Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
  • D06M13/248—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing sulfur
  • D06M13/256—Sulfonated compounds esters thereof, e.g. sultones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
  • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
  • C21C5/285—Plants therefor
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M7/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made of other substances with subsequent freeing of the treated goods from the treating medium, e.g. swelling, e.g. polyolefins
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/02—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/26—Amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/46—Textile oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
  • C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
  • D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]

Definitions

• the invention provides lrnulti-filament bulked yarn of novel frictional characteristics, namely inter-filamentary slip-stick frictional force of 300-800 grams as the low up to 600l200 grams as the high by the method of Schlatter et al., Textile Research Journal, volume XX-lX, pages 200-210 (1959).
• These forces are imparted by applying to the filaments either a substituted diphenyl ether or a substituted naphthalene, containing at least one alkyl substituent and containing an acidic group in each of the rings of the ether or in the non-alkylated ring of the naphthalene.
• a yarn-to-metal lubricant is also applied to the yarn, especially a polyalkylene ether, imparting yarn-to-metal frictional force between and 120 grams as measured by the above Schlatter et a1. method.
• This invention relates to new multi-filament textured or bulked yarns having exceptionally high inter-filamentary cohesive frictional properties.
• This invention more particularly, relates to textured multi-filament yarns which in addition to having high inter-filamentary frictional properties have low metal-to-yarn frictional properties, the benefit of which will appear hereinafter.
• This invention further relates to a composition which imparts to multi-filament bulked yarns of any chemical composition high inter-filamentary frictional forces.
• This invention still further relates to a composition which in addition to imparting to bulked multi-filament yarns high inter-filamentary frictional properties enabling cohesiveness within the yarn also imparts to the yarn low rnetal-to-yarn frictional characteristics.
• This invention also relates to a process for applying the compositions to the yarn.
• Bulked multi-filament yarns in many textile operations must be passed through various guides, needles and reeds in preparation of the end textile.
• a metal tufting needle which acts much like the needle of an automatic sewing maching.
• the yarn is passed through at great speeds so that the maximum amount of carpet manufacture can be provided in a given time and hence the tufting needle Works at a substantial speed. Since the yarn is composed of many individual filaments say about 200 there is a tendency for some of the filaments to stray from the yarn and separate out and loop around the tufting needle, and after several subsequent stitches, the entwined filaments pulls out the tufted stitch.
• a bulked multi-filament yarn which has cohesiveness within the yarn itself i.e., a bulked multi-filament yarn which does not have individual filaments which tend to be separated from the yarn itself and to catch on or snag on guides, needles, reeds or the like.
• Such a multi-filament yarn would have high interfilamentary frictional forces.
• a still further object of this invention is to provide a process for applying our scrouping agent composition to bulked multi-filament yarn.
• A is an acid salt forming group
• x is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, nitrogen base radicals, and metal alkaline and alkaline earth metal atoms of the periodic chart of the elements having an atomic number not exceeding 56,
• the yarn has preferably applied thereto at least 0.2 to 2% by weight (dry basis) of this scrouping agent as an over-finish based on the weight of the yarns.
• An amount of scrouping agent of less than 0.2% by weight does not generally increase the inter-filamentary frictional forces while amounts greater than 2% by weight are unnecessary and hence represent merely added cost.
• Utitlizing a yarn-to-metal lubricity additive as herein disclosed there is obtained, in addition to the high interfilamentary frictional forces above, a low metal-to-yarn frictional force of between 30 and 120 grams.
• an ingredient of the scrouping agent is preferably water soluble at room temperature.
• the overfinish can be applied using a dispersion consisting of the aryl compound and water or other liquid as vehicle.
• the scrouping agent (I) and alternately (II) is preferably applied to the yarn in a concentration of between 10% and 50% by weight. Use of a concentration of less than 10% necessitates application of a large amount of overfinish to provide the minimum preferred amount of scrouping agent on the yarn of 0.2%.
• the pH of the scrouping agent is important.
