20060219961A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-10-05 Ross Gary A Security markers for controlling access to a secure area
US7124944B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2006-10-24 Verification Technologies, Inc. Product packaging including digital data
US20070001011A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2007-01-04 Verification Technologies, Inc. Product packaging including digital data
US20070023715A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2007-02-01 Ross Gary A Security markers for marking a person or property
EP1812884A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2007-08-01 Parallel Synthesis Technologies, Inc. Rare earth downconverting phosphor compositions for optically encoding objects and methods and apparatus relating to same
US20080129037A1 (en) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-05 Prime Technology Llc Tagging items with a security feature
US7486790B1 (en) 2000-06-30 2009-02-03 Verification Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling access to storage media
US20090108081A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-04-30 Eric William Zwirner LumID Barcode Format
US20090177315A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-07-09 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Product, Dispenser and Method of Dispensing Product
US20090218805A1 (en) * 2005-10-28 2009-09-03 Parallel Synthesis Technologies Methods for fabricating optically encoded particles and methods for optically encoding objects with such particles
US20090321623A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2009-12-31 Ross Gary A Security markers for identifying a source of a substance
US7660415B2 (en) 2000-08-03 2010-02-09 Selinfreund Richard H Method and apparatus for controlling access to storage media
WO2011019293A1 (en) 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Nano - Tech Sp. Z O.O. Markers for protection valuable liquid and solid materials
US8833691B1 (en) 2007-12-21 2014-09-16 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Product, dispenser and method of dispensing product
WO2018007444A1 (en) 2016-07-06 2018-01-11 Sicpa Holding Sa Method for authenticating a security marking utilizing long afterglow emission, and security marking comprising one or more afterglow compound
EP2331345B2 (de) † 2008-10-09 2018-02-21 Bundesdruckerei GmbH Sicherheitsmerkmal auf basis lumineszenz emittierender stoffe
US10241045B2 (en) 2012-08-23 2019-03-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Spectrally encoded microbeads and methods and devices for making and using same
WO2019160694A1 (en) 2018-02-15 2019-08-22 Buckman Laboratories International, Inc. Method and system for tagging leather or hides treated with biocide and identifying same
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Cited By (73)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3566119A (en) * 1967-10-06 1971-02-23 California Computer Products Infrared scanning device using a spherical lens
US3598995A (en) * 1967-10-09 1971-08-10 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Method of evaluating ultraviolet radiations and qualitative analysis involving such evaluations
US3663813A (en) * 1970-01-19 1972-05-16 American Cyanamid Co Optical reader for luminescent codes luminescing in different wavelengths
US3904872A (en) * 1970-12-29 1975-09-09 Nippon Electric Co Detector for luminescent patterns comprising a color detector responsive to color components of predetermined colors of the luminescence
FR2316595A1 (fr) * 1975-06-30 1977-01-28 Analytical Radiation Corp Procede, appareil et produits pour spectrometrie fluorescente d'analyse et dosage immunofluorometrique
FR2328192A1 (fr) * 1975-10-17 1977-05-13 Gao Ges Automation Org Procede et dispositif pour l'identification de substances fluorescentes
US4442170A (en) * 1980-05-30 1984-04-10 Gao Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh. Security document with security features in the form of luminescing substances
US4598205A (en) * 1980-05-30 1986-07-01 Gao Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh Security paper with authenticity features in the form of substances luminescing only in the invisible region of the optical spectrum and process for testing the same
FR2578339A1 (fr) * 1985-03-04 1986-09-05 Erhardt & Leimer Gmbh Dispositif pour la detection de marquages d'identification sur des supports d'identification en mouvement
US4758716A (en) * 1985-03-04 1988-07-19 Erhardt +Leimer Gmbh Apparatus for evaluating indicia on a moving carrier
US5525798A (en) * 1994-12-01 1996-06-11 Pitney Bowes Inc. Bar code scanner for reading a lower layer luminescent invisible ink that is printed below a upper layer luminescent invisible ink
US5554842A (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-09-10 Pitney Bowes Inc. Luminescent facing marks for enhanced postal indicia discrimination
US6232124B1 (en) 1996-05-06 2001-05-15 Verification Technologies, Inc. Automated fingerprint methods and chemistry for product authentication and monitoring
US6458595B1 (en) 1996-05-06 2002-10-01 Verification Technologies, Inc. Automated fingerprint methods and chemistry for product authentication and monitoring
US6091563A (en) * 1997-09-26 2000-07-18 Iomega Corporation Latent illuminance discrimination marker system for data storage cartridges
US6181662B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2001-01-30 Iomega Corporation Latent irradiance discrimination method and marker system for cartridgeless data storage disks
WO1999016009A1 (en) * 1997-09-26 1999-04-01 Iomega Corporation Latent illuminance discrimination marker and system for data storage cartridges
US6264107B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2001-07-24 Iomega Corporation Latent illuminance discrimination marker system for authenticating articles
US6359745B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2002-03-19 Iomega Corporation Latent illuminance discrimination marker system for data storage cartridges
US6201662B1 (en) 1998-09-25 2001-03-13 Iomega Corporation Latent illuminance discrimination marker with reflective layer for data storage cartridges
US6297924B1 (en) 1998-11-13 2001-10-02 Iomega Corporation System and method for cartridge detection and verification using signal comparison
US6490030B1 (en) 1999-01-18 2002-12-03 Verification Technologies, Inc. Portable product authentication device
US6707539B2 (en) 1999-01-18 2004-03-16 Verification Technologies, Inc. Portable product authentication device
US7079230B1 (en) 1999-07-16 2006-07-18 Sun Chemical B.V. Portable authentication device and method of authenticating products or product packaging
US6512580B1 (en) 1999-10-27 2003-01-28 Verification Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for portable product authentication
US6589626B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2003-07-08 Verification Technologies, Inc. Copy-protected optical media and method of manufacture thereof
US6638593B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2003-10-28 Verification Technologies, Inc. Copy-protected optical media and method of manufacture thereof
US7486790B1 (en) 2000-06-30 2009-02-03 Verification Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling access to storage media
US7303803B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2007-12-04 Verification Technologies, Inc. Copy-protected optical media and method of manufacture thereof
US20070001011A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2007-01-04 Verification Technologies, Inc. Product packaging including digital data
US7124944B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2006-10-24 Verification Technologies, Inc. Product packaging including digital data
US7660415B2 (en) 2000-08-03 2010-02-09 Selinfreund Richard H Method and apparatus for controlling access to storage media
US20060180792A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-08-17 Prime Technology Llc Security marker having overt and covert security features
US7256398B2 (en) 2003-06-26 2007-08-14 Prime Technology Llc Security markers for determining composition of a medium
US20060131518A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-06-22 Ross Gary A Security markers for determining composition of a medium
US20060118739A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-06-08 Ncr Corporation Security markers for marking pharmaceuticals
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DE1524711A1 (de) 1970-07-09
CH484475A (de) 1970-01-15
BE693854A (zh) 1967-08-09
NL6701894A (zh) 1967-08-10
FR1511203A (fr) 1968-01-26
GB1174291A (en) 1969-12-17

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