• a scrouping agent having a pH below 2 or above 12 Will generally be too acid or basic as the case may be and will tend to attack the equipment used in applying the scrouping agent to the yarn or the yarn itself.
• a scrouping agent containing the above compounds I and II and having a pH at room temperature of between 4.5 and 9.5 we prefer to use a scrouping agent containing the above compounds I and II and having a pH at room temperature of between 4.5 and 9.5.
• a scrouping agent, according to our invention, with a pH below 4.5 tends to create corrosion problems for commercial operations while a scrouping agent of our invention with a pH above 9.5 tends to corrode aluminum type equipment which con be employed.
• the aryl ether I or alternately the alkyl naphthyl compound II as depicted by the above formulae encompasses many specific ethers or alkyl naphthyl derivatives some of which are preferred over others, it being remembered that what is essential is that the compound be an aryl ether I or alternately an alkyl naphthyl II compound having at least one acid salt-forming group on each phenyl radical and an alkyl group on one phenyl radical.
• the specific acid salt-forming group (A) is not critical and can suitably be a sulfite, sulfate, hypophosphite, phosphate, phosphite, sulfonate or similar group or mixture thereof.
• the sulfonate radical as the acid-salt-forming group.
• the -group-Ax can be the acid group itself or a salt thereof as x can be hydrogen, a nitrogen base radical, or a :metal alkaline or alkaline earth atom having an atomic number not exceeding 56 preferably not exceeding 19.
• nitrogen base radicals includes ammonium or amine radicals.
• Ax is the reaction product of the group A with compounds such as NH OH or primary amines e.g. ethylamine or secondary amines 6. g. dimethylamine.
• alkaline or alkaline earth metal atoms of the periodic chart of the elements as used herein refers to that periodic chart from Fundamental Chemistry, 2nd edition, by H.
• the alkyl group represented by R (I and alternately II) can vary in length from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and can be unsubstituted or substituted with halogens, carboxyl groups, by alcoholic OH groups and by pendent alkyl groups varying in length between 1 and 5 carbon atoms.
• R and R" applying to compound I can be either hydrogen atoms, phenyl group, or phenoxy groups. However, since there is no particular necessity in using the larger molecules they are not preferred.
• dodecyldiphenyl ether sodium disulfonate whose structural formula is:
• NaO S NaOsS is an excellent aryl ether for use in the scrouping agent and that it performs excellently in the concentrations above mentioned to give the desired amounts of overfinish and accordingly is the desired aryl ether for our scrouping agent.
• alkyl naphthalene sodium sulfonate a preferred alkyl naphthyl derivative for our invention, can be employed in a similar manner to the aryl ether I above.
• the structural formula of the alkyl naphthalene sulfonate II is as follows:
• a preferred neutralizing or pH adjusting agent is a polyoxyethylene alkyl amine Whose structural formula is /(CHzoH2o),orncH 0H RN ⁇ (CH2CH 2O) C1'I2CH2OH:
• R is alkyl and x and y are integers independently varying from 2 to 15 inclusive.
• An amine of this formula is manufactured under the trademark G3780A, by Atlas Chemical Company.
• the aqueous scrouping agent is applied to the bulked, m-ulti-filament yarn by various methods preferably before thermal crimp removal.
• the mode of application can be by surface contact with either a metal or ceramic application roll; finish application by spraying or fogging of the scrouping agent onto moving yarn; by passage of the yarn through a slot with a thin film of the finish solution; and/or by direct contact by immersion of the yarn in the scrouping agent. It is preferred to apply the scrouping agent prior to thermal crimp removal, since drying of the finish is accomplished simultaneously with crimp removal.
• the yarn is treated with the scrouping agent, it is dried.
• This operation can be performed by any conventional method as by passing the moist yarn through a heated chamber maintained at sufficient temperature to dry the yarn.
• a textured multi-filament yarn having high inter-filamentary frictional forces, to wit, a slip-stick frictional force low of 300 to 800 grams and high of 600 to 1200 grams.
• These interfilimentary forces as reported are obtained by the slipstick method of testing which is similar to the ASTM method and described by Schlatter, Olney and Baer in Textile Research Journal, vol. XXIX, pages 2002l0, March (1959). Briefly, the yarn inter-filament frictional forces are determined as follows: using a Brush Tension analyzer Model ED13403-Brush Electronics Company,
• the yarn to be tested is passed at a speed of 1 cm./minute over pulleys positioned so that the two strands under test which are twisted 1 /2 turn rubbing against each other at an imposed Helix arc of 360 with a positive tension of 400 grams.
• the frictional forces imposed are measured on the apparatus strain gage and recorded on a typical continuous recording chart.
• the chart frictional pattern shows a gradual increase in tension until the static friction is overcome. Then there is a rapid drop in tension until a level is reached where the dynamic friction overcomes this imposed tension.
• the chart reads out in a zig-zag pattern showning a continuous series of low frictional measurement and gradual rise with sudden drops in friction, hence the name slip-stick friction.
• the high slip-stick friction is the point at which static friction is overcome or as the cohesive forces in the practice of this invention are overcome and the low level being the point where the dynamic frictional forces are overcome as imposed by the cohesive forces by the scrouping agent employed in this invention.
• the high slip-stick" frictional properties imparted to bulked yarns by our scrouping agent are obtainable 'by all bulked yarns regardless of chemical composition, number of filaments, denier or similar factors.
• yarn having such high frictional inter-filamentary properties one can pass the yarn through guides and tufting needles at high speeds without any tendency of individual filaments to migrate freely from the confinement of the yarn bundle structure, thus enabling fast and easy production of bulked multi-filament yarn articles having excellent design patterns with the desired pattern definition and also exhibiting a high degree of covering power or bloom.
• the overfinish finish can be removed from the yarn readily in the normal scouring operating proceeding dyeing wherein the crimp or bulked effect returns to the yarn. No specific scouring agents are required to remove the overfinish as the overfinish is water soluble.
• a bulked, multi-filarnent yarn which not only has these high inter-filamentary frictional properties but also has low metal-to-yarn frictional characteristics.
• a metalto-yarn lubricity additive is employed in conjunction with our scrouping agent, that low metal-to-yarn frictional characteristics for multi-filament bulked yarns are obtained.
• the low metal-to-yarn frictional characteristics are provided to all types of bulked m-ulti-filament yarns regardless of denier, number of filaments or chemical composition of yarn.
• the principal frictional characteristics of the yarn is a yarn-to-metal frictional force between 30 and 120 grams, believed by us to be novel for bulked mu'lti-filament yarns.
• yarn-to-metal frictional forces are referred to herein they were determined in a manner described by Schlatter in the same journal article as that which described yarn-to-yarn interfilament frictional forces.
• the same Brush Tension analyzer is employed and the yarn is passed at a speed of 200 feet per minute with one turn over a polished stainless steel pin of surface finish of root mean square of 3.0 micro inches giving a metal-to-yarn angle of 360 against a floating pretension weight of 38 grams.
• the chart reading shows a constant tension which is a measurement of the yarn-to-metal frictional forces.
• Suitable lubricity additives for our scrouping agent include in particular and preferably polyethers having the structural formula:
• R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of terminal hydroxyl groups, terminal hydroxyl groups esterified with acids of a chain length of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and terminal hydroxyl groups etherified with alcohols of chain length of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl and'n has a value of at least 3.
• These polyethers preferably have a molecular Weight between 400 and 22,000 and suitably up to 30,000 and can be compounds such as polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol having an average molecular Weight of 600, polyethoxylated fatty acids e.g. ethoxylated stearic acid or alcohols polyethoxylated with ethylene oxide e.g.
• ricinoleic acid glyceride (a chief ingredient of castor oil) polyethoxylated with ethylene oxide.
• the alcohols ethoxylated with ethylene oxide can have terminal hydroxyl groups and these terminal hydroxyl groups can be esterified with acids of a chain length between 2 and 20 carbon atoms inclusive.
• any of the above lubricity agents are present in the scrouping agent of this invention they should be present in an amount such that the ratio of scrouping agent to lubricity agent in parts by weight ranges from 1 to 8 parts scrouping compound per part lubricity agent, with smaller amounts of the lubricity agent permissive with a higher molecular weight (say above 10,000) of the lubricity agent. Except in the case of high molecular weight lubricity additives, smaller amounts of lubricity agent present in the scrouping agent do not generally impart the desired metal-to-yarn low frictional characteristics.
• lubricity agent tend to yield poor package formation when the treated yarn is taken up on a package and/or deposit on guides and surfaces used in the processing.
• the lubricity agent is also removed from the yarn during the scouring operation and for this reason is desirably readily water soluble. However, it is not necessary that the lubricity agent be water soluble.
• a scrouping agent was made up as follows: 310 parts of a mixture of isomers of dodecyldiphenyl ether sodium disulfonate sold under the trademark Benax 2A1 by the Dow Chemical Company, believed to have the dodecyl group para the ether linkage and the SO Na groups on each phenyl group ortho or meta the ether linkage were added to 595 parts distilled water maintained under good agitation at a temperature of 25 C.i-Z C. To this scrouping agent was added parts polyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 600 to be utilized in the scrouping agent as a yarn-to-metal lubricity agent.
• the aqueous solution was then neutralized with approximately parts of a polyoxyethylene alkyl amine until a pH acteristics were determined at 40% relative humidity, at of 8.5 was obtained.
• the polyoxyethylene alkyl amine a temperature of 7 6 C. and at a yarn angle of 360.
• Friction is the frictional forces in grams using the above described method. utilized was one manufactured by the Atlas Chemical 15
• the yarn coated with finished as above described was Company under the trademark Atlas G3780A and having employed in making loop pile tufted nylon carpets having roughly the following empirical formula: six tufts per inch and ounces of fiber per square yard carpet, employing woven jute backing of l2 ounces per (CHzCHzOhCHzOHzOH square yard.
• the tuftmg needle had an oval shaped eye, 2O side and wide operated at a rate of 520 tufts 2 2 2 2 per minute.
• the speed of the stainless steel application roller fiinnahiiity 0f the y indicating either high y was maintained at rpm. to apply approximately 3 metal frictional characteristics or low inter-filamentary 0.80% by weight (on a dry basis) overfinish to the bulked frictional Properties of the Y itselfyarn.
• a tangential contact angle of between 1 and 2 The samples of the tufted carpet were scoured at 212 for a distance of A1" to A" on the stainless steel roller and p y in a home- The Standard latex dispersion face at a tension of between 200 and 500 grams per end Was Subsequently pp to the backihgs 0f the p of 3,600 denier yarn was maintained.
• the scrouping agent The carpet samples were test evaluated for covering power applied immediately after crimping and prior to thermal by visual determination Of Whether the White colored crimp removal taking advantage of the heat applied dur- Carpet hacking could be Seen through the P Surface ing crimp removal to dry the applied overfini h. when viewed from above.
• the pattern definition was A control yarn of the same deni r d number f ascertained by visual observation of pattern uniformity filaments was treated in the same manner with the e and precision.
• control trials ception of treatm nt with th scrouping agent; S l were carried out using carpets of identical construction controls having various twists were also treated in the made from identically treated Y eXeePt treatment manner of the first mentioned control. Accordingly, yarns With the pi g agent to P vide an overfinish on the having the same twist and denier as their respectiv yarn. Experimental results and observations are presented control were treated with the scrouping agent 1n the man- 40 in Table 11 below.
• Commingled yarn is yarn having a high degree of inter-filamentary coherency so that it is readily runnable over and through guides, needles and reeds involved in textile operation. It is produced in accordance with U.S. application Ser. No. 535,480 of Fred W. Le Noir, entitled Comminglcd Crimped Yarn, filed Mar. 18, 1966.
• the scrouping agent of our invention can be transmission of isolated effects across the diameter of the easily applied to the yarns and thus does not necessitate yarn bundle or along the length of the yarn. Hence, the many steps or special treatment of the yarn such as enforces which tend to draw the bundle together and theretanglement.
• the process for applying the scrouping agent by maintain its integrity or cohesiveness are of lesser to the yarn is extremely simple yet provides results inmechanical stability than interlaced configurations herevaluable to the textile industry.
• the weight concentration of the scrouping agent and e c various lubricating agents which were evaluated were A multl'filament bulked yarn havmg a sllp'smik varied and compared with the product of this invention 0531 force low of i0 09 grams and a high of as to frictional properties and tufting quality and per- 600 grams, 531d y belng Coated with an overforrnance. All yarns employed were /1 turn twist nylon fi h n an amount Of from 012% to 2% of the total carpet yarns. weight of the yarn on a dried weight basis, said overfinish The results are tabulated in Table IV.
• A is an acid salt-forming substituent selected from the group consisting of sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, phosphite, hypophosphite, and sulfonate substituents;
• x is a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen substituent, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal of atomic number not exceeding 56, and nitrogen base selected from the group consisting of ammonium, mono-lower-alkylammonium, and dilower-alkylammonium;
• R is an alkyl group of between about 1 carbon atom and about carbon atoms inclusive.
• R and R" are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, and phenoxy.
• a multi'filament bulked yarn according to claim 1 wherein said aryl compound has the formula:
• a yarn according to claim 1 wherein the overfinish is present in an amount between 0.2 and 2% by weight of the total weight of the yarn on a dried weight basis.
• a process for imparting high inter-filamentary forces to bulked multi-filament yarn which process comprises applying to said yarn, from an aqueous solution having a pH at room temperature of between about 2 and about 12, an aryl compound of the formula selected from the group consisting of:
• A is an acid salt-forming substituent selected from the group consisting of sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, phosphite, hypophosphite, and sulfonate substituents;
• x is a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal of atomic number not exceeding 56, and nitrogen base substituents selected from the group consisting of ammonium, monoalkylammonium, and dialkylammonium;
• R is an alkyl group of between about 1 carbon atom and about 30 carbon atoms inclusive; and R and R are each substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, and phenoxy substituents, said aryl compound being applied to the yarn in an amount of from 0.2% to 2% of the total weight of the yarn on a dried weight basis to impart to said yarn a slipstick frictional force low of 300-800 grams and a high of 6004200 grams.
• a process for imparting to bulked multi-filament yarn high inter-filamentary frictional forces according to claim 8 wherein a mixture of l-methyl-naphthalene-4-sodi- um sulfonate with 1,4-dimethyl-naphthalene 5 sodium sulfonate is employed as the aryl compound.
• a process according to claim 8 wherein said aqueous solution has a pH of between 4.5 and 9.5.
• R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of terminal hydroxyl groups, terminal hydroxyl groups esterified with acids of a chain length of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and terminal hydroxyl groups etherified with alcohols of chain length of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl and n has a value of at least 3 and the molecular weight of said polyether additive is between 400 and 22,000; the non-aqueous ingredients of said solution consisting essentially of said aryl compound and said polyether; the concentrations in said solution and the amount of said solution applied to said yarn being adjusted to provide from 0.2% to 2% by weight of said non-aqueous ingredients on a dry basis on the yarn and to provide in said solution between about 1 and about 8 parts by weight of said aryl compound per part by weight of said polyether.

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• 1965
  • 1965-05-18 US US456820A patent/US3412022A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1966
  • 1966-05-16 DE DE19661594886 patent/DE1594886A1/de active Pending
  • 1966-05-16 BE BE681133D patent/BE681133A/xx unknown
  • 1966-05-16 NL NL666606698A patent/NL147802B/xx unknown
  • 1966-05-17 GB GB21840/66A patent/GB1146826A/en not_active Expired

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